Fluji ya ku Spain
Mu 1918, kachilombo ka matenda a chimfine kanafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chimabweretsa mliri. Mliri umenewu wadziwika kuti 1918 kapena Fluji ya ku Spain. Anayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka H1N1 kachilombo A omwe asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anasinthidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine omwe poyamba anali kulandira mbalame zokha. Zinasinthika ndipo zinasintha mokwanira kuti zinatha kupha anthu ndikufalitsa mofulumira kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu.
Chifukwa chakuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sitinayambe tachilombola anthu, iwo adatha kupatsira anthu ambiri mofulumira kwambiri.
Mtundu wina wapadera wa kachilomboka kameneka ndi mphamvu yake kudutsa kuchokera ku mbalame kupita kwa anthu koma kuchokera kwa anthu kupita ku nkhumba. Pambuyo poyambitsa nkhumba, yakhala ikupitirira kusintha ndipo yakhala "kachilombo ka HIV" ya chimfine chilichonse chimene tachiwona kuyambira 1918.
Momwe Iwo Unayambira
Vuto la H1N1 lomwe linayambitsa mliri wa 1918 unayamba ngati kachirombo ka avian chimfine . Monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine, icho chinasintha ndipo chinapanga mphamvu yothetsera anthu ndikufalitsa pakati pa anthu mosavuta ndi mofulumira. Sitikudziwa bwino chifukwa chake kapena momwe izi zakhalira (kapena momwe zikupitilira kuchitika), ife tikudziwa kokha kuti zinatero.
Amene Anakhudza
Mliri wa 1918 unakhudza makumi ambirimbiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akuti pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi adatengedwa ndi kachilomboka ndipo pakati pa 20 ndi 50 miliyoni anthu adafa.
Mferezi wa 1918 unali woopsa kwambiri chifukwa unakhudza achinyamata, odwala bwino monga momwe adachitira ndi magulu akuluakulu oopsa . Ambiri achikulire omwe ali pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 50 adadwala ndikufa kuchokera ku chimfine cha 1918 kuposa gulu lina lililonse. Kawirikawiri, chimfine ndi chachikulu kwambiri kwa ana, akuluakulu komanso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu, osati achikulire odwala.
1918 Zizindikiro za Mliri wa Mliri
Zizindikiro za chimfine cha 1918 sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za mtundu wa chimfine. Chofunika kwambiri pa matendawa ndi matendawa. Zimanenedwa kuti anthu ambiri omwe adadzuka popanda zizindikiro za chimfine adadwala m'mawa ndipo adafa usiku. M'masiku osachepera asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri a chimfine chimene tikuyembekezera masiku ano, vutoli linagunda mofulumira kwambiri.
Chifukwa china chachikulu cha imfa pa mliriwu chinali kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a bakiteriya . Ngati munthu samwalira ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine m'masiku oyamba odwala, ambiri adatha matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya - monga chibayo - omwe potsirizira pake adanena miyoyo yawo.
Mafunde atatu
Panali "mafunde" akuluakulu atatu a matenda m'chaka cha 1918. Mphungu yoyamba inayamba m'chaka ndi chilimwe cha 1918 ndi matenda ovuta, koma ochepa kwambiri. Lipoti loyamba linachokera ku Kansas lotsatiridwa ndi malipoti a asilikali ena odwala ku Ulaya akubwera ndi matendawa. Matendawa amafalikira kwa anthu wamba ku Ulaya ndi kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi.
Kumapeto kwa 1918, mliriwu wachiwiri unayamba.
Izi zinabweretsa chiwonongeko china cha matenda pa, kupha anthu ambiri kuposa mawonekedwe oyambirira. Mtsinje wachitatu ndi womalizira unachitikira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1919. Akuti anthu 675,000 ku United States (omwe analipo panthawiyo anali mamiliyoni 105) adataya miyoyo yawo m'liopsezo chotchedwa Flugal Flu.
Zimene Taphunzira Kuyambira mu 1918 Mliri wa Flu
Mliri waukulu wa chimfine umene dziko lapansi wakhalapo kuyambira 1918 wakhala wokhudzana ndi ichi. Mavairasi akhala akusinthasintha mwa mtundu umodzi kapena kachilombo ka HIV kameneka. Chifukwa chakuvutitsa ndi kupha anthu ochulukirapo padziko lonse, mliliwu uliwonse umayesedwa ndi uwu ndipo momwe timachitira ndi mowopsya ndikuwopsa chifukwa cha HIV yomwe ingathe kupha monga momwe anachitira.
Zotsatira:
"Mafumu: Virus ya Influenza mu 1918 ndi Masiku Ano" National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases 29 Jun 09. National Institutes of Health. 31 Jan 12.
"Mliri Waukulu" Ofesi ya Wolemba Mbiri ya Utumiki Wathanzi. Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Ukhondo ku United States. 15 Feb 12.