Zosintha zamakono komanso zamakono m'tsogolo
Njira Zowonetsera Ana:
Pakalipano, (kupatulapo kudziletsa ndi kuchotsa ), pali njira ziwiri zokha zothandizira ana kubereka - makondomu ndi vasectomy . Njira zonse zowonetsera kubereka zimapatsa amuna chisankho chosiyana.
- Makondomu: pali mitundu yambiri ya makondomu omwe mungasankhe. Kuwonjezera pa kukula , mawonekedwe, ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mukhoza kusankha makondomu opangidwa kuchokera ku latex , polyurethane , polyisoprene , ndi lambskin
- Vasectomy: ichi ndi chosatha chosinthika kwa amuna. Mukhoza kusankha pakati pa chikhalidwe cha vasectomy kapena se -scalpel (keyhole) vasectomy . Zonsezi ndi njira zosavuta komanso zothandiza .
Bwanji Ponena za Kugonjetsa Amuna Achibadwa?
Kugonjera kwa amuna kwawombera kwakhala kukuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwazaka zambiri. NTHAWI YOPHUNZITSIDWA (Kuletsedwa kwazitsulo kwa Sperm Under Guide) ndi jekeseni yomwe imangoperekedwa kudzera mu mayesero a kuchipatala ku India. Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa kuti kuperekera kwa amayi uku kwawoneka kuti ndi 99% ogwira ntchito - izi ndi zofanana ndi njira zowonetsera amayi . Kuwombera kwa abambo sikuwombera, kumakhala kosawonongeka, kosavuta, ndipo kumatha zaka 8-10. Zili ngati kukhala ndi vasectomy - popanda kupseza kosatha. Ku United States, jekeseni yotchedwa Vasalgel (yomwe ili yofanana ndi RISUG) ndiyo njira yothandizira kubadwa kwaamuna pambali pazitsulo zamakono ndipo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi njira yoyamba ya US yogulitsa amuna.
Vaselgel pakalipano akuyesedwa kuyesedwa kwa nyama ndi chitetezo, koma mayesero a anthu asanayambe.
Kodi Kuthana ndi Kugonjera Kwachimuna Kwabambo Kumachitika Bwanji?
Pambuyo popatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo am'deralo, abambo amamuna amawombera mankhwala osokoneza bongo (omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Vasalgel) m'magazi ena onse (ma tubes amagwirizanitsa ma testes ku mbolo).
Pulosiyo imalumikiza kumakoma apakati a vas deferens ndipo imakhala yotsika kwambiri. Choncho pamene umuna wodula umuna umadutsa m'madzi a vas deferens, Vasalgel amawononga mchira wawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti umuna usathe kusambira kuti ufike ndi kuthira dzira.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti majekeseni olerera ana amatha kusintha mosavuta - zonse zimatengera kupangika kosavuta madzi ndi soda kutulutsa polima. Sizimasokoneza mtundu wa umuna. Ndiponso, kuwombera kukuwoneka kuti sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo.
Kodi Pali Njira Zina Zogwiritsira Ntchito Kugonana?
Pali njira zambiri zowonetsera kubereka kwa amuna zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha.
Mankhwala Ophwanya Amuna Amodzi: Bungwe la United Nations World Health Organization, University of California, Los Angeles, ndi Yunivesite ya Sydney onse adayeserapo mayesero kuti aphunzire zotsatira za majeremusi a testosterone pamasamba opanga umuna. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mahomoni a steroid (otchedwa androgens) awonetsedwa kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha umuna popanda kusintha kwa libido, kukwanitsa kupeza erection, ndi kukwaniritsa zolaula. Kugonana kwa amuna kumakhala pafupifupi 95%, kulibe zotsatira zochepa, ndipo ndizosinthika. Chosavuta chachikulu cha njirayi ndi chakuti zingathe kutenga miyezi 3-4 kuti ikhale yogwira mtima. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 67 peresenti ya amuna ayesedwa kuti chiwerengero chawo cha umuna chimafika pafupipafupi mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (pafupifupi amuna onse akufika pa msinkhu wokhawokha mkati mwa chaka).
Kafukufuku wina adafufuza kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoletsa kubereka ( Nexplanon ) ndi testosterone decanoate. Amuna analandira katemera wa testosterone masabata 4-6 onse. Zotsatirazo zasonyeza kuti njira yodzikongoletsera ya mahomoniyi inachepetsa kwambiri umuna wa umuna. Komanso, kuwerengera kwa umuna kunapitirira kwa chaka chimodzi.
- Gendarussa: Awa ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mayesero a kuchipatala ku Indonesia. Zomwe zachitika kuyambira 1985. Zimachokera ku chomera cha Justicia gendarussa ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zimapereka njira zowonjezera zowonjezera (monga piritsi ). Zimagwira ntchito polepheretsa muyeso wa umuna wa mutu wa umuna - izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya umuna kulowa mkati mwa dzira. Tsoka ilo, n'zovuta kupeza deta yosindikizidwa pa ntchito ya Gendarussa monga kulera kwa abambo, kotero ndi kovuta kufotokozera tsogolo la njira iyi.
- Epididymal Protease Inhibitor (Eppin): Eppin Pharma Inc. ikuyesera kukonza mapiritsi oletsa kubadwa kwa abambo omwe si a hormonal. Amati ndi njira yabwino yothetsera kubadwa kwa amuna, yowonjezera, komanso yochepa. Mimba imeneyi imagwirira ntchito pomanga thupi la umuna - kuchititsa umuna kutaya kuyenda kwawo. Maphunziro a zinyama zamakono achitidwa ndi a O'Rand Laboratory ku yunivesite ya North Carolina ndipo amasonyeza zotsatira zodalirika.
- Piritsi Yoyera: Iyi ndi njira yowonetsera kubadwa kwa amuna nthawi yomweyo kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko ku London. Zimalepheretsa kutsegula koma kumalowetsa kumverera kokhala ndi zolaula. Njira iyi yothandizira ana kubereka imakhalanso ndi mwayi wowonjezera kuchepetsa kufala kwa HIV pakati pa amuna ndi abwenzi. Amatchedwa mapiritsi Oyera chifukwa amasiya nyemba kuti zisatulutsidwe. Piritsi lachilomboli limatengedwa maola 2-3 musanayambe kugonana ndikukhala maola 16-24. Kukula kwa njira iyi yothandizira kubadwa kwa abambo kungatheke chifukwa cha ndalama. Kafukufuku wambiri amafunikira kuti pulogalamuyi isayambe kuyesa kafukufuku, kuyesa ndi kuvomereza.
Kodi Angagwiritse Ntchito Njira Zowononga Kubereka?
Amayi ambiri a ku America amagwiritsa ntchito njira zina zothandizira ana . Azimayi ambiri amadzimva ngati udindo wogwiritsira ntchito njira zowononga zimakhala makamaka pa iwo. Zingakhale zabwino ngati abambo ali ndi njira zambiri zothandizira kubereka. Izi zingakhale zotheka m'tsogolomu. Koma kafukufuku woletsa kubadwa kwa amuna ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo otukuka ambiri akusiya kuyesera kwawo kukhazikitsa njira zina zowonjezera kubereka chifukwa cha ndalama. Komanso, kufunitsitsa kwa amuna kugwiritsira ntchito mtundu watsopano wa kulera kwa amuna kumasiyana kwambiri pakati pa magulu a anthu. Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti amuna makumi asanu ndi awiri (49%) ku United States angakhale okonzeka kulingalira za njira zatsopano zothandizira abambo - koma 38% amasonyeza kuti sakudziwa ngati angagwiritse ntchito njira yatsopano, ndipo 12% adanena kuti osalingalira izo. Otsutsa abambo oyembekezera kubwereza kuti nthawi zambiri amuna amakana ndi kudandaula za kuvala makondomu. Amanena kuti ngati abambo akuchotsedwa ndi chinthu chosavuta kuti agwiritse ntchito kondomu , ndiye kuti amuna omwewo amavomereza kuti ali ndi jekeseni pamtundu wawo. Pamapeto pake, zosankha zina ndi zabwino nthawi zonse. Ndipo akazi ambiri sangafune kuti potsiriza athe kumasula zina zolemetsa za kugwiritsira ntchito kulera kwa amuna.
Zotsatira:
Amory JK, Page ST, Bremner WJ. "Kuzindikira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Kupitako patsogolo kwam'tsogolo kwa chiberekero cha amuna." Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipatala Zachilengedwe Mapeto a Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006; 2: 32-41. Inapezeka 2/25/16.
Brady DM et al. "Kafukufuku wamaphunziro ochuluka akufufuza zojambula za subcutaneous etonogestrel zomwe zimayambitsa testosterone decanoate monga njira yowonetsera mimba yaitali." Kubereka kwa Munthu . 2006; 21 (1): 285-294. Inapezeka 2/25/16.
Chaudhury K, Bhattacharyya AK, Guha SK. "Kufufuza pa nembanemba umphumphu wa umuna waumunthu umakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV koyambitsa matenda." Kubereka kwa Munthu . 2004; 19 (8): 1826-1830. Inapezeka 2/25/16.
Heinemann K et al. "Malingaliro okhudza kulamulira kwa abambo okubereka: zotsatira za kufufuza kwa mayiko osiyanasiyana m'mayiko anayi." Kubereka kwa Munthu . 2005; 20 (2): 549-556. Idapezeka kudzera mwachinsinsi.
O'Rand MG et al. "Imodzi yowonongeka yotchedwa immunocontraception yamphongo yamphongo imatetezedwa ndi Eppin." Sayansi , 2004; 306: 1189-1190. Idapezeka kudzera mwachinsinsi.