Kufufuza Kafukufuku pa Tsitsi-Mavuto a Dayi
Ngati tsitsi lanu likumva imvi, mukhoza kukhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a amayi achikulire-komanso limodzi la magawo khumi la amuna akuluakulu-omwe amasankha kuliphimba ndi mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amachokera ku zinthu zina zomwe zimachititsa kuti mdimawo usakhalenso tsitsi, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masabata atatu.
Kodi mankhwala awa ndi otetezeka bwanji?
Deta ina ya kafukufuku yanena kuti chiwerengero chapakati cha khansa ena pakati pa ovala tsitsi ndi ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndi anthu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito pakhomo. Maphunziro ena sanasonyeze chiyanjano.
Kodi Madontho a Tsitsi Amachititsa Khansa?
Mtundu wa Tsitsi : Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikhale zokalamba . Mankhwala osakhalitsa amatsukidwa mosavuta chifukwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chigawo chakunja, kapena cuticle, cha chitsulo cha tsitsi. Mitundu yosasunthika imalowa mkati ndipo imayambitsanso cuticle, yokhala ndi ma shamposi 6 mpaka 10. Dyes losatha ndilo lotchuka kwambiri, kupanga pafupifupi 80% pamsika. Amatha motalika kwambiri poika makompyuta achikasu mkati mwachitsulo cha tsitsi.
Kuda nkhawa : Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, kafukufuku wina adanena kuti ziwalo za tsitsi lalitali, kuphatikizapo zonunkhira zamadzi, zimayambitsa khansara pamtundu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri opanga mankhwalawa anachotsa izi zowonjezera mu 1980, kotero kuti madera a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi a National Cancer Institute mwachidule za kafukufuku wa zaumoyo pamatoto a tsitsi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa ngozi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kale, kapena pambuyo pake, chaka chino.
Mwamwayi, pakhala pali maphunziro owerengeka kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yomwe yakhazikitsa chiopsezo-kapena kusowa kwa chiopsezo - khansa yothandizidwa ndi tsitsi la tsitsi. Kuonjezera apo, kafufuzidwe kamene kaliko sikakhala nthawi zonse kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtundu wa dye (nthawi yosakhalitsa, yosasunthika, yosatha) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omvera ake kapena kawirikawiri yogwiritsira ntchito.
Munthu amawunikira mizu yochepa pamasabata angapo ali ndi chidziwitso chochulukirapo kuposa wina yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito kanthawi kochepa miyezi ingapo. Malo akuluakulu a kafufuzidwe amaphatikizapo khansa ya chikhodzodzo , mafuta ndi khansa ya magazi monga si-Hodgkin lymphoma ndi khansa ya m'magazi , ndi khansa ya m'mawere .
Kafukufuku wina apeza kugwirizana pakati pa dzira losatha ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo, makamaka pakati pa nthawi yayitali (zaka zoposa 15) ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kufufuza kwakukulu kwa Swedish Swedish kwa abambo ovala tsitsi la amuna ndi akazi okwana 45,000 sanapezeke kuwonjezeka kwa khansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Kafukufuku wina pa madayira ndi magazi komanso khansa ya m'mawere, monga sanali Hodgkin lymphoma ndi khansa ya m'magazi, wasonyeza zotsatira zotsutsana. Kuyambira chaka cha 2007, kafukufuku wazaka zinayi, omwe anaphatikizapo amayi oposa 10,000, anapeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mtundu wina wa mtundu wa non-Hodgkin lymphoma kunapezeka mwa amayi omwe anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa tsitsi pamaso pa 1980, kupatulapo kuwonjezeka kwa follicular lymphoma pakati pa akazi ogwiritsa ntchito utoto wakuda, amene anayamba kuyaka pambuyo pa 1980. Mitundu yakuda ili ndi amishonale ambiri odzola, omwe amapangidwa ndi gawo lopanda mitundu "lapakati" la utoto.
Palibe kugwirizana pakati pa dyes za tsitsi ndi khansa ya m'mawere zapezeka.
Ziphuphu za kubadwa : Pomwepo amai ambiri amafunsa za kuopsa kwa zolephereka kubadwa, kaya pogwiritsira ntchito kapena kuwonekera pamalo ogwira ntchito.
Maphunziro ena a zinyama asonyeza zowopsa - kapena vuto la kubadwa chifukwa chokhala ndi mlingo waukulu kwambiri. Palibe zilema zoberekera zomwe zakhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu, komabe chifukwa chakuti kuyamwa kwa mankhwala kudzera pakhungu kuli kochepa.
Komabe, pochita zinthu mosamala, madokotala pa Programme ya Motherisk ku Toronto ku Matenda a Ana Odwala amalimbikitsa amayi kuti azipaka tsitsi lawo mpaka atatu kapena anayi pa nthawi ya mimba. Kwa ovala tsitsi, pamene ali ndi pakati, amayiisk akulangizira kuvala magolovesi ndikugwira ntchito pamalo opumitsa mpweya osapitirira maola 35 pa sabata.
Chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsutsana za kafukufuku wa tsitsi ndi kansa, ambiri a FDA amapereka malangizo otsatirawa kuti aziteteza:
- Siyani utoto wa tsitsi pa zokhazokha zokhazikika.
- Valani magolovesi pamene mumeta tsitsi.
- Sakanizani scalp bwino ndi madzi mutatha kuyaka.
- Osakanikirana zosakaniza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsitsi.
- Pewani mavuto ena, monga kukhudzana ndi dermatitis kapena ubweya wa tsitsi , powatsatira malangizo onse a phukusi ndi machenjezo.
Zotsatira:
Angela Chua-Gocheco, Pina Bozzo, ndi Adrienne Einarson. "Kutetezedwa kwa mankhwala a tsitsi pa nthawi ya mimba: Kugwiritsa ntchito pawekha ndi ntchito . 2008; 54 (10): 1386-1388.
Bolt, HM, ndi Golka K. "Mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi khansa ya tsitsi losatha: Kuzindikira Kwatsopano." Zolemba Zowopsya mu Toxicology 2007. Vol. 37, No. 6: Masamba 521-536.
Dye wa Tsitsi ndi Otsitsimutsa Tsitsi. Dongosolo la US Food and Drug Administration: US Department of Health & Human Services Zowonetsera Zowonjezera.
Diso la tsitsi ndi ngozi ya khansa. Nthano Yachidziwitso ya National Cancer Institute.
Huncharek, M. Kupelnick, B. "Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala a Tsitsi Pamodzi ndi Kuopsa Kwa Khansa Yachikhodzodzo: Zotsatira za Meta-Analysis." Public Health Rep . 2005 Jan-Feb; 120 (1): 31-8.