Kugonana ndi Ntchito Zogonana Zimasiyana
Mafilimu a ku America amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za kugonana ndi kugulitsa kwa kugonana mosiyana. Koma kodi iwo ali chinthu chomwecho? Kufotokozera za kugonana kwa malonda, kawirikawiri kumachepetsedwa kuntchito yogonana, ndizomene zimamveka ngati kusinthana kwa kugonana kwa ndalama. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ntchito yomwe ingaganizidwe ngati kugonana. Izi zimaphatikizapo zonse kuchokera ku filimu yambiri yomwe ikuyesa kukakamiza uhule.
Ntchito izi zili ndi malamulo osiyana siyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko ndi dziko lapansi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kufotokozera za kugulitsa kwa kugonana ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito "kuumiriza, kukakamiza, kapena chinyengo" (Kutetezeka Kwabanja). Kugulitsa kwa kugonana ndi gawo la malonda a anthu, ndipo mu 2000, bungwe la United Nations General Assembly linalongosola malonda a anthu monga
"Kulemba ntchito, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu, kusamutsa, kusunga kapena kulandira anthu, mwa kuopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kuumirizidwa kwina, kubwezeredwa, chinyengo, chinyengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika kapena malo otetezeka kapena za kupereka kapena kulandira kwa malipiro kapena zopindulitsa kuti munthu akwaniritse chilolezo cha munthu wina, kuti agwiritse ntchito molakwika. Kugwiritsa ntchito poyesa kukuphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito uhule wa ena kapena njira zina zogwirira ntchito. .. "
Kodi kugonana ndi ntchito yogonana ndizofanana?
Anthu ambiri amanena kuti kugonana ndi ntchito yogonana ndi chinthu chomwecho.
Mtsutso uwu umachokera ku lingaliro lakuti ntchito yonse ya kugonana ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi lingaliro limenelo ndi lolondola? Pali antchito ambiri ogonana omwe anganene kuti ayi.
Ntchito zambiri zachiwerewere mosakayikira zimagwiritsira ntchito. Ntchito iliyonse yogonana yokhudza ana ndi yovuta kwambiri. Chomwecho ndi ntchito yogonana yomwe imaphatikizapo chinyengo kapena kukakamiza.
Funso ndilo ngati n'zotheka kuti akuluakulu asankhe zochita zogonana, popanda kuumirizidwa kapena kuopsezedwa. Ngati yankho ndilo inde, sikuti ntchito zonse zogonana ndizogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo sikuti kugonana konse ndiko kugulitsa.
Mtsutso uwu ukupitirira, ku United States ndi kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Iyi si nkhani ya semantics. Njira yomwe ntchito yogonana imaganiziramo imakhudza mphamvu za maboma ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo kuti azisamalira anthu ogwira ntchito yogonana. Kuvomereza kuti ntchito yogonana ikhoza kukhala yowonjezereka kungachititse kuti zikhale zovuta kutsutsa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ogonana nawo ntchito.
Komano, zimapereka malamulo othandizira komanso otetezera monga chithandizo chaumoyo kuti aperekedwe kwa ogonana. Kuonjezera apo, kulengeza kuti ntchito zonse zogonana ndizochita zotsutsana ndikukana antchito ogonana omwe asankha ntchitoyi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zenizeni ndizofunikira kwambiri mmoyo wa ogwira ntchito yogonana kusiyana ndi antchito awo enieni.
Ntchito Yogonana, Kukhazikika, ndi Kumvetsetsa Chivomerezo
Kodi zikutanthauzanji kuti anthu adziwe kuti si ntchito zonse zogonana ndi zofanana ndi kugulitsa kugonana? Kutanthauza, choyamba, kuvomereza kuti ogwira ntchito ena ogonana ndi akuluakulu omwe asankha kuchita ntchito zawo.
Zingakakamize pamenepo kuti akambirane zambiri zokhudza ziwawa zomwe zimachitika pamene ntchito yogonana imayendetsedwa pansi.
Chodabwitsa, kuyesa kupulumutsa akazi ku malonda ogonana kawirikawiri kumayambitsa kupondereza ufulu wogwira ntchito za kugonana. Pakalipano pali mayiko angapo omwe amavomereza kuti apolisi azigonana ndi ogonana asanamange. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku ndi olamulira kumapangitsa kuti anthu onse ogonana azikhala ozunzidwa omwe amafunika kutetezedwa. M'malo mwake, zikusonyeza kuti tanthawuzo la kugonana limagwira ntchito ngati malonda ndi njira yopangira chikhalidwe cha anthu ogonana ndi kuwasunga.
Zimapangitsanso ogwira ntchito za kugonana kuti azitha kuchitidwa nkhanza ndi akuluakulu a boma omwe angayambe kuopseza kuti amangidwa chifukwa chosowa kutsatira.
Ntchito Yogonana ndi Umoyo Wathanzi
Kuphwanya malamulo a kugonana kungayambitsenso mavuto a umoyo. Mayiko ena athandizira kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo opatsirana pogonana ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito kondomu . Komabe, ku United States, pali malamulo omwe amangotenga kondomu yambirimbiri ngati umboni wa kuchita uhule. Lamulo limeneli limapangitsa kukhala kovuta kwa ogwira ntchito kugonana kuti ateteze okha komanso anzawo. Ngakhale zipatala zachipatala zimapangitsa kuti makondomu asapezeke mosavuta , ena mwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu komanso omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri akuwopa kunyamula makondomu kuti asawone kuti akufuna kuchita nawo ntchito yogonana. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana pakati pa ogonana, makasitomala awo, ndi anzawo.
Amene amakhulupirira kuti ntchito zonse zogonana zimaphatikizapo kugulitsa angayambe kukayikira njira zomwe ntchito yogonana imachitira chilango. Ku United States, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi ogwira ntchito yogonana omwe amalandira chilango choposa chilango kuposa omwe angawagwiritse ntchito-kaya ndi makasitomala awo kapena othandizira awo.
Kugonjetsa ntchito yogonana, Kugonana, ndi kugonana
Podziwa kuti pangakhale kusiyana pakati pa ntchito yogonana ndi malonda ogonana kungatipangitse kuti tisinthe njira zomwe tikulankhulira za kugonana. Ngati anthu angasankhe ntchito yogonana, zimatikakamiza tonsefe kuvomereza kuti kugonana ndichonso kusankha. Zimatipangitsa ife kulingalira ngati kugonana ndi chinthu chomwe ife tikufuna kuchita. Zimatikumbutsa kuvomereza zomwe timapeza kuchokera kugonana-kaya kugwirizana, chitetezo, kapena denga pamwamba pa mitu yathu. Zimatikakamiza kuvomereza kuti anthu amagonana pazifukwa zosiyana ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe sitingakonde kapena kuzivomereza.
> Zotsatira:
> Anderson S, Shannon K, Li J, Lee Y, Chettiar J, Goldenberg S, Krüsi A. Ma kondomu ndi maphunziro a zaumoyo monga umboni: zotsatira za kuchitidwa chiwerewere ku malo oitanidwa ndi otsogolera ogwira ntchito yogonana ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kudziko lina kuti athetse HIV / matenda opatsirana pogonana. mu malo a Canada. Bungwe la BMC Int Health Human Hum. 2016 Nov 17; 16 (1): 30.
> Jana S, Dey B, Reza-Paul S, Steen R. Kulimbana ndi kugulitsa kwa anthu pa malonda a kugonana: kodi ogonana angathe kuchita bwino? J Zaumoyo (Oxf). 2014 Dec; 36 (4): 622-8.
> Meshkovska B, Siegel M, Stutterheim SE, Bos AE. Kugonana kwachiwerewere: Zokambirana zapabanja, mikangano yamakono, ndi kutsogolo kwa mtsogolo. J Sex Res. 2015; 52 (4): 380-95.
> UN. Pulogalamu yowononga, kuletsa ndi kulanga malonda kwa anthu, makamaka akazi ndi ana, kuphatikiza msonkhano wa United Nations wotsutsana ndi upandu wadziko lonse. Chisankho cha 55/25 cha Msonkhano Wonse. New York, NY, United Nations General Assembly, 2000.
> Wurth MH, Schleifer R, McLemore M, Todrys KW, Amoni JJ. Makondomu monga umboni wa uhule ku United States komanso kuwononga ntchito za kugonana. J Int AIDS Soc. 2013 May 24; 16: 18626.