Lamulo la ku Texas Limalimbikitsa Kusadziletsa Maphunziro Kumbuyo Kwambiri
Pa March 31, 2015, akuluakulu a boma ku Texas adavota kwambiri kuti asinthe ndalama zokwana madola 3 miliyoni pa ndalama kuchokera ku mapulojekiti ake owonetsetsa kachirombo ka HIV . Chiyerocho, makamaka chimagawanika pamagulu a chipani mu Nyumba ya Republican-controlled, chiopsezo-komanso nthawi zina zapadera kuchokera kwa otsutsana ndi mademokalase.
Ngakhale kuvomereza kuti Texas ili ndi chiwerengero chachitatu cha matenda opatsirana pogonana m'dzikolo, komanso chiwerengero chachisanu cha amayi omwe ali ndi mimba yocheperapo pakati pa achinyamata, Republican State Representative Stuart Spitzer adatetezera muyeso pofotokoza kuti "Cholinga chake ndi chakuti aliyense azidziletsa mpaka atakwatirana . "
Mtsogoleri wa Democrat Harold Dutton anawerengera pofunsa mafunso a Spitzer pazinthu zake za kudziletsa, zomwe Spitzer adalengeza kuti anali "namwali pamene adakwatiwa ali ndi zaka 29."
Kusinthanitsa kwakukulu ku Nyumba ya Texas kunagogomezera chikhalidwe chokhalira kukangana, komwe kawirikawiri kumapangitsa sayansi kutsutsa zikhulupiriro zaumwini ndi / kapena za makhalidwe.
Ndizochitika zomwe zakhala zikuchitika nthawi zambiri panthawi ya HIV mbiri , zonsezi pano ndi kunja, ndipo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zokhudzana ndi kugonana kapena kupeŵa kachilombo ka HIV. Powonjezereka, njirayi imakhala yosiyana kwambiri.
Mbiri Yakale Yodziletsa Yophunzira kuchokera ku HIV / Edzi
Kuganizira kwambiri zapadera kunayambira pa zaka za m'ma 2000, ndipo mayiko ambiri amalandira njira yotchedwa "ABC" (kapena Abstinence / Be Faithful / Condomise) njira yopewera HIV. Chiwerengerochi chinakumbidwa panthaŵi imene mayiko omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adakali akadakalipo m'mayiko otukuka, ndipo ochepa chabe odwala ocheperapo 3 miliyoni pofika mu 2005-anali osamalidwa.
M'mayiko ena monga South Africa, omwe amatsutsa ndondomeko ya dzikoli potsata ndondomeko zotsutsa za Pulezidenti Thabo Mbeki , ABC nthawi zambiri inkawonedwa kuti ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe boma limayendera-ngakhale momwe chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matendawa chinayambira Anthu asanu a ku South Africa anali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Panthaŵiyi, United States, pansi pa Pulezidenti wa Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , inathandiza pulogalamu yosiya kudziletsa, panthawi imodzi yomwe ikuwongolera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zothandizira kuti azipewa kudziletsa.
Uganda inali imodzi mwa mayiko a ku Africa kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake. Ngakhale kuti anali atapambana kwambiri, poyambanso kuthana ndi vuto la AIDS kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 / kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1990, dzikoli, motsogoleredwa ndi Purezidenti Yoweri Museveni, linayamba kuthetsa ma ABC mwa kuchotsa makondomu ku zokambirana.
Museveni mwiniyo adatsutsa makondomu ngati "osayenera" kwa a Uganda, pomwe bungwe la Human Rights Watch la United States linanena kuti kufalikira kwa chidziwitso cha HIV / AIDS kuchokera ku sukulu ya pulayimale, komanso zipangizo zam'sukulu zam'chipatala zomwe zinalongosola kugonana asanakwatirane monga "kuthawa" ndipo anandiuza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakhoza kulowa mosavuta makondomu a latex.
Ndalama za US zopangira kudziletsa - ndi zokhulupilika zozikidwa m'madera a kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa zinapitilira mu 2008, zonyamula madola 1.3 biliyoni.
Zotsatira za Kusadziletsa ndi Mapulogalamu Okhulupirika
Mu 2015, ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Stanford adafufuza kuti adziwe momwe chikhalidwe cha kugonana chisanayambe komanso pambuyo potsatira malamulo a PEPFAR anakhazikitsidwa mu 2004.
Anayang'ana pa mayiko 14 apamwamba kwambiri m'mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa komwe mipingo ikuluikulu inkafuna kuti 33% ya ndalama zopewera PEPFAR zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ABC. Zomwezo zinali zofanana ndi mayiko asanu ndi atatu a ku Africa kumene ndalama za PEPFAR sizinkaletsa malamulo kapena njira zothandizira.
Kufufuzako kunatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa chaka ndi chaka pa khalidwe la kugonana monga momwe tanenera
- Chiwerengero cha ogonana nawo chaka chatha cha abambo ndi amai
- Zaka zoyamba kugonana amuna ndi akazi
- Mimba yazimayi ya atsikana
Palibe zotsatira zopezeka, kutsogolera ochita kafukufuku kuti afotokoze "kufunika kofufuza njira zina zoperekera ndalama zothandizira PEPFAR kuti zitha kuchepetsa kachirombo ka HIV m'madera akummwera kwa Sahara."
Kupenda kwa 2006 kwa malamulo a US a Schoolman of Public Medicine ku Columbia University inanena kuti mapulogalamu okhawo a maphunziro odziletsa okha, monga momwe boma likufunira, anali "ovuta makhalidwe, potsutsa mfundo ndi kulimbikitsa maganizo okayikitsa ndi osalungama ... (ndikuopseza) ufulu wachibadwidwe wa umoyo, umphawi, ndi moyo. "
Mtsutso Wopanda Kudziletsa M'Sukulu
Zinalembedwa mu May 2015 kuti Chigawo cha Sukulu ya Crane Independent ku East Texas (kumwera chakumwera kwa Odessa) chapeza milandu 20 ya chlamydia , matenda opatsirana pogonana, pakati pa ophunzira. Kuphulika kumene, komwe bungwe la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limatchulidwa kuti "lokhazikika," linanenanso kuti 6% mwa ophunzira a sekondale m'derali-pafupifupi mmodzi mwa khumi ndi mmodzi-adalandira chithandizo cha chlamydia.
DS Rumage, yemwe ndi mkulu wa chigawo cha Sukulu, adayankha mlandu wake payekha pokhapokha atanena kuti "sizimagwira ntchito" poonjezera kuti "ndi udindo wa makolo kuphunzitsa ana awo pankhani za kugonana."
Pambuyo pake, komiti ya sukulu inavomereza kuti ayambe maphunziro a kugonana kusukulu ya sekondale.
Zomwe zinawoneka ku Gulu la Chipani cha Crane Independent sizinali zachilendo. Kuwonetsa kwa 2011 kwa maphunziro osungira-okha ochokera ku yunivesite ya Georgia kunatsimikizira kuti "kunyalanyaza kwakukulu kudakali kutsindika mulamulo la boma, kukhala ndi mimba yocheperapo pakati pa atsikana ndi kubereka."
Mosiyana ndi izi, kugonana kwakukulu komanso maphunziro a HIV / STD -omwe nthawi zambiri ankaphatikizapo kudziletsa monga njira yothetsera khalidwe-yofanana ndi chiwerengero cha amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe amachotsa mimba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, adatero ochita kafukufuku.
Izi zikusonyeza kuti kudziletsa ngati gawo la zokambirana sizolondola koma kuti mapulogalamu okhawo amatha kukhala, mwa mawu a olemba, "kulimbikitsa khalidwe lodziletsa kupyolera mu malingaliro, monga malingaliro achikondi a ukwati, kukonda, kuopa matenda opatsirana pogonana, ndi kufalitsa uthenga wosalondola wa sayansi. "
Kaya oimira a Spitzer amanena kuti kudziletsa mpaka kukwatirana ndi njira yabwino yothetsera HIV / STD ndi zovuta kwambiri. Msonkhano wa bajeti wa State Senate ukhoza kusankha pamapeto pa chiyesocho, ngakhale kuti ena akuopa kuti Seneti yomwe ikulamulidwa ndi Republican iyenera kuthandiza ena, ngati si onse, pa ndondomeko ya Nyumbayi.
Kuyesera mu Gawo la 84 la Malamulo ku Texas kuti likhale lopanda malire lalikulu kwambiri la malamulo oletsa kudziletsa anagonjetsedwa, kuphatikizapo:
- Nyumba Bill 467 , yomwe imachotsa chilankhulo chosonyeza kuti kugonana musanalowe m'banja kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kwamaganizo ndi thupi (FAILED).
- Nyumba Bill 78 , yomwe ikanaonetsetsa kuti maphunziro a kugonana akhale owona bwino komanso ogwira ntchito molondola ndi kuphatikizapo mfundo zoyenera zokhudzana ndi mimba ndi kupewa matenda omwe amavomereza ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FAILED).
- Bungwe la Senate Bill 88 , lomwe likanafuna kuti maphunziro a zaumoyo akusukulu a boma aphatikizepo zowonjezereka za njira za kulera ndi kupewa matenda opatsirana pogonana kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kudziletsa (FAILED).
- Senate Bill 300 , yomwe ikanafuna madera a sukulu kuti awadziwitse makolo ngati chigawochi chimaphunzitsa kudziletsa-maphunziro okha kapena kuphatikizapo kudziwa za kulera pa maphunziro a phunziro la kugonana (FAILED).
Zotsatira:
ABC Eyewitness News. "Kuyeza kwa Texas Kumapereka Ndalama za HIV kumalimbitsa maphunziro a kudziletsa." Lofalitsidwa pa April 1, 2015.
Daily Times Express. "Kodi Sukulu Yopanda Kugonana ku Texas Imapangitsa Kuti Kuphulika kwa Chlamydia Kukule?" Lofalitsidwa May 6, 2015.
Onani, N .; Lowe, A .; ndi Bendavid. E. "Zotsatira za PEPFAR Kudziletsa ndi Kukhulupirika Kupereka Zowonjezera pa Zopangira Zowopsa kwa HIV ku Africa ya Kummwera kwa Sahara." Msonkhano wa Retroviruses ndi Matenda Opondereza (CROI); February 23-26, 2015; Seattle, Washington; chosamveka 160.
Santelli, J ;; Ott, M ;; Lyon, M .; et al. "Kudziletsa ndi kudziletsa-maphunziro okha: Kupenda ndondomeko ndi mapulogalamu a US." Journal of Health Adolescent. January 2006; 38 (1): 72-81.
Msonkhano wa Texas wakuletsa Kuteteza mimba. "Gawo la 84 la Malamulo a Texas." Idapezeka pa June 27, 2016.