Zomwe Zachibadwa ndi Zomwe Zikhoza Kuyika Matenda
Zithunzi zina, monga bondo, zimakhala zachilendo. Koma zina ndizosazolowereka ndipo zikhoza kusonyeza matenda. Nthaŵi zina, kusakhala kovuta kungasonyeze kuti chinachake chingakhale cholakwika. Phunzirani zambiri za zozizwitsa zazikulu za thupi ndi zomwe akuwonetsa za thanzi lanu.
Kodi Maganizo Ndi Otani?
Chimodzimodzinso ndi njira imodzi yomwe thupi limayang'anira ntchito zovuta monga kuima molunjika popanda kudalira mbali yeniyeni ya ubongo.
Maganizo ambiri sasowa kuti alowe mu ubongo konse koma angathe kusamaliridwa kwathunthu mu msana.
Reflex wodziwika bwino ndi bondo: pamene dokotala akugwera pa thambo pansi pa bondo lanu ndi nyundo yosasintha ndipo mwendowo umatuluka. Chotsitsimutsa (nyundo) chimakhala ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi mitsempha yothamangira msana. Kuchokera pamtsempha wa msana, yankho limatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kudzera mu mitsempha yamagalimoto, zomwe zimabweretsa kukankha. Kuyankhulana uku-kuchokera ku mitsempha yokhudzana ndi msana wa msana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto (kuthamanga) mitsempha (popanda kupita ku ubongo) -womwe umadziwika ngati mpikisano wokongola.
Zowonongeka ndi Mavuto Ovuta (Osadziwika)
Maganizo ambiri ndi achilendo. Mwachitsanzo, kugwa kwa mawondo kumakhala kosavuta komanso kusakhala kosavuta kumakhala kosazolowereka. Maganizo ambiri ali obadwa mwa mwana wakhanda kapena mwana wamng'ono koma sangakhale achilendo ngati atapezeka mwa munthu wamkulu. Maganizo ena akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda komanso amapezeka nthawi zambiri anthu abwinobwino popanda vuto la mitsempha.
Zikatero, kukhalapo kwa reflex kuyenera kuyesedwa ndi zotsatira zina kuti mudziwe ngati pali vuto.
Maganizo Ovuta
Thupi limatha kukhala ndi refletic plethora. Yang'anirani zina zazing'ono zodziwika, zovuta-koma zowoneka bwino za thupi, pansipa.
Maganizo a Babinski: Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndizomwe angayesere ndizobambo la Babinski. Mu kafukufukuyu, katswiri wa zamagulu amatsuka pansi pa phazi lako ndi chinachake chokwiyitsa. Mwa munthu wamkulu, zala zazing'ono zimawombera pansi. Komabe, kwa ana, mpaka pafupi ndi zaka ziwiri, komanso akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ubongo kapena kuvulala kwa msana, zam'manja mmalo mwake zimakwera. Kwa akuluakulu, izi zingawononge vuto monga stroke , chifuwa cha ubongo, meningitis, kapena kuvulala kwa msana.
Maganizo a chithunzithunzi: Kukonzekera kwa chimbudzi ndi ubongo wachinyamata umene umataya ndi msinkhu, koma ukhoza kubwerera ngati ubongo wamkati uli woonongeka. Dokotala amamwa mopepuka pamlomo wanu wam'mwamba ndi milomo yanu yokhala pamodzi ndikuyang'ana yankho. Yankho lomwe silofala kwa akuluakulu (koma mwachibadwa kwa makanda) ndi kukhala ndi milomo ya milomo, kuoneka ngati chithunzithunzi cha nkhumba. Zikhoza kusagwirizana (kumbali imodzi) kapena kumbali zonse (mbali zonse ziwiri). Kwa munthu wamkulu, yankho limeneli nthawi zambiri limawonetsa vuto loyang'ana kutsogolo monga kutsogolo koyambako kapenanso kupweteka kwapakhomo .
Chizindikiro cha glabellar (chizindikiro cha Myerson): Malo omwe ali pamwamba pa mphuno pamphumi ndi pakati pa maso otchedwa glabella. Atagwedezedwa pa glabella, anthu ambiri amawomba. Kawirikawiri anthu amasiya kugwedeza pambuyo pa matepi angapo, koma ngati kugwedeza kukupitirira, imatchedwa chizindikiro cha Myerson, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatanthauza kuti pali ubongo wosadziwika. Maganizo amenewa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson .
Reflexing reflex: The reflux palomental imayesedwa mwa kukwatulira chikhatho cha dzanja ndi kuyang'ana kuti muwone ngati chiguduli chikugwedezeka. Izi ndizosamvetsetseka zomwe zingasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Zikhoza kukhalapo kuchokera kwa kubadwa (kubereka) kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome komanso amawonanso kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's . Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osokoneza bongo, reflexental reflex imasonyeza kuti pangakhale kuwonongeka kwa ubongo wamkati. Komabe, izi zimakhalapo mwa anthu omwe alibe matenda (omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino).
Reflex anal: The reflex anal angathenso kutchedwa anal wink, perineal reflex, kapena reflex maganizo. Ndizosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kulephera kwa izi kumatanthauza matenda. Ngati kusagwirizana uku kulibe, kungakhale chizindikiro cha msana wamtundu umene umakhudza mitsempha yochuluka (mitsempha yeniyeni pa S2 mpaka S4.)
Reflex cremasteric: Reflex cremasteric imalimbikitsidwa ndi kudula pang'ono mkati mwa ntchafu. Kwa amuna, izi zimayambitsa minofu ya cremaster kuti igwirizane ndi mayesero kuti akweze. Izi zimatha kupezeka pazifukwa zambiri, monga kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena msana wam'mimba (mavuto apamwamba ndi apansi a mpweya) kapena mavuto osagwirizana ndi mitsempha monga testicular torsion .
Clonus: Clonus ndizovuta kwambiri. Ikhoza kukhala chikhalidwe, chokha, kapena chingayambidwe ndi vuto lina. Madokotala amayesa kuganizira izi mwa kusuntha phazi mwanjira inayake. Ngati wodwala akuyankha kuti ali ndi mtundu wobwerezabwereza wa minofu, momwe amachitiramo kusinthasintha mofulumira kwa mphindi zingapo, zomwe zingakhale chizindikiro cha ubongo kapena msana. Chinthu chimodzi kapena chochepa chingakhale chachilendo, koma ngati chikupitirira kwa kanthawi, izi zingakhale zogwirizana. Izi zimakhala chizindikiro cha matenda apamwamba otchedwa neuron disorder monga Huntington's chorea , chifuwa cha ubongo , meningitis, kapena kuvulala kwa msana. Clonus amatha kuwonanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a serotonin, omwe amadziwika ndi mankhwala owonjezera a serotonin ndipo nthawi zina amawoneka mwa anthu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Reflex ya Hoffman : Reflex ya Hoffman imayesedwa pang'onopang'ono pakati kapena pakhomo ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kuti awone ngati chinsalu chimagwedeza. Maganizo amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi anthu abwinobwino, koma ngati cholimba chimakhala cholimba kumbali imodzi ya thupi kusiyana ndi chimzake, chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda a ubongo. Zithunzizi zimadziwikanso ngati kusintha kwa mano. Reflex ya Hoffman yomwe ili ndi mphamvu pambali imodzi ya thupi nthawi zambiri imasonyeza kuvulala kapena kusalongosoka pamwamba pa msinkhu wa C5 mpaka C6 mu msana wa msana. Zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha multiple sclerosis (MS) , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (yomwe imatchedwanso kuti matenda a Lou Gehrig), nyamakazi ya m'mimba, myelitis, kapena chotupa (kuwonongeka paliponse pambali ya corticospinal kapena pyramidal tract). Maganizo angapangidwe ndi anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa kapena hyperthyroidism . Madokotala amayamba kuganiza kuti zowona ndi zolondola kuposa kuunika kwa thupi, koma izi zingakhale zosiyana. Mu kafukufuku wina, anapeza kuti Hoffman's reflex inali yolondola kwambiri kuposa MRI pofuna kupeza njira yoyamba yopweteka.
Zokhumudwitsa Zimakhala Zambiri
Minofu iliyonse ikhoza kuyesedwa kuti ikhale yovuta malinga ngati pali njira yopezeka. Kuwonjezera pa zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, pali zambiri zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira thupi - zenizeni, zosawerengeka mosavuta. Maganizo amenewa angapereke zothandiza kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo omwe akuyesera kudziwa ngati pali vuto ndi ndondomeko ya manjenje. Pangani chiwonetsero ndi dokotala wanu kuti muwone ngati mukuwona chilichonse chokhudzidwa.
> Zotsatira:
> Dulani. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 10e. Np: McGraw-Hill, 2014. Print.