Kodi Amuna Achifuwa Amayang'ana Bwanji Monga Mamemogram?
Anthu ambiri amapanga mafilimu awo, koma kodi mumadziwa zomwe akatswiri a radiologist akufufuza pazithunzizi? Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kusiyana pakati pa minofu yachibadwa, tizilombo ta fibrocystic, ndi kansa ya m'mawere m'mithunzi izi?
Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi zomwe mungathe kuziwerenga mu lipoti lanu, komanso chifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ngati vutoli ndilovuta kapena popanda mayeso ena monga bere la ultrasound, bere MRI, kapena chifuwa cha m'mawere.
1 -
Matenda Achibadwa Achibelewere pa MammogramAzimayi ambiri adzakhala ndi mamembala awo oyambirira pafupi ndi zaka 40, ndipo izi zingakhale ngati maziko abwino omwe mungafanane nawo mafano anu m'tsogolomu.
Pali ziwerengero zosiyana siyana zothandizira khansa ya m'mawere, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi bungwe lopanga malingaliro. American College of Obstetrics ndi Gynecology imalimbikitsa kuyang'aniridwa chaka ndi chaka kuyambira ali ndi zaka 40. American Cancer Society imalimbikitsa mamuna pakati pa zaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 54, ndipo bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force limalimbikitsa mammograms chaka chilichonse pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 74. "Chosankha chabwino" kwa inu ndi chomwe inu ndi dokotala wanu mumasankha pazomwe mumayambitsa ziopsezo ndi zofuna zanu.
Kukhala ndi mammogram yoyambira mosasamala kanthu kawirikawiri ya mammograms anu ndi othandiza kwambiri. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawere a mkazi akhoza kusintha, makamaka atabereka, kutsata chifuwa cha m'mawere, kapena ndi ma implants. Si zachilendo kupeza mabala, mabala, mabala, ma calcifications, kapena minofu yambiri.
Mammograms amathandiza pakuzindikira koyamba ndi kuyang'ana khansa ya m'mawere. Malo akuda ndi oyera pa chifaniziro cha mammogram akufanana ndi minofu yambiri yamatenda ndi minofu ya chifuwa ndi mazira ndi lobes, motero. Misa yamatumbo idzawoneka yoyera chifukwa ndi yovuta kuposa zina zomwe ziri m'mimba.
Chifanizochi ndi mammogram a chifuwa chodziwika bwino, monga amayi achikulire, omwe alibe minofu yambiri. Mamemografia kufunafuna zilonda zosadziwika, zilonda zapakhosi, kapenanso khansa ya m'mawere ndi yolondola kwambiri pochita akazi omwe ali ndi mabere osakhala wamba, kawirikawiri akazi achikulire.
2 -
Matenda Achimake Okhazikika Amtundu wa MammogramAtsikana, makamaka omwe alibe ana, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi minofu yambiri komanso yolimba. Chifuwa cholimba chimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha mammographic chikhale chovuta kuziwerenga. Zipangizo zamakono zingasinthidwe ku chithunzi cholimba kapena minofu, koma mamimba amaonedwa kuti ndi olondola kwambiri pa mafuta ndi akazi achikulire.
Chithunzi cha mammogram chikuwonetsa maonekedwe awiri a mabere wamba. Malo amdima ndi minofu yambiri, malo owala ndi minofu yowopsya yomwe imakhala ndi mazira, lobes, ndi zina. Malo owala a mammogram amasonyeza mitsempha ya m'mawere yomwe ingakhale yonyansa (mbali ya mkaka) kapena mawere.
Azimayi a Premenopausal, makamaka amayi amene sanaberekepo, akhoza kukhala ndi minofu yambiri ya m'mawere. Chifukwa mawere amphongo ndi ophweka kwa mammogram kuti awone, minofu yambiri yamatumbo nthawi zina imatha kufotokoza ndondomeko za malo omwe amafunikira kuphunzira mozama. Ngati malo ena amafunikira chithunzi chabwino, bere la ultrasound ndilo sitepe yotsatira.
Kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi mbiri yolimba ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere, kapena omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi kusintha kwa chibadwa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo, bere la MRI nthawi zina limapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri pamene minofu yamphongo ilipo.
3 -
Zizindikiro za Amtenda pa MammogramMu chithunzi cha mammogram, malo amdima ndi minofu yambiri ya mawere ndipo malo owala kwambiri ndi minofu yowopsya. Mawanga oyera ndi mawerengedwe, omwe amasonyezedwa ndi mivi yofiira. Kuwerengera kwa m'mawere kumayendedwe kake, monga calcification imapezeka pambali ya mkaka wa m'mawere. Izi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zachilendo, koma sizingatheke.
Zokwanira zazing'ono ndizochepa za calcium zomwe zingasonyeze mu masango kapena muzithunzi (monga mabwalo) ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yowonjezera ya maselo mu minofu ya m'mawere. Kawirikawiri, kuwonjezeka kwa selo sikumayambitsa khansa, koma nthawi zina magulu akuluakulu a zochepa zingakhale chizindikiro chenichenjezo cha maselo osamalitsa. Makhalidwe ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha minofu yowopsa .
Pankhaniyi, mayiyu analangizidwa kuti azikhala ndi mamemogram yotsatira pakatha miyezi itatu kuti afanizire. Ngati mkazi ali ndi mtanda wogwirizanitsa ndi mawerengedwe, komabe kuyesedwa kofunikira kukufunika.
4 -
Matenda a Chiberekero Amtundu wa MamimbaMankhwala otchedwa fibroadenoma kapena cyst ali ndi mawere omwe amatha kuoneka m'matumbo a fibrocystic. Izi zingawonekere zokha, kapena magulu, ndipo zimapezeka pa mammograms akuwonekera ngati misala. Mammograph iyi imasonyeza malo okhuthala omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa fibrocystic . Mukhozanso kuona madontho ena, mwa njira zomwe amapanga.
Kusintha kwachibadwa kwa fibrocystic m'mawere anu kungakhudzidwe ndi kusinthasintha kwa mahomoni kamodzi kokha komwe kumatha kuchepa. Pafupifupi theka la amayi onse amawona kusintha kwa fibrocystic m'mabere mwawo, makamaka pa zaka zawo zachonde.
Fibrocystic isintha m'mimba nthawi zambiri sichizindikiro cha matenda ndipo safuna mankhwala. Kusintha uku nthawi zina kumachititsa kupweteka kwa m'mawere ndi kupweteka , choncho ngati izi zimakhala zovuta, pitani kwa dokotala kuti akuthandizeni.
Ngati kusalongosoka kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi khungu, bere la ultrasound limakhala likuchitidwa kuti liwonetsetse kuti ilo ndi chifuwa m'malo molimba kwambiri. Ndi chitsimikizo cha ultrasound, katswiri wa zamagetsi akhoza kuyika singano mu mpweya kuti awuthe, ndipo chiphuphu chidzachoka pa ultrasound.
5 -
Matenda a Chifuwa pa MammogramMammografia imeneyi imasonyeza malo amdima omwe amawoneka bwino. Malo owala ndi minofu yambiri yamphongo yomwe imaphatikizapo mazira ndi lobes. Malo oyera kwambiri ndi otsika kwambiri, akuwonetsa chotupa cha khansa , chomwe chimasonyezedwa ndi muvi wofiira m'mphepete mwa kumanja kwa chithunzichi.
Chotupa cha khansa m'matumbo chimapangidwa ndi unyinji wa maselo a kansa omwe akukula mu njira yodetsa, yosadzitetezedwa. Chotupachi chingapangitse minofu yoyandikana nayo, kapena ikhoza kuyambitsa maselo m'magazi kapena minofu. Ngati maselo otupa amatha kupita kunja kwa tsamba loyambirira ndi kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, zimatengedwa ngati khansa ya m'mawere.
Chotupa cha m'mawere nthawi zambiri amafuna kuchipatala ndi opaleshoni ndipo angafune mankhwala a chemotherapy, ma radiation, mankhwala ochiritsira, komanso mankhwala ophera mahomoni. Pamene chifuwa cha m'mawere chikupezeka kumayambiriro kwa khansa ya m'mawere, ndibwino kuti athe kuchiritsidwa bwino, kuteteza kufalikira kwake kapena kubwereza.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale kusintha kukuwoneka ngati khansara pamimba, pali kusintha kwa m'mawere kumatenda komwe kumatsanzira khansa ya m'mawere . Izi zikachitika, kufotokozera kwina, komanso kawirikawiri kumakhala kovuta, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati ndi khansara kapena ayi.
6 -
Kupatsa Amatenda pa MammogramMankhwalawa amasonyeza malingaliro awiri a m'mawere motsatira mastectomy ndi kumanganso ndi chifuwa cha silicone. Mayi uyu anali atapatsidwa chithandizo chamtundu wa khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa carcinoma . Mammograms atengedwa pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ya m'mawere ndi mayesero ofunika kuwunika. Palibe umboni wa khansa ya m'mawere mu zithunzi izi.
Mammograms akhoza kuchitidwa pa mawere a m'mawere ngati kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kochepa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyana ndi zomwe zimafunikira pa chibadwa cha m'mawere. Mu mawonedwe awiriwa a kubwezeretsa mkaka uyu, kuyika kwake kumawoneka ngati malo owala, osalala. Kuyika kumeneku kumaikidwa m'thumba la khoma la chifuwa. Khoma la chifuwa la chifuwa likuwonekera ngati malo amdima omwe ali kunja kwina.
Onani kuti mawonekedwe a pamwamba, otchedwa cranial-caudal view, amasonyeza malo ang'onoang'ono kusiyana ndi malingaliro owonetsera, otchedwa mediolateral. Kukhala ndi malingaliro awiriwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri madokotala kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino.
7 -
Mamemogram ndi MRI Mafanizithunzi a ZithunziMammograms ndi chida chachikulu chowonetsera ntchito za mawere, koma kuti mudziwe zambiri za malo ena, kapena kuti muwonetse akazi omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu omwe ali ndi minofu yambiri, imagwiritsa ntchito MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) .
Mankhwala a MRIs ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mammograms, ndipo zipangizo siziri momwe zilili. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, zipangizo zamakono za MRI sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popenda mawere koma nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza minofu yowonongeka kapena mawindo omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri, makamaka kwa atsikana achichepere, kuyang'anitsitsa chifuwa china cha chitukuko cha khansara ya m'mawere ngati mayi ali ndi vuto lopweteka kumbali imodzi.
Mafanizidwe awiriwa mbali ndi mbali amasonyeza mamembala kumanzere ndi MRI kumanja. Chithunzi cha MRI chimawonetsera mndandanda wa tsatanetsatane wa tsatanetsatane, zomwe ziri zothandiza kwambiri kutsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani.
Ngati mammografia yawonetsa mawere omwe amawoneka owawopsya, MRI kapena ultrasound ikhoza kupereka zambiri zolondola. Ngati MRI imatsimikizira kuti misa imayang'ana khansara, sitepe yotsatira ndi chifuwa cha m'mawere .
8 -
Malipoti Anu AchimakeLipoti lanu la mammogram lidzafotokoza zomwe zapezeka pamwambapa. Ngati simukudziwa zomwe zofufuza zilizonse zimatanthauza, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
Kuphatikiza pa kuwona zofufuza zilizonse, muwona nambala yomwe imatchedwa nambala ya BIRADS.BIRADS imayimira Chiwonetsero cha Kujambula Kwambiri kwa M'thupi ndi Dongosolo la Data, ndipo imapereka chiwerengero chomwe chiwerengero chanu chimakhala chachilendo kapena chikuonetsa khansara. Ngati simunakhale ndi biopsy, mudzakhala nambala pakati pa 1 ndi 5.
- 1, imatanthawuza ku chibadwa chodziwika bwino
- 2, ndi yoipa kapena yoipa
- 3, mwinamwake ndibodza
- 4, n'zotheka kuti ndi yosautsa
- 5, ndi yosautsa, ngakhale pali zinthu zomwe zingathe kutsanzira khansa pamimba
Pansi pa Zithunzi Zamakono
Mammograms angakhale othandiza pa matenda oyambirira a kansa ya m'mawere ndipo angapeze khansa yomwe silingathe kudwala. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nkhaŵa za matenda opatsirana kwambiri zawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa zovuta, pamene nthawi zina amauza dokotala wanu kuti ali ndi khansa, pali zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa izi ndizosiyana ndi mabungwe angapo, komanso maganizo osiyana a madokotala ambiri. Zomwe izi zikugwera ndikuti mumayenera kukhala wothandizira anu pa chisamaliro chanu. Phunzirani za kuchepa kwa mammogram. Ngati mukudandaula chifukwa cha mbiri yambiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere, kambiranani ndi dokotala za njira yokhala ndi bere la MRI. Ngati mukukula mkaka, m'mawere a ultrasound nthawi zina amathandiza kwambiri kuti mudziwe.
Ngakhale kuti zonsezi ndi zofunika, "chithandizo" chabwino ndicho kupewa khansara kuti ichitike poyambirira. Ngakhale khansa zambiri zimabuka chifukwa chosadziwika, ndipo tikudziwa kuti amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, pali zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu. Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi kuyamba. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndiyeneranso. Kafukufuku akuwonetsanso kuti amai omwe ali ndi mavitamini ochepa otsika akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Pa msonkhano wanu wotsatira, funsani dokotala wanu kuti ayang'ane mlingo wanu wa vitamini D. Ngati ali otsika akhoza kukuthandizani kupeza njira zowonjezeretsa, kaya zikutanthauza kutenga nthawi yambiri padzuwa kapena kutenga vitamini D.
> Zosowa
> American Cancer Society. Kodi Dokotala Amafuna Chiyani pa Mamemogram? Kusinthidwa 10/09/17. Chiwongola dzanja
> Iwase, M., Tsunoda, H., Nakayama, K. et al. Kugonjetsa Zomwe Zing'onozing'ono Zowopsa: Zomwe Zikuphatikiza Mawerengedwe a Amamphophosi Opezeka pa Kujambula Zithunzi Zakale Zomwe Zimaphatikizidwa ndi Kachilombo Kakang'ono Kwambiri. Khansa ya m'mawere . 2017 24 (4): 579-584.