Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a macular , omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa AMD kapena ARMD (zaka zakubadwa zakuda), sadziwika-chokhumudwitsa kwa odwala ndi madokotala mofanana, chifukwa chikhalidwe ndizo zimayambitsa vuto la masomphenya ndi akhungu ku America a zaka 65 ndi wachikulire. Izi zati, pali zidziwitso zoopsa za AMD-zina mwa zomwe mungathe kuchita, monga kusuta, kunenepa kwambiri, ndi kutuluka kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zomwe simungathe, monga msinkhu komanso majini.
Zowopsa Zowopsa
Chikulire
Zaka ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri la kuwonongeka kwa macular. Anthu makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu ndi anayi alionse a zaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 74 ali ndi vuto lalikulu, pamene limakhudza 33 peresenti ya anthu a zaka zoposa 75.
Gender
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti muli ndi chiopsezo chapamwamba kwambiri chokhala ndi vuto la macular ngati ndinu mkazi.
Zikuwoneka kuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa kuyamba kwa kusamba kwa thupi ndi macular degeneration. Azimayi omwe ali ndi mimba yoyamba kumayambiriro kumayambiriro amakhalanso ndi matenda osokoneza ubongo posachedwa. Ndipotu, pali kafukufuku wofufuza za ntchito ya estrogen mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Komanso, chifukwa amayi amakonda kukhala ndi moyo wautali, amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chowona masomphenya ovuta kwambiri atapezeka ndi AMD kusiyana ndi amuna omwe ali ndi vutoli, pamene likupita ndi nthawi.
Genetics
Kuchuluka kwa maonekedwe sikunatheke kudutsa, koma zifukwa zomwe munthu angalandire zingathandize.
Mbiri ya Banja
Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la kudwala kwachilendo kwa zaka zambiri kwawonetsedwa kuti kuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu ndi 50 peresenti. Ngati muli ndi mamembala omwe ali ndi vuto la macular, muyenera kusamala zina mwazidzidzidzi ndipo onetsetsani kuti mupita kukawona mawonedwe nthawi zonse.
Mpikisano
Kusamba kwa macular kwachilendo kumayambiriro ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha ubongo ku Azungu Achikulire Achikulire. Matendawa ndi osowa pakati pa anthu a mafuko ena, koma akhoza kuchitika.
Maso a Diso
Ngakhale kuti sichidziwika chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa pigment womwe ulipo mu minofu ya diso kumathandiza. Anthu omwe ali ndi maso owala amaoneka ngati ali pa chiopsezo chochuluka chokhala ndi macular kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi maso akuda.
Matenda a Kugonjetsa
Matenda a nyamayi ndi njira yowonongeka yambiri ya ana, yomwe imakhudza ana 1,000 mu United States.
Mu matenda a Stargardt, pali vuto la chibadwa limene limapangitsa zithunzi za diso kuti zife. Masomphenya amayamba pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakula mofulumira, amawonetsa masomphenya oyambirira kwambiri moti amachititsa munthu wokhudzidwa kukhala wosawona mwalamulo pamene akusunga masomphenya.
Amatha kupezeka ali ndi zaka 6 ndipo kawirikawiri amawoneka asanakwanitse zaka 20. Zitha kukhala ndi matendawa osadziŵa mpaka mutakhala pafupifupi 40. Mkhalidwewu umakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofanana.
Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy ndi Best Matenda
Njira yachiwiri yomwe imakhala yachinyamata kwambiri ndi Vitelliform macular dystrophy, yomwe imatchedwanso Best matenda pamene imayamba asanakwanitse zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Vitelliform macular dystrophy ndi cholowa chomwe chimayambira pa msinkhu wachinyamata kwambiri kuposa matenda a Stargardt. Masomphenya angawonongeke kapena sangathe kuchitika pamayambiriro oyambirira. Amapezeka ndi kuyang'ana zachikasu, mafuta m'kati mwa macula, omwe amapezeka pa kufufuza kwa diso.
Zochitika zaumoyo
Kuthamanga Kwambiri kwa Magazi ndi Matenda a Mtima
Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda ena a mtima ndi ziwalo zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lokhala ndi vuto la macular. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhudzana ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa maso, ndipo zimakhulupirira kuti zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa matenda a mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zingathandizenso kuwononga kwa macular.
Kunenepa kwambiri
Kulemera kwambiri sikungogwirizanitsa ndi kukula kwa chiwerengero cha matenda a chizungu, koma mitundu yovuta ya chikhalidwe, monga kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi chivomezi cha neovascular macular, ngakhale chifukwa chake si konkire.
Moyo
Zinthu zina zamoyo zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha madzi ochuluka:
Kusuta
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuwononga kwa macular. Chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sikumveka bwino, koma kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mthupi mwawo, ndipo zowonongeka kwa magazi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa matenda a macular.
Kutuluka kwa dzuwa
Kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi yochuluka kwambiri dzuwa popanda maguvesi otetezera a ultraviolet kumawoneka kuti ikufulumizitsa kukula kwa chilengedwe cha macular. Ochita kafukufuku apeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri zakale, osatetezedwa kuwala kwa dzuwa anali ndi mavenda ambiri oopsa kwambiri kuposa omwe alibe.
Kutaya Zakudya / Zakudya Zakudya
Antioxidants angateteze maselo anu kuwonongeka kwa mavitamini, omwe amakhala ochepa chifukwa cha ukalamba, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa macular. Ngati muli ndi mavitamini ochepa a antioxidant monga amchere, vitamini A, vitamini C, ndi vitamini E, mukhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi vuto la masomphenya lokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa macular.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali kwambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chiwindi chonyowa, ndipo ndiwo mawonekedwe apamwamba.
> Zotsatira:
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> Kim EK, Kim H, Vijayakumar A, Kwon O, Chang N. Mgwirizano pakati pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi antioxidant zakudya zowonjezera komanso zokhudzana ndi zaka zakubadwa chifukwa cha kusuta kwa amuna achikulire achi Korea. Nutriti J. 2017 Dec 4; 16 (1): 77. lembani: 10.1186 / s12937-017-0301-2.
> Myers CE, Klein BE, Gangnon R, Sivakumaran TA, Iyengar SK, Klein R. Kusuta fodya ndi mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha zaka zowonjezera zaka: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Oct; 121 (10): 1949-55. onetsani: 10.1016 / j.ophta.2014.04.040. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
> Woo SJ, Ahn J, Morrison MA, ndi al. Kufufuza kwa Zowopsa za Genetic ndi Environmental ndi Kuyanjana Kwawo kwa Odwala Achi Korea omwe ali ndi Macin Degeneration. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 14; 10 (7): e0132771. lembani: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0132771. eCollection 2015.
> Xie J Ikram MK Cotch MF et al. Chiyanjano cha Diabetes Macular Edema ndi Kuwonjezereka kwa Matenda a Diabetic ndi Matenda a Maganizo: Kusanthula Mwachidule ndi Kusanthula Meta. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017 Jun 1; 135 (6): 586-593. do: 10.1001 / jamaophthalmol.2017.0988.