Kuwonongeka kwa macular, komwe kumatchulidwa ngati kuwonongeka kwa zaka zambiri (ARMD kapena AMD), ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha ubongo ku United States. Chikhalidwechi chimakhudza kwambiri anthu a zaka 65 kapena kuposa. Zina zovuta zomwe zimakhudza achinyamata zingatchulidwe ngati kuchuluka kwa macular, koma mawuwa amatanthauza kuwonongeka kwa zaka zambiri.
AMD imakhudza macula , mbali yovuta ya retina yomwe imachititsa masomphenya ozama, pakati. AMD ingachiritsidwe, ngakhale kuti siidachiritsidwe.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuchepa kwa macular :
- Zouma (Osati Zachilengedwe) AMD
AMD yowuma, yomwe imatchedwanso non-exudative macular degeneration, ndiyo mtundu wofala kwambiri, wowerengera pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya AMD. Mu AMD yowuma, kusintha kosasinthika m'maselo opangidwa ndi maso a diso kumatuluka, kuchoka m'madera oundana, kutulutsa mtundu wa pigment, ndi kusewera (ma chikasu pansi pa retina).
AMD yowuma nthawi zambiri imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Pali magawo atatu: oyambirira, pakati, ndi apamwamba. Choyambirira kumakhala ndi masewera owonetsa komanso owoneratu. Masomphenya a pakati amakula kwambiri, zoonjezera zina zimatha kuwonekera kapena kukulitsa, ndipo kusintha kwa mtundu wa nkhumba kumachitika ngati mkhalidwe ukupita patsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa masomphenya kumasiyanasiyana ndi AMD youma koma kawirikawiri kumapita ku khungu lalamulo. Maseŵera am'thupi amatha kuphulika komanso kuchepa pang'ono.
- Mvula (Zopweteka) AMD
Nkhani za AMD zamadzi pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu yonse ya AMD. Anthu okhala ndi mawonekedwe owuma a AMD akhoza kupita ku mawonekedwe ofunda kwambiri. Mankhwala atsopano othamanga magazi (neovascularization) amapezeka pansi pa retina. Ngakhale ziwiya izi zili zatsopano, ndizofooka. Magazi ndi madzimadzi amathamanga mumitsuko yatsopano ya magazi, nthawi zambiri kukweza macula ndi kuchititsa kusokoneza maso, zomwe zingabweretse kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Kupepuka kungabwereke, kuwonetsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa masomphenya ndipo, nthawi zambiri, khungu lalamulo.
Zina mwa matenda odwala matendawa ndi:
- Kusintha Kwachilengedwe
Kusiyana kwachilengedwe kosavuta ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a kuuma kwachilengedwe. Pano, pali malo ambiri, omwe amatha kutaya maselo a m'mimba mwa retinal (RPE). The RPE, yomwe imapangira kumbuyo kwa diso mtundu wofiira-lalanje, imathandiza kudyetsa photoreceptors ya diso, ndodo ndi cones. Chotsatira chake, chirichonse chomwe chimachititsa matenda mu RPE chidzasokoneza ndodo ndi cones mu retina.
Amatchedwa "malo" chifukwa madera akuluakulu a RPE atayika ngati makontinenti ozunguliridwa ndi nyanja ya retina yathanzi. Nthawi zina zimatchulidwa ngati chotsitsa cha RPE. Kawirikawiri, palibe madzimadzi othamanga kapena magazi, ndipo kutayika kwa masomphenya kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Madokotala akuphunzira za mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi mankhwala opatsirana a RPE. - Achinyamata Achikhalidwe Achikhalidwe
Matenda a chibwana kapena machulukidwe amtunduwu amachotsedwa ndipo amakhudza achinyamata ndi ana. Kawirikawiri, vutoli limakhala lodziwika bwino kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti limakhalapo pamene mwana akulandira njira yambiri yochokera kwa kholo lililonse. Kusambira kwa macular sikumakhudzanso masomphenya kapena masomphenya. Anthu omwe amakula msinkhu wachinyamata amawonongeka masomphenya ndipo samakhala akhungu. Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya kuchepa kwa achinyamata: Matenda a Stargard ndi Vitelliform macular dystrophy.
Zizindikiro
Masomphenya kuwonongeka kwa chiwerengero cha macular akuchepa kwambiri moti simungachizindikire pachiyambi. Kaŵirikaŵiri palibe ululu. Pamene matendawa akufalikira, masomphenya anu akhoza kukhala ophwanyika ndipo zinthu zikhoza kuwoneka zosokonezeka. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi AMD akhoza kudandaula kuti akusowa makalata m'mawu kapena kuvutika kuona zolemba zing'onozing'ono.
Pamene chikhalidwe chikukula, pangakhale kutayika kwakukulu kapena kuyika kwa masomphenya apakati, pamene masomphenya a pulogalamu asintha. Nthawi zina, masomphenya amitundu angasinthe.
Zizindikiro za AMD zidzakhalansopo, ngakhale zili bwino kwambiri kuti zidziwike ndi dokotala wa zamaso.
Zimayambitsa
Mitundu yowonjezera ya macular yakuya yokhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Palinso zina zambiri zomwe zimadziwika kuti zingayambitse vutoli:
- Zaka
- Kusuta
- Mbiri ya banja
- Mtundu wa maso a kuwala
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Kutuluka kwa dzuwa
- Matenda a mtima
- Cholesterol Chokwera
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Mayi wamwamuna
- Kuwona Kwambiri
Malo anu angathandizenso kukula kwa AMD, ndipo kafukufuku wamakono akuyang'ana za majeremusi omwe angawonjezere kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhazikitsa AMD .
Kudziwa
Matenda a AMD amapangidwa pambuyo pofufuza kafukufuku wa maso akuchitidwa ndi optometrist kapena ophthalmologist.
Mapiri akuyandikira ndi pafupi akuyesedwa. Chiyeso chotchedwa "galasi la Amsler" chikuchitidwa kuti mupeze mawanga akhungu, kutsanulira mizere, kapena kusokonezeka m'masomphenya. Kuyeza kwa retina kumathandiza dokotala kuti aone maonekedwe aakulu a macula.
Dokotala wanu akuyang'ana zizindikiro monga:
- Zimasintha ndikusintha maselo opangidwa ndi mtundu wa macula, chifukwa cha zinyalala zamagetsi kumanga
- Mankhwala atsopano othamanga magazi (neovascularization): Kutha kusowa kwa mpweya mu retina kungasonyeze kuti ndi oyanjana ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa izi.
- Magazi kapena magazi omwe alowerera mu minofu ya retinal (chifukwa cha mitsempha yatsopano, yomwe ili yofooka pamene ikupanga)
Ngati AMD akukayikira, kuyesa injini-injection, fluorescein angiography (FA), ikhoza kulamulidwa. Chiyeso china choyesa, kugwirizana kwa tomography (OCT), chingathenso kuchitidwa. Ngati AMD ikudziwika, kutumiza kwa katswiri wa retina kumabwera.
Chithandizo
Palibe chithandizo chodziwika kuti chiwonongeko cha macular. Matenda a AMD akuwongolera kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi malo ake.
Pogwiritsa ntchito Phunziro la Matenda a Zilonda Zakale (AREDS), zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini C ndi E, beta-carotene, ndi zinc zinawonetseratu kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa AMD yowuma kwa AMD mwa 28% mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli .
Chithandizo cha AMD chonyowa chimayang'ana kutseka madzi othamanga kuchokera ku neovascularization. Ndondomeko monga photocoagulation ndi macular translocation zachitidwa ndi zotsatira zosiyana. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuwononga kwa macular. Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa mwachindunji mumaso ndikuyesa kuimitsa mitsempha yatsopano yopanga magazi.
Ngati muli ndi masomphenya ambiri othawa chifukwa cha AMD, malo osungirako masewera ndi madokotala akhoza kulangiza mankhwala kapena kusintha kwa nyumba zomwe zingabweretse masomphenya ogwira ntchito ndikusintha umoyo wanu. Zina mwa zipangizozi zimaphatikizapo magalasi oŵerengera kwambiri omwe amawunikira kwambiri kapena opocals, magalasi a telescopic, zipangizo zogwirana ndi manja, okometsera, ndi ma TV. Malangizo ena, monga kugwiritsa ntchito maola ochuluka owerengeka ndi zojambula zitofu, mabuku akuluakulu osindikizira, zilembo zolemba ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, zingathe kusintha kwambiri moyo wanu ndi kuwononga kwa macular.
Kulimbana
Kukhala ndi masomphenya omwe amatha kuwonongeka kwa macular kungapangitse kupanga moyo kusintha. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto, kuwerenga, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto zabwino zomwe zimafuna masomphenya osiyanasiyana, monga kusoka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Nthaŵi zina, ntchito zingakhale zokayikira. Koma kwa ena, zipangizo zothandizira (monga okweza) ndi zosinthidwa zingathandize ndikulola kuti mupitilizebe.
Thandizo la anthu ndi lothandiza, osati kungokuthandizani kusintha koma kukuthandizani pa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ngati mukufunikira. Mutha kuganiziranso kufufuza zopereka monga zamagalimoto.
Mawu Ochokera
Ndikofunika kuti muyesedwe kafukufuku wamaso nthawi zonse monga gawo lanu lokonzekera thanzi lanu lonse, ngakhale mutakhala opanda masomphenya. Ngati zowonetsera zikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka kwa macular, onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira dokotala wanu wa diso ngati mukulimbikitsidwa ndikutsatira ndondomeko zotsimikizirika kuti muthane ndi vutoli, pakuti izi zingathandize kusiyana ndi kutayika kwa masomphenya.
> Zotsatira:
> Gheorghe A, Mahdi L, Musat O, Zomwe Zimakhudzana ndi Zaka Zambiri za Macular. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr-Jun; 59 (2): 74-7.
> Narayanan R, Kuppermann BD, Hot Topics mu AMD Wowuma, Curr Pharm Des. 2017; 23 (4): 542-546. lembani: 10.2174 / 1381612822666161221154424.