Mepolizumab ndi Reslizumab ya Efiinophilic Efihma
Nthenda ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo ndipo amakhala ofala kwambiri ku United States ndi m'mayiko ena akumadzulo. Nthenda ya mphumu imakhala ndi nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapuma, kutsokomola, kupuma pang'ono ndi chifuwa, ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zofewa kapena zochepa mpaka zoopsa komanso zowopsya.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yambiri akhoza kuchepa kwambiri pa umoyo wa moyo ndipo angathe kukhala ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa oral corticosteroids , maulendo obwera mwachangu, ndi zipatala.
Pali mankhwala ambiri a mphumu omwe amapezeka kuti athetse mphumu. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa ma corticosteroids , opanga ma bronchodilators omwe akhala akutalika nthawi yaitali, ndi mankhwala a leukotriene osintha, monga Singulair . Anthu omwe ali ndi asthma yovuta kwambiri amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito Xolair . Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandizira osiyanasiyana, komabe ambiri a asthmatics akupitirizabe kuwonjezereka kosavuta kuti agwiritse ntchito pakamwa kapena mujected corticosteroids.
Xolair inali mankhwala oyamba a biologic okhudza malonda kuti athe kuchiza mphumu yovuta kwambiri. Ndi mankhwala otchedwa monoclonal antibody omwe amatsutsana ndi IgE . Izi zikutanthawuza kuti anti-antibody inapangidwa mu labotale yomwe imatsutsana ndi anti-IgE anti-"trigger switch" kuti ayambe kuchitapo kanthu. Pamene asthmatic imayambitsa matendawa, monga pet dander kapena fumbi mite , ndipo zizindikiro sizimayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti corticosteroids isakanike, Xolair ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zizindikiro za mphumu ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero.
Nucala ya Asthma
Mankhwala osiyana siyana a bihemic asthma akupanga kuti athetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphumu yomwe silingayankhe ngati mankhwala ochiritsira kapena Xolair. Mankhwala awiri a biologic adavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa 2015 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 2016 pofuna kuchiza mphumu yambiri yomwe imadziwika ndi magazi ambirimbiri.
Nucala (mepolizumab) ndi anti-monoclonal antibody yomwe imalowera IL-5, chizindikiro chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi lomwe limayambitsa kupanga, kukula, ndi kuyambitsa zamoyo zam'mlengalenga. Maosinophils ndi maselo oyera omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke, kutupa, ndi kupweteka kwa minofu m'mapapu a asthmatics.
Nucala amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi zotsatira za IL-5, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa nthendayi ndi magazi a eosinophils. Maphunziro oyambirira ndi mepolizumab alephera kusonyeza ubwino uliwonse wa zotsatirazi mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yambiri komanso masewera akuluakulu a magupe kapena magazi amaoneka kuti akukhala bwino ndi ntchito ya mepolizumab.
Mwapadera, anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu yotereyi amatha kuchepetsa mlingo wa oral corticosteroids kuti athetse vuto la mphumu yawo, zomwe zakhala zikuwongolera kusintha kwa mphumu (zochepa zozizwitsa za mphumu,) ndipo zinali ndi zovuta zochepa pa nthawi. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti pali kusintha kwa mapangidwe a mapapu pamene akutenga Nucala.
Nucala amavomerezedwa kuti athe kuchiritsidwa kwambiri, mphumu ya eosinophilic mu anthu a zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena kuposera omwe samayankha pafupipafupi za mankhwala a asthma. Mlingowo ndi wofanana kwa anthu onse, mosasamala za msinkhu, kulemera kapena mlingo wa eosinophil-umene uli mamiligramu 100 woperekedwa pansi pamsana monga jekeseni milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Zotsatirapo za Nucala zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa jekeseni wa placebo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse amadwala anaphylaxis ngati mankhwala ozunguza bongo. Mlingo wa anaphylaxis ndi limodzi mwa magawo atatu a jekeseni wa Nucala, koma awiri peresenti kwa omwe amalandira majekesiti a placebo. Ngakhale kuti Nucala alibe bokosi lakuda yochenjeza anaphylaxis, anthu omwe amalandira majekeseni a Nucala ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti asamayesedwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndi dokotala yemwe amachiza anaphylaxis.
Cinqair ya Asthma
Cinqair (reslizumab) amagwira ntchito mofananamo monga Nucala-imakhalanso ndi anti-monoclonal anti-IL-5, koma ndi molekyu wosiyana pang'ono.
Cinqair amachititsanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amtundu ndi magazi, kumapangitsa zizindikiro za mphumu ndi mapapu kugwira ntchito, ndipo zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa asthmatics ndi mimba yam'mimba komanso magazi. Cinqair ikuwoneka kuti ndi yopindulitsa makamaka mu magulu a asthmatics ndi mapepala a nasal kuyambira kukula kwa nasal polima akuoneka kuti imayendetsedwa ndi IL-5.
Cinqair amavomerezedwa pofuna kuchiza mphumu yoopsa, yosasangalatsa ya anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 18 kapena kuposera omwe samayankha pafupipafupi. Mlingowo ndi wolemera kwambiri ndipo umaperekedwa ngati kulowetsedwa m'mimba milungu iwiri iliyonse. Mlingo wa anaphylaxis mwa anthu omwe amalandira Cinqair ndi 0.3 peresenti ndipo motero ali ndi chenjezo lakuda lofanana ndi Xolair.
> Zotsatira:
> Patterson MF, Borish L, Kennedy JL. Zakale, Zamakono ndi Zamtsogolo za Matenda a Monoclonal kwa IL-5 ndi Esoinophilic Psyma: A Review. Journal of Asthma ndi Zotsatira Zozizira. 2015; 8: 125-134.