M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala pali chizolowezi chomwe chimaphatikizapo anthu otchuka omwe amachita ngati alangizi a zaumoyo. Amagwiritsa ntchito malo awo otchuka kuti apereke malangizo azachipatala ndikuvomereza mankhwala. Ndipo izi zikuyembekezeka kupitilira ndikuwonjezeka. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti anthu ambiri amva kuvomereza kotero ndi uphungu-ndipo ambiri amachitadi zomwezo.
Anthu amasangalala kwambiri ndi anthu otchuka ndipo nthawi zambiri amatenga zomwe akufuna kunena. Anthu otchuka akamalimbikitsa kafukufuku wokhudza zachipatala (ie, umboni wozikidwa pa umboni) ndiwo anthu ambiri omwe amachita chidwi ndi zomwe amapeza.
Komabe, palinso kusokonezeka kwa kuvomereza kwaulemerero. Munthu wotchuka akamalimbikitsa chithandizo kapena mankhwala omwe sali ovomerezeka ndi umboni, zotsatira za anthu zingakhale zosokoneza kapena zovulaza.
Ngakhale kuti ndi chida cha thanzi labwino, sitikudziwa pang'ono za momwe kuvomerezedwa kwaulemerero kumakhalira. Sitikudziwa momwe machitidwe otchuka amadziŵira zaumoyo, malingaliro, ndi makhalidwe. Komabe, pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimayesa kufotokoza njira za zochitikazi.
Umboni-Malangizo Othandizira Ambiri
Tiyeni tiyang'ane uphungu wodabwitsa womwe umagwirizana ndi umboni wa zamankhwala ndikuvomera mayankho.
- Mu 1991, Magic Johnson, wotchuka wa mpira wa basketball, adalengeza kuti ali ndi HIV. Kulengeza kwake kunabweretsa chidziwitso cha HIV ndi Edzi pakati pa anthu. Panali anthu ambiri omwe akuyitana mabungwe a United States a National AIDS for Prevention and Prevention National AIDS Hotline kuti apeze zambiri.
- Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, Bob Dole adalimbikitsa kuzindikira za erectile dysfunction (ED). Dole anapezeka ndipo anachiritsira khansara ya prostate ndipo adakumana ndi ED, zomwe adazilemba kuti akambirane. Dole nayenso anakhala wolankhulira Viagra, omwe ndi othandiza pochiza ED. Amuna ambiri omwe amachitidwa opaleshoni kuti athetse kansa ya prostate, kuwonongeka kwa erectile ndi zotsatira zofala chifukwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha yowononga erection imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
- Mu 1997, mwamuna wina wa Katie Couric, Jay Monahan, anapeza kuti ali ndi khansara yamtundu . Anamwalira patatha miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ali ndi zaka 42. Mu 2000, Couric adawonetsa kaconoscopy pamsonkhano wa "Today". M'mwezi wotsatira atayang'anitsitsa, panali kuwonjezeka kwa 21 peresenti mu kuyang'ana kwa khansa yamtundu ndi khansa.
- Mu 2005, woimba nyimbo wa ku Australia Kylie Minogue anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere yomwe anachitidwa ndi vutoli. Pambuyo pake, kuwonjezeka kwa 40 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akufunafuna mammograms-chithunzi cha khansa ya m'mawere - m'maiko anayi a ku Australia.
- Mu March 2009, chiŵerengero cha khansara ya chiberekero chikuwonekera kawiri ku England, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha Jade Goody, nyenyezi ya ku Britain yowonera TV, amene anafa ndi khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Wojambula Michael J. Fox, yemwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson , wanyamula ndalama zoposa $ 450 miliyoni kwa Michael J. Fox Foundation zomwe zimapangitsa kufufuza kwa Parkinson.
Malangizo Odalirika
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone uphungu wodabwitsa umene wakhala wodetsa kapena wovulaza.
- Jenny McCarthy, yemwe ndi wotsutsana ndi zachipatala, kutsutsana ndi katemera chifukwa choopa kuti amachititsa autism ndi chitsanzo chotsatira cha uphungu wotchuka. Gulu lachinyengo limeneli lasokonezedwa kwambiri ndipo ana omwe sanalandire katemera akhoza kufa ndi matenda omwe amalephera.
- Christina Applegate, yemwe ndi wokonza masewerawa, adakhala woyang'anira ndondomeko yoyambilira ya matenda a khansa, atapezeka kuti ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere ali ndi zaka 36 ndipo akudwala matendawa. Komabe, Applegate imathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kuti azindikire khansa ya m'mawere, zomwe sizigwirizana ndi maganizo a zachipatala chifukwa chowonera amayi pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere.
- Mofananamo, atapezeka kuti ali ndi kusintha kwa BRCA1 , komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi mazira ochepa mwa akazi ochepa, mtsikana wina wotchuka dzina lake Angelina Jolie anasankha kukhala ndi kachilombo kawiri kawiri. Jolie anali wotchuka kwambiri ponena za mavuto ake ndi kulimbikitsa kuzindikira. Pambuyo pake, anthu ambiri anayamba kufuna kuyesa kusintha kwa BRCA. Komabe, kusintha kwa BRCA ndi chifukwa chochepa cha khansara yotere komanso yosungidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yolimba ya banja. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kuyesedwa sikudakonzedwe kapena kulipira.
- Wolemba masewera Susanne Somers akuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a proteolytic enzyme opatsirana khansa ya pancreatic. Amathandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni osakanikirana kuti asinthe ukalamba. Zonse mwazifukwazi sizitsata umboni wa zachipatala.
- Pa bukhu lake la moyo wa mlungu ndi mlungu, GOOP, mtsikana wina wotchuka Gwyneth Paltrow adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito jade mazira omwe amalowetsedwa mu umaliseche kuti athandizidwe ndi umaliseche, mphamvu yamadzi, ndi mphamvu ya akazi. Malangizo awa sali othandizidwa ndi kafukufuku.
- Sir Michael Parkinson wa ku Britain adakamba za zotsatira za khansara ya prostate: "Mayeso ndi ngati mungathe kuyang'ana khoma kuchokera pa mapazi awiri, mulibe."
N'chifukwa Chiyani Anthu Amamvetsera Ambiri?
Ngakhale kuti tingathe kufotokozera mosavuta zitsanzo zabwino ndi zoipa zomwe zimapereka malangizo, njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi anthu otchuka amalimbikitsa sizidziwika bwino. Akatswiri ofufuza zaumoyo akungoyamba kufufuza zotsatirazi ndipo ali ndi ziganizo zina. Pano pali mndandanda wa njira 14 zopangidwira:
- Malangizo azachipatala amatha kusintha mozama maganizo a omvera ena.
- Anthu amatsatira malangizo achipatala odziwika kuti athandizidwe komanso kuti akhale ndi chikhalidwe chotani.
- Malangizo ndi zokondweretsa zomwe ogawidwa ndi olemekezeka zingaoneke ngati zowona.
- Anthu-makamaka omwe ali odzichepetsa-mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi anthu otchuka omwe amawapanga iwo kudzimva okha, oyenerera, ndi othandizidwa ndi ena. Zojambulidwa izi zimayendetsa anthu ena kuti amvetsere uphungu wodabwitsa ndi zovomerezeka.
- Anthu amagula chithandizo chachipatala ndi mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa ndi anthu otchuka kuti apeze zizindikiro zawotchuka zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zovomerezeka zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene anthu otchuka amalengeza pulogalamu yowononga kulemera kwa thupi ndipo amadzinenera kuti ataya kulemera chifukwa cha izo, mafani akufunanso kukhala otchuka ndi kuchepetsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyo.
- Zomwe "zotsatira za halo" zimatanthawuza za kuwonetsera kwa anthu onse kuti chifukwa chakuti anthu otchuka ndi opindulitsa kwambiri, kupambana kwawo kumawathandiza kukhala okhulupilika pazochitika zonse, kuphatikizapo zokhudzana ndi thanzi ndi ukhondo. Choncho, ngati anthu otchuka amapereka uphungu kwachipatala chifukwa iwo apeza bwino mu madera ena, ndiye iwo ayenera kukhala katswiri wa zachipatala, nayenso.
- Zovomerezeka zamakono zimayambitsa mbali za ubongo zomwe zimapanga maubwenzi abwino. Maubwenzi abwinowa amachititsa kukumbukira bwino za mankhwala operekedwa.
- Zovomerezeka zaumwini zimayambitsa zigawo za ubongo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukhulupirira ndi kukumbukira. Kukonzekera uku kumapangitsa anthu kukhala ngati mankhwala operekedwa kapena ntchito.
- Ochita chikondwerero amayendera zizolowezi zachilengedwe kuti anthu azisankha mogwirizana ndi momwe ena adasankhira zinthu zofanana. Chizoloŵezi chimenechi chimatchedwa "khalidwe la ng'ombe."
- Malangizo amtunduwu amalembedwa m'mabwalo onse ochezera a pa Intaneti ndipo zimakhudza aliyense kupyolera mwa anthu ambirimbiri.
- Anthu amatsutsana ndi uphungu wachipatala wa anthu otchuka monga opindulitsa, pofuna kuti athetse vuto lililonse lomwe lingakhalepo chifukwa chokhala ndi maganizo osagwirizana.
- Anthu amatsatira malangizo achipatala a anthu otchuka amene amawaona kuti ndi ofanana.
- Anthu amasangalala ndi anthu olemekezeka ndipo motero amamva zabwino ndi zinthu zomwe amalimbikitsa-chitsanzo cha chikhalidwe chachikhalidwe.
- Kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu otchuka kumakhala ngati zizindikiro, kapena zizindikiro , zomwe zimasiyanitsa chinthu chimodzi kapena utumiki wina.
Mawu Ochokera
Pali chithunzithunzi chakale: Musamakhulupirire chilichonse chimene mumawona pa TV. Tikukhala m'madera omwe anthu ambiri akufalitsa ma TV komanso anthu otchuka amapereka zothandizira ndi malangizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabuku, magazini, ma webusaiti, TV, radio, podcasts, ndi ma TV. Zina mwa malangizo awa ndi zabwino ndipo zina zake ndi zoipa; ena ali odzikonda ndipo amathandizidwa ndi malingaliro achilengedwe ndipo ena amachititsa chidwi ndi ndalama.
Nthawi yotsatira mukamayang'ana kapena mumawona wokondedwa wanu akuvomereza mankhwala kapena ntchito, ganizirani chifukwa chake mumakondwera kwambiri ndi uphungu. Kodi ndiwotchuka kapena ndi uphungu? Kodi chitsogozocho chimamveka bwino ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito kwa inu kapena wokondedwa wanu? Kodi munthu wololera angagwirizane ndi anthu otchuka? Kodi malangizowo amafuna kuti mugule chinachake?
Pankhani zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri, monga khansara kapena kuwonetsetsa matenda ena, muyenera kupanga mgwirizano ndi dokotala wanu kuti mukambirane zomwe mukukumana nazo ndikufotokozera zomwe mwamva kuti wina wodzitcha. Kumbukirani kuti anthu ambiri otchuka si akatswiri azachipatala. Inde, iwo angakhale abwino pakuimba, kuchita, kuvina, kapena kusewera masewera. Koma monga ndi luso lonse lapadera ndi luso, malingaliro awa sapitirira kuzinthu zina. Dokotala wanu waphunzitsidwa kuti apereke uphungu wabwino-malangizo omwe ndi ozikidwa pa umboni komanso othandiza.
> Zotsatira:
> BRCA1 ndi BRCA2: Kuopsa kwa khansa ndi kuyesa kwa majeremusi. NIH. www.cancer.gov
> Hoffman, SJ, et al. Zochita Zosangalatsa Zomwe Zimakhudza Zaumoyo, Maganizo, Zopindulitsa, ndi Zotsatira Zotsatira: Zovomerezeka Zomwe Zidzasinthidwa, Meta-Analysis, ndi Meta-Regression Analysis. Maphunziro Othandiza. 2017.
> Hoffman, SJ, ndi Tan, C. Kutsatira Malangizo Othandiza Anthu Odwala: Meta-Narrative Analysis. The BMJ. 2013; 347: f7151.
> Larson RJ, et al. Kugonjetsedwa Kwachidwi kwa Kuyeza Khansa . J wathu wa National Cancer Institute. 2005; 97 (9): 693-5.