Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa khalidwe la autistic kuzinthu zonyansa
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati khalidwe losauka ndilo chifukwa cha zizindikiro za autistic kapena ngati ndizosauka ? Sikovuta nthawi zonse kusiyanitsa pakati pa "autistic" ndi "khalidwe loipa". Zambiri zomwe zimachitika kwa ana pa masewerawa zingaoneke ngati mavuto a chilango kwa ana ena. Mwachitsanzo:
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism amatha kufuula kapena kukhumudwa akakhala okhumudwa kapena okhumudwa
- Ana ena ovomerezeka amachokera m'chipindamo, amamenya ena, kapena amadzivulaza okha akakhumudwa
- Ana pafupipafupi sangayang'ane mwachindunji kwa munthu pamene akulankhula
- Ana otchuka amatha kugwedezeka, kuthamanga, kapena kuyenda mofulumira pamene akuyembekezeka kukhala chete
- Ana omwe ali ndi autism angakhale odzidalira ndi osamvetsetsa ku zochitika kapena maganizo omwe amawazungulira
- Kusukulu, ana omwe ali ndi autism angadandaule kapena kukhumudwa ndi zopempha kapena zosowa za ena (mwachitsanzo, kukakamiza ana ena pamzere kapena kunyalanyaza pempho kuti ayende kapena kufulumira)
Koma izi ndizo nsonga zazing'onoting'ono chifukwa ana odzimva angakhale ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yothetsera mayankho awo kwa achikulire kapena "achifundo" anzawo. Mwina zitsanzozi zikudziwika bwino:
- Agogo amayendera. Amamuwona mdzukulu wake wa autistic, amatsegula manja ake, ndikupempha kuti akumbatike. Adzukulu amatha kuthamanga mofulumira. Agogo amamutsata ndipo amamupatsa iyeyo, kuti adzalandire mphotho pamapiko.
- Agogo amapereka mphatso ya zidzukulu za autistic mphatso, ndipo zidzukulu zake, pa msinkhu umene ayenera kudziwa bwino, akuti "Sindimakonda izi! Ndikufuna ___!"
- Wokondedwa wa sukulu amavomereza tsiku la masewera ndipo amadziona kuti amanyalanyazidwa kwa maola angapo pamene woyang'anira autistic amasewera yekha. Choipa kwambiri, mlendoyo angakhale ndi maola awiri akuuzidwa, "musakhudze zimenezo!"
Zonsezi zikhoza kukhala zochititsa manyazi, ndipo zonse zingapangitse kupweteka kapena ngakhale kukwiya. Komabe zonse zimakhala zofanana ndi za autism, ndipo, nthawi zambiri, zimachokera ku zovuta zowonongeka, zoyankhulana, kapena zamakhalidwe zomwe ziri mbali ya autism.
Kusiyanitsa khalidwe lodziwika ndi khalidwe loipa
Zizolowezi zamagetsi zimakhala chifukwa cha mavuto angapo ovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa munthu aliyense amene ali ndi autism ndi wapadera, mavutowa amawoneka mosiyana kwa mwana aliyense koma amakhalapo, pamlingo wina, kwa aliyense amene ali ndi vuto la autism spectrum disorder.
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amakhala okhumudwa kapena okhumudwa kuti amve, amve, amve, komanso agwire. Mwana amene amathawa ndi Agogo angakhale akumvetsera fungo la mafuta ake. Mwana amene amadana ndi zikwapu sangasangalale ndi kutengeka koma kwenikweni amamukonda. Zovuta zowonjezereka zingakhalenso chifukwa cha "khalidwe loipa" pamene muli nyumba yowonjezera kapena yowombera, yolimbitsa pakati pa anthu pa intaneti, ndi zina zotero. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji pamene nkhani zovuta zimayambitsa vuto?
- Funsani . Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mawu, iye akhoza kukhala okhoza kufotokozera makhalidwe ngati akufunsidwa.
- Yang'anani . Ngati mwana wanu akuphimba makutu ake pamene akukakamira kuchokera kuchipinda, ndizomveka kuganiza kuti chinachake phokoso mu chipindacho chikuyambitsa vuto.
- Sungani mazati pa makhalidwe. Ngati mwana wanu amatha kusamalira tchalitchi, nthawi ina amamveka mokweza kapena kutuluka m'chipindamo, zikuonekeratu kuti china chake chachitika chifukwa cha khalidwe. Komano, ngati khalidwelo liri lokhazikika, pangakhale vuto lopitirizabe kulimbana ndi chilengedwe. Zingakhale zochepa ngati mphuno kuchokera ku magetsi a fulorosenti.
Mavuto a Kulankhulana ndi Anthu
Aliyense amene ali ndi autism ali ndi nthawi yovuta yolankhulirana ndi anthu pamlingo umodzi kapena wina. Zingakhale zovuta kapena zosatheka kuti "muwerenge" zakukhosi kwa ena kapena zingakhale zovuta kupeĊµa kukhumudwitsa ena.
Zingakhale zovuta kwambiri "kuyang'ana ndikutsanzira" makhalidwe ena. Mfundo yakuti ena akhala pansi ndikukhala chete sangathe kulembetsa mwana wa autistic. Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati mwana wanu akukumana ndi mavuto ndi kulankhulana kwabwino?
- Zindikirani cholinga cha mwana wanu. Mavuto omwe amalankhulana ndi anthu amtundu wina angathe kuvuta kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi autism adziwe ngati zochita zake zingakhale zopweteka. Kuthamangitsidwa kuchoka pamatope kapena chikhumbo chochita zinthu zosiyana kungakuwoneke, koma pali mwayi waukulu kuti mwana wanu asadziwe momwe makhalidwe ake angakhudzire ena.
- Kumbukirani kuti mwana wanu akuchedwa kuchepa. Wakale wa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ayenera kumayamika agogo chifukwa cha mphatso yomwe sakufuna kwenikweni. Wakale wazaka eyiti sangathe kuthana ndi vutoli. Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda msinkhu wa msinkhu wawo: wachinyamata pamasewera akhoza kukhala ngati mwana wamng'ono kwambiri.
- Dziwani momwe amaphunzitsira. Aphunzitsi akuti mwana wanu akusochera pambali ponyamula pamzere, kutenga maulendo aatali pazithunzithunzi, ndi zina zotero. Koma ana okhala ndi autism, chifukwa kawirikawiri amaphunzira mwa kutsanzira, amafunikira malangizo owongoka pa ziyembekezo za khalidwe. Kodi mphunzitsiyo anawuza mwana wanu za malamulo a masewero othawa? Kupereka zothandizira zojambula ndi nkhani zachikhalidwe? Ngati sichoncho, kodi mwana wanu ankayenera kudziwa bwanji malamulowa?
Zotsatira za Makhalidwe
Zizolowezi za "Autistic" zimadziwonekera chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimasiyana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe. Chotsatira chake, muyenera kudziwongolera pang'onopang'ono ngati mukuwona zolakwika kapena zizindikiro za autistic. Nazi zomwe mungafune:
- Kudzikakamiza ( kokondweretsa ). Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism amagwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe osadziwika monga kubwedezeka, kuthamanga, kuwombera zala, ndi kung'ung'udza kuti adzichepetse okha ndikukhalabe maso. Mukawona makhalidwe oterewa, mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti iwo sali mtundu wa khalidwe loipa.
- Kusayang'ana kwa diso. Kwa anthu ambiri okhala ndi autism, kukhudzana maso kungakhale kovuta ngati kosatheka kusamalira, makamaka pokambirana. Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kuphunzitsa munthu ndi autism kuti ayang'ane maso, kusowa kwake si mtundu wa khalidwe loipa.
- Kudzizunza. Nthawi zina, makamaka (koma osati okha) kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutolo kwambiri, kudzizunza ndi kofala. Kuwombera pamutu, kukonza khungu ndi makhalidwe ena sikungakonzekere ngakhale kuti zingasokoneze ndipo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa.
- Kupanda kuganizira kapena kusamala. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism angaone kuti ndi zophweka kuganizira chinthu china komanso chovuta kwambiri kuganizira ena. Kawirikawiri, iwo akupezeka popanda kuwonekera kuti achite zimenezo. Nthawi zina sakhala nawo chifukwa chakuti akukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kutsatira malingaliro ofulumira kapena malingaliro opanda nzeru. Kawirikawiri, iwo amanyalanyaza mwakachetechete wokamba nkhani.
- Kupanga phokoso kapena kutseka. Ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi autism ali okonzeka kupanga phokoso kapena kuchoka m'chipindacho kuti asakhumudwitse, ndizotheka kuti akutero chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Iwo angakhale akunjenjemera, akumwetulira, kapena kuwalankhula kuti adzichepetse okha, kapena amachoka m'chipinda kuti athawe. Monga kholo, nthawi zambiri mumatha kusiyanitsa.
Kuyankhula ndi Autistic Behaviors
Kotero inu mwatsimikiza kuti khalidwe la mwana wanu si "osayenerera" koma, mmalo mwake, ndi "autistic" makhalidwe. Tsopano chiyani?
Inu mukhoza, ndithudi, musachite kanthu. Ndipo nthawi zina, izo ndi zomveka bwino. Nchifukwa chiyani mwana wanu ali ndi autism, akuwombera, kapena kuyenda? Ngati sakupweteka aliyense ndikudzipangira mavuto, bwanji vuto?
Kawirikawiri, khalidwe la autistic, pamene sali lofuna, lingayambitse nkhani zazikulu. Zingapangitse manyazi (onse pamodzi ndi inu ndi mwana wanu), pangani kukhumudwa kapena ngakhale kukwiya, kapena kutsogoza mwana wanu kuti asatuluke kapena kuti asatuluke ku gulu lofunika, ntchito, kapena kukhazikitsa. Kodi mungatani pa izo? Mungathe kuchitapo kanthu pamagulu osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kufunika kwa mkhalidwe, luso la mwana wanu, ndi nzeru zanu. Nazi mndandanda wa zosankha:
- Perekani malangizo owongoka . Ngati mwana wanu amatha kuyankha ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji, perekani! Gwiritsani ntchito mawu, kanema, chitsanzo, kuchita (kuyankhulana), ndi nkhani zachikhalidwe kuti muphunzitse mwana wanu momwe angakhalire mu tchalitchi kapena pa konsati, momwe mungayankhire mwaulemu kwa agogo aamuna, kapena momwe mungagwirizane pa phwando la kubadwa. Palibe mwa izi zomwe zimachitika mwachibadwa kwa mwana wanu, koma nthawi zambiri, kuphunzitsa ndi kubwereza ndizo zofunikira kuti zitheke.
- Mavuto abwino. Nsembe yamtengo wapatali ya agogo akuyambitsa mdzukulu wake kuthawa kotero kusankha bwino ndiko kunena "hey, agogo, musamve mafuta onunkhirawo." Mofananamo, mungapewe kupondereza mwana yemwe sakonda zimbalangondo, kuika mu mababu osokoneza bongo ngati kutentha kumayambitsa vuto, kuchepetsa kumveka phokoso pa TV, ndikupangitsani moyo kukhala womasuka . Mukhoza kupempha malo ofanana omwe ali nawo kusukulu, ngakhale kuti ndi ovuta kuti muwapeze palimodzi.
- Sankhani makonzedwe ndi zochitika mosamala. Ngati mwana wanu autistic amadana ndi mafilimu okweza, musapite ku mafilimu akuluakulu. Mwinanso, makutu oletsa phokoso amatha kupangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lovuta. Ganizirani kupita ku zochitika za "autism-friendly" zochitika, kapena kusankha ophunzitsa omwe akuwoneka kuti "amapeza" mwana wanu.
- Khala khungu lambiri. Makolo a ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zina amakhala ndi zochititsa manyazi. Makolo osakanizidwa adzachita manyazi kwambiri. Bwino labwino? Pezani!
- Sinthani mkhalidwe wonse. Nthawi zina, sukulu ya mwana wanu, nyumba yanu, zosankha zanu, kapena malo anu angafunikire kusintha. Izi zingawoneke ngati yankho lopambanitsa, koma ngati sukulu ya mwana wanu silingathe kumuthandiza, anzako amakhala osakondana, kapena ntchito zomwe mukuzikonda sizingatheke kwa mwana wanu autistic, mungafunikire kulingalira zosankha monga sukulu yapadera, yosiyana oyandikana nawo, kapena kusintha mwazinthu zanu.
Kulimbana ndi Zolakwika Zenizeni
Palibe kholo labwino limene angalange mwana chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwe ndiloyenera kapena losatha. Ana amalira. Ana a zaka ziwiri akumenyana ndi maphunziro a chimbudzi. Tweens amafunika kuthandizidwa kusamalira nthawi yawo. Komabe, palibe kholo labwino limene lingathandize kuti mwana wawo amame, kugunda, kukhumudwitsa ena, kapena kuchita zinthu zochititsa manyazi kwa iwo eni kapena ena.
Ndiko kuyesa kunena (kapena kulola ena kuti anene) "o bwino, iye ali wolumala, kotero sindiyembekezera zambiri." Koma ngakhale ziri zomveka kusintha zosowa ndikusintha mikhalidwe yochokera pa zosowa zapadera, aliyense amafunikira-ndipo amayenera-zonse zomangamanga ndi malire . Popanda zipangizo izi, n'zosatheka kudzimangira kudziletsa, luso lofunika kwambiri kuti likhale lodzilamulira, lokhazikika, lopambana, komanso kudzidalira.
Mofanana ndi mwana wina aliyense, ntchito yanu monga kholo ndi:
- Ikani ndi kulankhulana malire ndi ziyembekezo. Kukhumudwitsa anthu (mwathupi kapena m'maganizo) sikuli bwino. Kapena sikunama, kuchita zomwe mungathe kudzilamulira nokha, ndi zina zotero. Aliyense ayenera kudziwa malire ake ndi zoyembekeza; Ana omwe ali ndi autism angafunikire kuphunzira za malirewo mwachindunji, kupyolera mu kuphunzitsidwa, zida zowonetsera, nkhani zachikhalidwe, ndi zina.
- Dziwani makhalidwe oipa. Mukudziwa luso la mwana wanu, choncho muzochitika zambiri, mudzadziwa ngati iye akunama zabodza, kunyalanyaza malangizo anu, kapena kukhumudwitsa munthu wina.
- Yankhani mofulumira komanso momveka bwino. Ngati mukumenya mwana wanu wachinyengo, mumayenera kumvetsetsa bwino lomwe, chifukwa chake ndizolakwika, ndi momwe mumamvera. Sarcasm, "ubweya wozizira," kapena njira zina sungamvetsetse kapena kusanyalanyaza kwathunthu.
- Perekani zotsatira zabwino, zosasinthasintha. M'mayiko abwino kwambiri, khalidwe loipa la mwana wanu lidzabweretsa zotsatira zake zoipa (kudula mwadongosolo pansi pa nthaka sikukutanthauza chakudya cham'mawa). Nthawi zina, zotsatira zake zimakhala zopindulitsa kwa mwana wanu, osati TV, mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri.
- Perekani chithandizo chothandizira kusintha khalidwe. Ana ena amavomereza bwino mapindu opeza chifukwa cha khalidwe labwino (idyani kadzutsa bwino sabata imodzi ndipo ndikupangira chakudya chomwe mumachikonda Lamlungu). Ana omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amafunika kuthandizidwa mwamsanga kuti apeze ntchito yabwino; zomwe zikhoza kukhala ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono, apamwamba, kapena kumwetulira kwakukulu.
- Zindikirani ndikuyankha ku khalidwe labwino. Ndikofunika kuti mumvetsere pamene mwana wanu akuchita bwino komanso kuti adziwe bwino za zomwe amachita. Mwachitsanzo, "Joey, iwe wagwira ntchito yaikulu yogawana chidole chako ndi mlongo wako."