Matenda omwe amagwidwa ndi mabakiteriya amatha kukupangitsani mowopsa kwambiri
Bacterial vaginosis ikhoza kuwonjezereka kwa amayi oposa atatu miliyoni a ku America omwe amavutika nawo chaka chilichonse. Matendawa, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ambiri, amapezeka mwa amayi 15 mpaka 44 ndipo amachititsa kuti madzi azimayi asokonezeke, asungunuke, awotche, komanso fungo la "nsomba". Ngati osatulutsidwa, bacterial vaginosis ingakulepheretseni kudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana ndipo nthawi zina amatha kubereka kapena kubereka.
Kudziwa zizindikiro za bacterial vaginosis ndi njira yabwino yodzizitetezera kuti muthane ndi mavuto.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) imayamba chifukwa cha kusabvomerezeka kwa mabakiteriya mwachibadwa mu umuna , makamaka makamaka kuchepa kwa mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya abwino omwe amatchedwa lactobacilli. Izi zikachitika, mabakiteriya ena "oipa" amatha kukhala ndi matenda ambiri.
Mwa amayi 21 miliyoni ku US omwe amapanga BV chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi 84 peresenti sakhala ndi zizindikiro, malinga ndi lipoti la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mwa iwo omwe amachita, ambiri amaphatikizapo:
- Kutaya koyera kapena kofiirira komwe kumakhala kawirikawiri kumavala makoma a abambo
- Fungo la "nsomba" lomwe limatha kuwonjezereka pambuyo pochita zogonana
- Kuyaka kotentha pamene mukukota
- Chifuwa cha m'mimba, kufiira, ndi kutupa (kawirikawiri kumakhala kofatsa)
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi pambuyo pa kugonana
Ngakhalenso mkazi ataperekedwa bwino kwa BV, pafupifupi 50 peresenti adzapeza zizindikiro zobwereza mkati mwa miyezi 12.
Zizindikiro Zambiri
Nthawi zambiri, BV ikhoza kuyambitsa dysuria (kupweteka kovuta kapena kovuta) kapena dyspareunia (kupweteka kugonana). Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda amtundu ndi umuna.
Mavuto
Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza BV n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kungachepetse chiopsezo chachikulu.
Zinthu zitatu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndizoopsa za matenda opatsirana pogonana (kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka HIV), matenda opatsirana pogonana (PID), komanso kutaya mimba kapena kubereka.
Matenda opatsirana pogonana
Mabakiteriya vaginosis amadziwika ndi kutupa kwa ziwalo za m'mimba. Izi zikachitika, ziphuphu ndi mitsempha ya m'magazi imayamba kuphulika ndi kukula kuti maselo akuluakulu a chitetezo (monga macrophages ndi maselo osokoneza bongo) azikhala pafupi ndi malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuchiritsa, imakhalanso ndi vutoli: Zimapangitsa kuti tizirombo tomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamene zizindikiro za BV zili zovuta.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2018 wochokera ku St. Louis School of Medicine, chizindikiro cha BV chimaonjezera chiopsezo cha mimba , chlamydia , ndi trichomoniasis ndi 270 peresenti. Zomwezo zikuwoneka kuti zowona ndi zitsamba zamagulu ndi syphilis ; chiyanjano pakati pa BV ndi papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) sichidziwika bwino.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, amayi omwe ali ndi ziwalo zobisika zapadera (zomwe palibe zizindikiro zosadziwika) sanaoneke kuti ali pangozi yaikulu.
HIV
Mosiyana, ubale pakati pa BV ndi kachirombo ka HIV siwowoneka bwino koma wosalongosoka. HIV ndi matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira ndi maselo a chitetezo otchedwa CD4 T-cells .
Pamene mafinya a abambo amapezeka, maselo a macrophage ndi dendritic amasefukira minofu yowonongeka kuti athetse kachilomboko, kenaka amatha kutenga mavairasi ndikupita nawo ku T-maselo omwe amawathandiza kuti asawathandize.
Koma, mmalo mwa kupha mavairasi, CD4 T-maselowo amachilomboka. Pamapeto pake, chitetezo cha mthupi chimatiteteza kuti tipewe matendawa mosazindikira.
Ndipo, sizimayi okha omwe ali pachiopsezo. Ngati mayi ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chitukuko cha BV chingayambitse chinthu chodziwika ngati kutaya kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komwe kachilombo ka HIV kangabweretse chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV m'mimba kapena m'mimba.
Ngati izi zikuchitika, mkazi akhoza kutenga kachilombo kwa wokondedwa naye (nthawi zina, ngakhale atakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ).
Matenda Opaka Mafupa
Matenda a kutupa mafinya (PID) amayamba pamene kachilombo kabakiteriya kamadutsa mumimba ya chiberekero ndikupangitsa kufala kwa chiberekero ndi mazira. Ngakhale pakhala pali kutsutsana pankhani ya mgwirizano pakati pa BV ndi PID, 2013 umboni umasonyeza kuti PID ingakhudzire amayi oposa 25 omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zoopsa kapena zobwereza za BV.
PID imakhala ndi ululu wa pelvic ndi m'mimba, nthawi zambiri. Mavuto aakulu ndi awa:
- Kukula kwa minofu yofiira kunja ndi mkati mwa mazira omwe amatha kuwombera
- Ectopic pregnancy (mimba yomwe imabala kunja kwa mimba)
- Kusadziletsa
Mavuto Akutenga
Mabakiteriya vaginosis pa nthawi ya mimba ingakhalenso kuonjezera chiwopsezo cha kubereka msinkhu komanso kutuluka kwa amayi (nthawi zambiri mu trimester yachiwiri). Zowonjezereka zina zomwe zimatchulidwa ndizimene zimaphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi komanso kuperewera kwa msanga (PROM).
Kusonkhana pakati pa BV ndi mavuto okhudzidwa sikumveka bwino. Asayansi ena amakayikira ngati BV mwachindunji imayambitsa zochitika izi (chifukwa amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi pakati ndi BV ali ndi kubadwa kwachibadwa) kapena ngati mavuto ena omwe BV ali nawo ndi omwe amachititsa kuti azilakwa.
Pomwe zikunenedwa, umboni wamakono ukusonyeza kuti kukula kwa BV mu trimester yachiwiri kungapangitse chiopsezo cha kubadwa kwa mwana peresenti ndi 60 peresenti ndikupangitsa kuchulukitsa kasanu ndi kawiri pangozi ya PROM. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa maantibayotiki kumawoneka kuti kuchepetsa chiopsezo, kawirikawiri kumakhala zovuta.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Popeza mavuto ambiri a BV amapezeka ndi matenda ozindikiritsa, ndikofunikira kuona dotolo ngati zizindikiro zina ziwonekera. Musayesetse kudzifufuza nokha chifukwa izi zingayambitse mankhwala osayenera (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe alibe mphamvu pa mabakiteriya).
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzisamalire ngati muli ndi malungo, thupi, mavupa ndi / kapena mimba ya mimba, kapena kuvutika kukodza. Zonsezi zingakhale chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu kwambiri.
Komanso, ngati muli ndi pakati ndipo mukumva zizindikiro za BV, tcherani OB / GYN. Matenda oyambirira ndi chithandizo angapite patsogolo kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi mimba yabwino komanso yopanda chithandizo.
> Zotsatira:
> Allworth, J. ndi Peipert, J. "Kuwopsa kwa Bacterial Vaginosis ndi Kuopsa kwa Matenda Opatsirana pogonana." Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 205 (2): 113.e1-113.e6. DOI: 10.1016 / j.ajog.2011.02.060.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Zizindikiro za Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Mabakiteriya vaginosis ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 15-44." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa December 17, 2015.
> Nelson, D .; Bellamy, S .; Nachamkin, T. et al. "Makhalidwe ndi Mimba za Mimba za Amayi Oyembekezera Matenda a Bakiteriya Vaginosis." Matern Child Health J. 2008; 12: 216. DOI: 10.1007 / s10995-007-0239-7
> Taylor, B .; Darville, T .; ndi Haggerty, C. "Kodi Bakiteriya Vaginosis Imayambitsa matenda Opatsirana a Pelvic?" Sex Trans Dis. 2013; 40 (2): 117-22. DOI: 10.1097 / OLQ.0b013e31827c5a5b.