Inu simungaganize za ntchentche yanu mochuluka, koma iyo yakhala ikuyang'anirani inu. Ngati mulibe, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mukhale otetezeka ku matenda.
Kodi Spleen Wanu Amatani?
Kawirikawiri, mpeni wanu, chiwalo chokhala ndi mapaipi 4 omwe ali kumbali ya kumanzere kwa nthiti yanu, ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu la magazi ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Zimathandiza kusunga dongosolo la maselo ofiira a magazi ndi maselo oyera.
M'mawu ena, zimagwira ntchito monga fyuluta yamagazi. Amachotsa maselo ofiira a magazi akale ndikusunga maselo ofiira a m'magazi kuti awamasulire mwadzidzidzi, komanso amathandizanso kukonzanso chitsulo.
Ntchito ina: nthata yanu ikhoza kupanga ma antibodies kuti achotse mabakiteriya ndi maselo ena omwe amavala ma antibodies. Gawo lomaliza limathandiza kuti matupi athu asatuluke ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mwachidziŵikire, ngati tilibe chiwalo ichi, timakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa mabakiteriya, makamaka mtundu wina wa mabakiteriya omwe amatchedwa mabakiteriya omwe ali nawo chifukwa ali ndi makapu apadera (makamaka a polysaccharide) capsule akuwazungulira. Kodi mungathe bwanji kutaya ndulu yanu?
Ndani Amayesa Nkhunda Yawo?
Pali zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe anthu alibe ntchentche:
- Vuto kapena zoopsa
- Matenda a Chilombo Choyambitsa Matenda a splenectomy
- Kuchiza kwa matenda ena
Zoopsa: Chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri chokhala ndi nthenda yanu yakuchitidwa opaleshoni ndizoopsa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ngozi za galimoto ndi njinga zamoto komanso kugwa, nkhondo, ndi kuvulala kwa masewera.
Nkhumba ndilo opweteka kwambiri pamimba zovuta za m'mimba (1 peresenti 4 za kuvulala koteroko zimakhudza nthata). Mu ngozi za galimoto, kuvulala kotereku kungagwirizanenso ndi malo osayenerera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chikhomo chotsamira. Pangakhalenso zochitika za stabbings ndi mfuti zomwe zingakhoze kuvulaza nthata koma zosazolowereka.
Sikuti zonse zowononga phala zimafuna opaleshoni. Ochita opaleshoni amayang'ana nthawi zambiri kuti awone momwe munthuyo akuwonongera, ngati sikuli mwadzidzidzi, asanasankhe opaleshoni.
Cell Cell: Autosplenectomy imachitika mu matenda a sickle cell. Ku US, anthu 100,000 ali ndi maselo a sickle. Padziko lonse lapansi, opitirira milioni amachita. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Cell Sickle. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu iyi kumadalira kuti kusintha kwa majini kulipo. Kutaya kwa mpeni kumawoneka makamaka mu mtundu wochuluka wa Sickle Cell: Hemoglobin SS matenda. Matenda a hemoglobin SS amachokera ku makope awiri a hemoglobin S gene mutation. Mwa mtundu uwu, anthu nthawi zambiri amataya ndulu mwa njira yotchedwa "autosplenectomy." Panali nthawi zambiri zochitika za matenda ena zomwe zimayambitsa ndondomeko yomweyo.
Chithandizo cha matenda ena, monga matenda odzimadzimutsa: Ena adachotsedwa kuti athetse matenda, makamaka matenda omwe amadziwika nawo. Splenectomy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amodzi osadziwika makamaka -mmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Mu matendawa, chitetezo cha mthupi mwatsoka chimayambitsa mapiritsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matupi athu alibe zida zomwe amafunikira kuti azimitsa magazi.
Omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ma chitetezo cha mthupi amathamanga ngati izi zikhoza kukhala ndi mavupa ndi kutuluka mosavuta. Angakhalenso ndi malo ofiira pamilingo yawo. Matendawa amatha okha, koma ena amafunikira mankhwala. Ngati sizimachoka ndipo mankhwala sali okwanira, nthawi zina kuchotsa nthata ndi kulowerera komwe kumathandiza.
Palinso mavuto ena omwe angathenso kuthandizidwa ndi splenectomy. Nthawi zina splenectomy imafunika chifukwa wina ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zofanana ndi zobadwa monga cholowa chochokera kwa makolo kapena chiwerengero cha magazi m'thupi (AIHA).
Splenectomy nthawi zina, koma nthawi zonse, siyimitsa maselo ofiira a magazi pamene mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena samagwira ntchito.
Palinso zifukwa zina za splenectomy. Ngakhale kuti sizodziwika bwino, ena akhala akudwala matenda a thalassemia komanso thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Nthawi zina matendawa amatha chifukwa nthata yakula kwambiri kuchokera ku matenda ena . Ankachitanso nthawi zina kuti apeze chithandizo cha Hodgkin's lymphoma kuti athe kusankha chithandizo chabwino cha khansa.
Pafupi anthu 22,000 amataya nthenda yawo kupyolera mu opaleshoni chaka chilichonse ku US
Kodi Opaleshoni N'chiyani?
Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa mpeni wanu kumatchedwa splenectomy . Ku US, kawirikawiri imachitidwa ndi laproscopically (ndi kamera ndi zochepa zomwe zimawonetsedwa). Ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino, mukhoza kuchoka kuchipatala tsiku lomwelo ndikubwezeretsanso mu masabata awiri.
Mmene Mungadzitetezere ku Matenda Asanachitike Opaleshoni
Anthu omwe alibe mankhwalawa amatha kudwala chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ena, makamaka mabakiteriya omwe ali nawo (mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi makina okhutira m'magazi). Muyenera katemera musanachite opaleshoni, ngati mukukonzekera. Mitundu yambiri yamagetsi imayendetsedwa ngati mwadzidzidzi mutatha kusokonezeka komanso kukonzekera kwambiri nthawi zonse.
Ngati n'kotheka, muyenera kukhala ndi katemera milungu iwiri musanachite opaleshoni yokonzedwa. Ngati mudakali opaleshoni yachangu ndipo simungakhoze katemera musanafike (kapena katemera sankachitidwe opaleshoni chifukwa china), muyenera katemera katemera. Katemera ayenera kuperekedwa milungu iwiri kapena kupitirira atatha opaleshoni, koma musayembekezere motalika kwambiri.
Kodi ndi katemera uti omwe muyenera kulandira?
Pali zinthu zinayi zomwe muyenera kutemera katemera:
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Influenza
Muyeneranso katemera ku matenda onse omwe mungatetezedwe nawo, monga chikuku, mazira, rubella, varicella, ndi tetanus. Muyeneranso kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wina ngati mukufuna kuti mutenge kachilombo kaye kapena mukhale ndi mtundu umodzi wa katemera uwu.
Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis): Awa ndi mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis ndi / kapena sepsis. Katemera waukulu ndi quadrivalent. Ndiko kunena; imateteza mitundu ina ya N. meningitidis (Serogroups A, C, W-135, ndi Y). Zimachoka B kuti zisadziwike ngati sizitemera katemera. Serogroup X ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo alibe katemera.
H. Fluenzae mtundu b (Hib): Mabakiteriyawa ankakonda kwambiri chifukwa cha bakiteriya meningitis m'mana osachepera asanu mpaka katemera atayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimayambitsa matenda a chibayo ndi kupweteka kwa khosi komanso matenda omwe angakhale ovuta. Makamaka ndi matenda kwa ana, koma aliyense wopanda katemera ayenera katemera.
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Strep pneumo): Pali mitundu yambiri ya Strep pneumo, monga nthawi zambiri amatchedwa. Ndi vuto liti lomwe mumatetezedwa motsatira katemera omwe mumalandira. PCV 7 imateteza mitundu 7; PCV 13 yotsutsana ndi 13; Katemera wa polysaccharide PPSV23 umatetezedwa ndi 23 koma chitetezo cha mthupi sichinali cholimba ndi chitetezo.
Fluenza: Muyenera kupeza katemera wa chiwindi chaka chilichonse. Ndikutetezani ku matenda opatsirana kachilombo, monga omwe amachititsa chibayo, omwe muli pangozi ngati mukudwala ndi chimfine. Ambiri omwe amafa ndi chimfine amafanso ndi matenda a bakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezedwe komanso chitopa ndi fuluwenza.
Kodi Pali Mavuto Oyenera Kudandaula Pokuyenda?
Ngati mukuyenda mungakumane ndi nkhanza zomwe simungachite. Mukhozanso kukhala kwinakwake yomwe ili ndi nkhanza zosiyana ndi malo ena. Pali matenda enaake omwe mungakhale nawo pachiopsezo chachikulu. Ngati mukuyenda kumadzulo kwa Africa, onetsetsani kuti mutemera katemera wa meningococcal meningitis komanso kuti katemerawa akutha. (Katetezedwe ka katemera samatha nthawi zonse ngati tikufuna). Chimodzimodzinso, katemera wa pneumococcal sichikuphimba zovuta zonse ndipo ukhoza kukumana ndi vuto linalake pamene uli kutali.
Inunso mukhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a malungo ngati mulibe nthata. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi malungo prophylaxis ngati mukuyenda kumene mungakhale pangozi ndipo samalani kwambiri kuti muteteze udzudzu .
Mofananamo, ngati mukukhala kapena kupita kumalo komwe Babesia amapezeka, mungakhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu komanso ngati mulibe nthenda. Izi zikanakhala makamaka ku Nantucket kapena Munda Wamphesa wa Martha ku Massachusetts, komanso Block Island kuchokera ku Rhode Island ndi Shelter Island, Fire Island, ndi Long East-mbali zonse za New York State. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kuchitika m'madera ena a maikowa komanso m'madera ena akum'mwera chakum'maŵa ndi kumpoto kwakumadzulo, kuphatikizapo New Jersey, Wisconsin, ndi Minnesota. Pali milandu yosawerengeka (komanso yovuta) ku Ulaya. Babesia amatha kupatsirana mwazi.
Komanso, ena opanda ntchentche akhoza kukhala otsika kwambiri pamtunda wothamanga kapena ulendo wina pamene akuyenda paulendo wapansi. Ngati mutuluka, funsani dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wina za matendawa ndi zoopsa zilizonse zomwe mungakumane nazo.
Zovuta zina
Muyenera kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa zachipatala momwe mungagwirire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku thanzi lanu.
Anthu ena opanda nthenda, makamaka ana, amatenga mankhwala enaake opatsirana tsiku lililonse pa pempho la adokotala. Kupindula ndi kupweteka kwa izi kuyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala kapena dokotala wina. Kutenga antibiotics nthawi zonse kungakhale ndi zotsatira zosayembekezeka . Mukhoza kukhala ndi ma antibiotic kukana kapena kutenga matenda omwe amapezeka pamene mabakiteriya athu akale amafafanizidwa ndikusayika, choncho ndizofunikira kulankhula ndi a zachipatala za izi.
Ena amanyamula maantibayotiki nawo omwe amatenga nthawi yomweyo ngati ali ndi malungo kapena amadwala. Kenako amapeza chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yomweyo. Kuchiza mwamsanga kungathandize kuteteza matenda kuti asasokonezeke.
Vuto lina la matenda akuluakulu amachokera ku mabakiteriya otchedwa Capnocytophagia. Ndizifukwa zochepa zowopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa koma angathe kukhala matenda aakulu kwambiri kwa munthu wopanda ndulu. Kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuluma kwa galu, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina pakale imaluma. Zizindikiro zimayamba kawirikawiri tsiku limodzi, choncho muyenera kukonzekera ngati galu akuluma kuti adziwe mankhwala (ndipo akhoza kutenga mankhwala opha tizilombo monga penicillin ndi mankhwala ena omwe amatha kuchiza matenda).
Kodi Anthu Amachita Bwanji Mu Long Run?
Asayansi anayang'ana mmbuyo mwa asirikali omwe anathawa mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iwo adapeza kuti mwa aamishonale 740 a ku America adapeza kuti ambiri anakhala moyo wautali. Komabe, iwo awonjezereka kufa chifukwa cha chibayo (mwina matenda a Strep pneumo) ndi ischemic heart disease (matenda a mtima, mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti kuchotsa mvula yawo imakhudza dongosolo lawo la magazi ndi kuwapangitsa kuti aphimbe zambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti sizowopsa) .
Bwanji Ngati Muli ndi Nkhumba Yaikulu?
Kukhala ndi phula lalikulu amatchedwa splenomegaly. Ndi chinachake dokotala kapena dokotala wina ayenera kufufuza.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingathenso kukula. Chinthu chofala kwambiri ndi mono (mononucleosis yomwe imayambitsa EBV, Epstein Barr Virus).
Pali omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zambiri chifukwa cha magazi omwe anabadwira nawo, monga thalassemia kapena sarcoid. Ena ali ndi nthenda yaikulu chifukwa cha lymphoma kapena khansa ya m'magazi (kansa yamagazi) kapena magazi a magazi omwe amapezeka m'magazi ofunika. Ena amayamba kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi (monga matenda a chiwindi).
Kodi Mungakhale ndi Zambiri Zambiri?
Ndipotu, inde. Anthu ena ali ndi nthenda yoposa imodzi. Ena amabadwa ndi polysplenia (kapena mabala ambiri) omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi zochitika zina zobereka (kapena mavuto azachipatala atabadwa). Zina zimatha ndi pang'ono pakhosi zawo zosiyana ndi zina; izi kawirikawiri ndi "mpata wothandizira" womwe umabwera chifukwa cha zoopsa (kuphatikizapo kuchokera ku opaleshoni, ngakhale kuchokera ku splenectomy).
> Zotsatira:
> CD ya Robinette, Fraumeni JF. Splenectomy ndi zotsatira zowonongeka kwa ankhondo a nkhondo ya 1939-45. Lancet. 1977; 2 (8029): 127-9.
> Otsatira JM, Sambasivan CN, Zink K, et al. Splenectomy imatsogolera kudziko losalekeza lomwe limakhala lopweteka kwambiri pambuyo pozunzika. Am J Surg. 2010; 199 (5): 646-51.
> CDC. Katemera wa Asplenia.
> Halpert B, Alden ZA. Zowonjezera zimatuluka mkati kapena pamchira wa makoswe: kafukufuku pa zikwi zina 2,700 zina. Arch Pathol. 1964; 77: 652-654.