Njira zomwe madokotala amadziwira matenda a mtima zimasiyana mosiyana, malinga ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a mtima omwe tikuwawuza. Komabe, n'zotheka kufotokoza njira yomwe madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adziwe ngati akuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a mtima. Zikuwoneka ngati izi:
- Choyamba, tenga mbiri yakale ya zamankhwala.
- Chachiwiri, yesani kuganizira mozama.
- Pomaliza, sankhani mayesero omwe angakuthandizeni kuthetsa matendawa.
Mbiri Za Zamankhwala
"Kupeza mbiri yachipatala" kumangotanthauza kuti dokotala wanu akufunsani inu kuti mudziwe zizindikiro zamankhwala kapena madandaulo azachipatala omwe mungakhale nawo (ngati alipo) ndikutsitsa zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze zomwe zimayambitsa.
Malingana ndi zizindikiro zomwe mumalongosola, dokotala wanu angakufunseni mafunso ochuluka omwe akusonyeza zizindikirozi-zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zimawabweretsera, zomwe zimawachititsa kuti asiye, atakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji, atakhalapo, ndi zina zotero. Pali zizindikiro zina zofunikira kwambiri za mtima - kupweteka pachifuwa ndi syncope kukhala zitsanzo ziwiri zabwino-kutengera mbiri yachipatala mwakuya nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yofunikira kwambiri yowunikira.
Kusanthula thupi
Kufufuza kwa mtima kumaperekanso zifukwa zina zofunika zokhudzana ndi kukhalapo, kusapezeka, kapena mtundu wa vuto la mtima lomwe munthuyo angakhale nalo.
Matenda a mtima , valve ya mtima , congestive mtima failure , aortic aneurysm , ndi matenda a post-orthostatic tachycardia (POTS) , ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya mavuto a mtima omwe kafukufuku wamthupi nthawi zambiri amapereka ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri, matenda.
Kuyeza kwa Maganizo Opadera
Zoyezetsa zosiyana siyana zapangidwa kuti zithetse vuto la mtima. Ngakhale kuti mayeso odziwika bwino a mtima ndi omwe amachititsa kuti munthu adziwe matenda a mtima, ndiye kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri pamene dokotalayo ali ndi lingaliro labwino kwambiri. .
Mayeserowa akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo, ovuta kuchita, nthawi yowonjezera, ndipo nthawi zina amawononga. Choncho, kuyezetsa matenda a mtima kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati kuli kotheka, mwa njira yowunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti akudziwika kuti akudziwanila osati kungoyesera mayesero angapo, mfuti ya mfuti, kuti awone zomwe zikutembenuka.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, madokotala ayenera kudalira pa zomwe amapeza panthawi yomwe akuyesa kafukufuku kuti ayambe kufufuza, omwe amayesedwa kapena kuyesedwa bwino kuti ayang'ane, ndipo ngati pakufunikira mayeso oposa umodzi, ziyenera kuchitidwa. Mwa njira iyi, ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima dokotala wanu akhoza kupeza yankho lolondola mofulumira monga momwe zingathere, popanda kukuwonetsani ndalama zosafunikira kapena chiopsezo.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Komiti ya ECG imafotokoza ntchito zamagetsi ndipo imatha kudziwa zambiri zokhudza mtima wamtima komanso zizindikiro zofunika pa matenda a mtima omwe angakhale alipo (monga matenda oyambirira a mtima , kapena matenda oopsa a mtima .
Komiti ya ECG imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuti madokotala ambiri amaona kuti imeneyi ndi gawo lachidziwitso chabwino pa chaka.
Kuwunika Kwambiri
Machitidwe angapo alipo omwe amalola kujambula kwa electrocardiogram kwa masiku kapena masabata pa nthawi, kuti alembe nyimbo ya mtima pa nthawi yaitali. Machitidwewa amalola madokotala kudziwa matenda a mtima omwe amapezeka mosavuta komanso mobwerezabwereza.
Echocardiogram, kapena Cardiac Ultrasound
Phunziro la echocardiogram ndi mayesero osagwira ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuti apange fano la mtima wokonda. Maphunziro a echo ndi othandiza kwambiri pozindikira kuwonjezeka kwa zipinda za mtima, matenda a mtima wamagetsi , ndi mavuto a minofu ya mtima monga kuchepa kwa mtima kapena kuchepa kwa mtima .
Ndi phunziro lofulumira kwambiri kuti lichite, ndilololera, ndipo silikusowa ma radiation. Izi zimapangitsa echocardiogram kukhala chida chabwino chowonetsera ngati zolakwika za mtima zimaganiziridwa. Iyenso ndi mayeso omwe angapangidwe mobwerezabwereza, pakapita nthawi, kuti awone momwe vuto la mtima liliri.
Mapulogalamu a CT
Kujambula kwa CT , monga mtundu uliwonse wa CT, amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zothandizira ma CD kuti apange chithunzi cha mtima. Njira imeneyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofunafuna ndalama za calcium m'mitsempha yamakono , zomwe zikusonyeza kuti matenda a atherosclerosis alipo. Kansalu ya CT imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambirimbiri, kotero iyenera kuchitidwa ngati uthenga umene umapereka uli wothandiza kwambiri kuchipatala.
Maphunziro a MRI a mtima
Phunziro la MRI la mtima limagwiritsa ntchito maginito kumanga chithunzi cha mtima ndi zozungulira. Chiyesochi chingasonyeze tsatanetsatane wa anatomic, ndipo muzochitika zina zingakhale zothandiza pozindikira komanso kufotokoza ziwalo za mtima.
Kuyesa Kupanikizika
Kuyeza kupanikizika kwa mtima kumagwiritsa ntchito zingapo, komabe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pofuna kuthandizira kudziwa ngati matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha imayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi angchemia omwe angakhale ndi udindo wa angina , ndipo ngati atero, kuthandizira kuwona kuopsa kwa vutoli.
Kawirikawiri mayesero opanikizika amakhala ndi thallium scan , yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala owonetsera mavitamini kuti apange chithunzi cha mtima chomwe chimasonyeza ngati minofu ya mtima imathamanga magazi. Kuyeza kupanikizika kungathandizenso kuyang'anitsitsa mphamvu yotsutsa .
Catheterization ya Cardiac
Ndi mayeso ovutawa , kathetta ting'onoting'ono taikidwa mu mitsempha ya mitsempha ndipo timadutsa m'mitima ndi / kapena mitsempha yamakono. Mavuto angayesedwe mkati mwa mtima, ndipo utoto ukhoza kuikidwa mu mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi zipinda za mtima kuti mupange chithunzi cha x-ray cha kutuluka magazi.
Kufufuza kwa catheterization kuli ndi zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awonetsetse mitsempha yamtundu wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kapena akudziwika kuti ali ndi matenda a mitsempha. Catheterization ya cardiac imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka mankhwala, kawirikawiri, pogwiritsa ntchito angioplasty ndi kuika poizoni mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwalo zomenya.
Phunziro la Electrophysiology
Uwu ndiwo mtundu wina wa catheterization ya mtima, koma pakadali pano amphaka amatha kusungunuka m'malo mwa zikhomo zopanda pake. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aphunzire dongosolo la magetsi la mtima kuti adziwe kupezeka kapena kupezeka, ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtima wamagetsi. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popereka chithandizo chamagazi kuti athetse mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya arrhythmias.
Pendetsani Zamaphunziro Phunziro
Phunziro lapamwamba la patebulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito podula munthu ku tebulo yomwe ili ndi phazi pambali pake, kenako kukweza tebulo ku malo owongoka. Ndi matenda ena a mtima omwe amawongoka kwa mphindi 20 kapena kuposerapo akhoza kubereka mitundu ina ya mtima wosasinthasintha, makamaka mwa anthu amene akuganiza kuti ali ndi vasovagal syncope . Kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono kungathandizire kutsimikizira kuti akudwala matendawa.
> Zotsatira:
> Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Malingaliro a Cardiac Chamber Quantification Ndi Echocardiography Mwa Achikulire: Chotsitsimutsa Kuchokera ku American Society Of Echocardiography Ndipo European Association Of Maganizo Okhudza Maganizo. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28: 1.
> Nishimura RA, Carabello BA. Hemodynamics In Laboratory Of Catheterization Laboratory ya 21st Century. Kuthamanga kwa 2012; 125: 2138.
> Tracy CM, Akhtar M, Dimarco JP, ndi al. American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association 2006 Kufotokozera Zophatikizira Zophatikizira Zophatikizira Zophatikizira Zamagetsi, Catheterablation, And Cardioversion: Lipoti Lochokera ku American College Association / American Heart Association / American College Of Physicians Task Force On Clinical Competence and Training Developed Pogwirizana ndi Mtima Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: 1503.