Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo kulenga malembo kunalipo chabe m'masamba a sayansi. Masiku ano, kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu kumakhala kofufuzira kwambiri kafukufuku wa sayansi omwe angathe kuchiza matenda a anthu. Chinyama chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chinyama chenicheni cha nyama yomwe inapereka chidziwitso cha majini ( DNA ) ya chilengedwe chake. Mu chiwonetsero, mawuwo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza banja limodzi kapena mtundu wa maselo a kansa.
Asayansi angathe kuphatikizapo majini a anthu.
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito
Maselo ali ndi DNA. Mwachidule, kupanga chipangizo, DNA imachotsedwa ku imodzi mwa maselo ake. DNA iyi imayikidwa mu dzira la dzira lachikazi. Dzira losakanizika ndiyeno limayikidwa mu chiberekero cha nyama yazimayi kuti ikule ndikukula. Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yokhudza sayansi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupambana nazo. Zinyama zambiri zimamwalira asanabereke. Ngakhalenso atabadwa, nyama zamphongo zingakhale ndi zovuta zoposa thanzi komanso nthawi yochepa ya moyo.
Nyama yoyamba yamphongo inali nkhosa, dzina lake Dolly, yemwe anabadwa mu 1996. Kuyambira pamenepo pakhala pali zinyama zambiri, kuphatikizapo mbewa, mbuzi, nkhumba, ng'ombe, ndi abulu. Palibe zithunzithunzi zaumunthu, ngakhale kuti teknoloji yochita zimenezi ikhoza kukhalapo. Kuwongolera anthu ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cloning ku Matenda Otha Kuthetsa
Geni ndi gawo lina la DNA. Asayansi amatha kusonkhanitsa majeremusi mwa kuwamasula kuchokera ku chiwalo china kupita ku china ndikuwathandiza kuti aziwongolera.
Izi zimatchedwa kuti DNA yopanga mankhwala kapena DNA.
Kupanga chidutswa cha mluza waumunthu ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa cloning. Amatchedwa achire Kuchulukitsa, cholinga chake ndikulenga mazira a munthu kuti afufuze. Anthu ambiri amatsutsana ndi mtundu uwu wa cloning chifukwa mazira a munthu amawonongedwa panthawi yafukufuku.
Chimodzi mwa malo omwe amalonjeza kwambiri ndi kafukufuku wothandizira. Mu 2013, asayansi ku Oregon Health & Science University anali oyamba kulumikiza mazira kuti apange maselo ofunika . Maselo ammunsi amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunikira pa mankhwala chifukwa amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukudwala matenda a impso ndikusowa impso zatsopano. Wachibale angakhale macheza okwanira omwe angapereke impso kapena mungakhale ndi mwayi ndikupeza wothandizira wina aliyense. Komabe, pali mwayi kuti thupi lanu likanakana chiwalo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchepetsa mwayi umenewu, koma amachepetsanso chitetezo chanu cha mthupi .
Maselo a tsinde amatha kuthetsa vuto la kukanidwa kwagulu . Chifukwa maselo ofufuza akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa selo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ziwalo kapena minofu yomwe mukufunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito maselo anu. Popeza maselowo ndi anu, thupi lanu silikanatha kuwaukira monga ngati maselo akunja. Ngakhale maselo amkati ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, zovuta kupeza maselo amakhalabe. Maselo amayambira ndi mazira obiriwira kwambiri. Maselowa akhoza kukololedwa kuchokera ku zingwe za umbilical komanso ziwalo zina mu thupi lalikulu.
Mavuto a Njirayi
Maselo akuluakulu amafika povuta kukolola ndipo akhoza kukhala ochepa kuposa maselo ammadzi a embryonic.
Chovuta ndiye chimakhala momwe angapangire maselo akuluakulu ammabironi. Apa ndi pamene ofufuza a Oregon University of Health & Science alowa. Ntchito yawo inapereka mazira a anthu, kuchotsa DNA ya dzira, kenako n'kuiika ndi DNA yomwe imachokera ku maselo akuluakulu a khungu.
Labotoreyo idagwiritsira ntchito kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi magetsi kuti mwanayo akule ndikukula maselo ofooka. Maselo amenewa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, poganiza, kupanga ziwalo ndi ziphuphu za munthu amene adapereka DNA yawo ya khungu. Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyu akudalira kwambiri, kuyambitsa mazira a maselo amkati amakhalabe ovuta kwambiri.
Chitsime:
NPR. Asayansi Akuphatikiza Mazira Aumunthu Kuti Azipanga Maselo Atsulo (2013).
National Institutes of Health. Information Cell Cell