Zonse Kapena Zopanda Pake Pakati
Matenda a hypopigmentary, omwe amadziwika kuti albinism, amachokera ku chilema pakhungu, maso, ndi tsitsi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cholephera kugwira maselo a melanin (melanocytes).
Mitundu ya alubino yomwe imachitika nthawi zambiri ndi oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) mitundu 1, 2, ndi 3, ndi albinism ya ocular. Matenda ena omwe ali alubino monga chizindikiro ndi Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Hermansky-Pudlak matenda, ndi matenda a Waardenburg .
Albinism imakhudza amuna ndi akazi ndipo zikuwonekera kuchokera kubadwa. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti OCA mtundu 1 umapezeka mwa munthu mmodzi pa 40,000, OCA mtundu 2 umapezeka mwa munthu mmodzi pa 15,000, ndi albinism ochuluka mwa munthu mmodzi pa 50,000. Kafukufuku sanapezebe kuti nthawi zambiri OCA mtundu 3 umapezeka, ngakhale kuti zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za ku Africa ndi African American.
Cholowa cha Albinism
OCA mtundu 1 umayambitsidwa ndi jini pa chromosome 11 ndipo imachokera monga chodziwika chodziwika bwino, kutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kulandira majeremusi awiri ofooka kuti matendawa awoneke. OCA mtundu 2 umayambitsidwa ndi jini pa chromosome 15 ndipo imalandiranso monga khalidwe lodziwika kwambiri la autosomal. OCA mtundu 3 umayambitsidwa ndi jini pa chromosome 9 ndipo imalandidwanso mwa autosomal njira yowonjezera. Ulubino wa ocula umayambitsidwa ndi jini pa chromosome ya X (yaikazi). Chimodzimodzinso ndi matenda opatsirana , kutanthauza kuti mwamuna yemwe amachokera ku X chromosome imodzi yopanda chilema amakhala ndi albinism, koma mkazi ayenera kutenga ma chromosomes awiri osowa pokhala kuti ali ndi matendawa.
Zizindikiro za Albinism
Mitundu yonse ya alubino imakhala yopanda pigment, koma ndalama zimasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- OCA mtundu 1 nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti palibe mtundu wa pigment mu khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso, koma anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa ma pigmentation. OCA mtundu 1 umapangitsanso kuzindikira (photophobia), amachepetsanso maso, komanso diso limangodzimva (nystagmus).
- Mtundu wa OCA 2 umapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lochepa kwambiri pakhungu, tsitsi, ndi maso. Zimayambitsa mavuto a maso monga ofanana ndi OCA mtundu 1.
- OCA mtundu 3 wakhala wovuta kuzindikira chifukwa cha maonekedwe okha. Zakhala zowonekera kwambiri pamene mwana wonyezimira kwambiri amabadwira makolo amtundu wakuda. OCA mtundu 3 umayambitsanso mavuto a maso , koma osati oopsa monga a OCA mtundu 1.
- Olubinism ya ocula imakhudza maso okha, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zikhale zochepa. Iris ikhonza kuwoneka yopanda. Kuchepetsa maonekedwe a maso, nystagmus, ndi kuvutika koyendetsa kayendedwe ka maso kungachitike.
Kuzindikira Albinism
Albinism ilipo pakubadwa, ndipo kawirikawiri imapezeka kuti imachokera pa maonekedwe a mwanayo. Ngati kuli kotheka, kuyezetsa magazi kumatheka kuti atsimikizidwe kuti ali ndi matenda, koma izi sizichitika nthawi zonse.
Kuchiza Albinism
Palibe mankhwala kapena mankhwala olubino. Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi ulubino ali ndi khungu lachilonda khungu kapena ayi, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a dzuwa ndi kuvala zovala zokwanira pokhapokha kuti ateteze kuwononga khungu kwa khungu. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magalasi a dzuwa kumachepetsa zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa kuwala komanso kuteteza maso. Katswiri wa ophthalmatologist amatha kuchiza zizindikiro zina za maso kapena masomphenya.
Anthu omwe ali ndi ulubino ayenera kuwona khungu lachidziwitso nthawi zonse kuti awonedwe kansalu ya khungu. Albinism sichimasintha moyo wokhala ndi moyo kapena amakhala ndi zotsatira zina zoopsa za thanzi.
> Chitsime:
Boissy, RE (2003). Albinism. eMedicine, opezeka pa http: // www. emedicine.com/derm/topic12.htm