Kukwapulidwa ndi ubongo wa ubongo chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa magazi ku ubongo. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi ndi zotsatira za kuchepa kwa magazi, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya ubongo m'mtima, pamtima kapena pamutu. Mitsempha ya magazi yawonongeka chifukwa cha mavuto a nthawi yaitali monga kusuta, shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, cholesterol kwambiri ndi triglycerides m'magazi zimamatira ku khoma la mitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha yambiri ya magazi ikhale yochepa kwambiri komanso kupangidwanso kwa magazi kumalo osokoneza magazi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asatuluke mu ubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Komabe, nthawi zina vuto lokhudza magazi a munthu ndilo chifukwa cha kupwetekedwa. Matenda othamanga magazi amachititsa munthu kukhala wovuta kupanga mapiritsi osasamala, omwe amachititsa kukwapula kwa ischemic . Matenda opatsirana kumayambitsa magazi ambiri, omwe angapangitse zikwapu zakupha . Matenda ambiri amagazi omwe amachititsa kukwapulidwa ali olowa, ndipo ochepa amayamba ndi mankhwala. Dziwani zambiri za matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa magazi.
Matenda a Cell Yachilombo
Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amagazi amabadwa nawo. Ndi matenda omwe amachititsa matenda otchedwa 'odwala' a maselo ofiira a magazi. Kudwala ndi pamene kachilombo kofiira kamene kamasintha mwadzidzidzi mawonekedwe ake ozungulira, ndipo m'malo mwake, amasandulika kukhala mawonekedwe osalimba, osokonezeka.
Pamene munthu ali ndi matenda a sickle cell akudwala matenda kapena matenda, izi zingayambitse vuto la maselo ofiira omwe maselo ofiira amawomba ndipo amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chopanga magazi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a sickle ndi ochulukitsa 2-3x kuti amve kupweteka kuposa anthu omwe alibe matenda a ngodya. Komanso, munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a sickle cell amakhala ndi kachilombo msinkhu kusiyana ndi anthu omwe alibe matenda a ngodya.
Anthu ambiri okhala ndi matenda a sickle cell amapezeka ali mwana, ndipo kawirikawiri amadziwa kuti ali ndi matendawa zaka zambiri asanakhale ndi stroke.
Ngati muli ndi matenda a sickle cell, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matendawa ndikuteteza vuto la cellle la sickle, lomwe ndilo vuto la moyo wanu wonse.
Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Ndi matenda a X-linked, omwe amatanthauza kuti ngati munthu ali ndi X chromosome yomwe imayambitsa matendawa ndi X chromosome ina yomwe siimatengera matendawa, munthuyo sayembekezera kuti adwale matendawa. Popeza, amuna ali ndi X chromosome imodzi yokha, ngati X chromosome ikuyesa matenda a chikwangwani, ndiye kuti mnyamatayu adzadwala. Komabe, mkazi ali ndi ma X chromosomes 2, kotero ngati imodzi mwa ma chromosome ake a X akuyesa matenda a sickle cell ndi ena X chromosome sichizindikiro cha matendawa, mkaziyo sangakhale ndi zotsatira zake.
Kuphimba Magazi ndi Mapulotini Zovuta
Kupha magazi kumakhala kovuta kumayambitsa magazi. Mukadwala, thupi lanu limapanga magazi kuti asatayike magazi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi iliyonse imene mutsegula, thupi lanu limapanga magazi kuti asiye kutuluka magazi. Izi zimafuna mapuloteni ambiri ndi mahomoni omwe amachita mofulumira. Nthawi zina, mapuloteni omwe amaphatikizapo kupanga magazi amatha kukhumudwitsa kapena kupsa mtima.
Izi kawirikawiri zimachokera ku chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amabereka mwazi.
Matenda ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asapangidwe kwambiri ndi awa:
- Anapeza hyperhomocysteinemia
- Mapuloteni C kapena S kusowa
- Chofunika V Kusintha kwabwino
- Methyl-tetrahydro-folate-reductase (MTHFR)
- Kusintha kwa C677T
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Lupus anticoagulant
- Thrombocytosis
- G20210A prothrombin gene mutation
- Fibrinogen, chinthu cha XIII chibadwa chosadziwika
Mavuto onse otsekemera magazi ndi osowa. Komabe, ngati wina ali ndi matenda osadziwika popanda vuto lodziwika bwino, makamaka pamene munthuyo ali wamng'ono, matenda a clotting a magazi angakhale omwe amayambitsa stroke.
Mavitamini ambiri omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zachipatala sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayesedwe mwapadera omwe ali ndi matendawa, ndipo zotsatira za mayeso chifukwa cha matenda othamanga magazi zimatenga nthawi yaitali kubwerera. Ambiri mwa matendawa otsekemera magazi ndi achibale, kotero, monga gawo la kuunika kwa matendawa omwe amapezeka osataya magazi, dokotala wanu angafunse ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja lachilendo cha magazi, kapena ngati muli ndi vuto lofalitsidwa.
Kusuta Mavuto
Matenda odzola zimakhala zovuta kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi magazi abwino. Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'magazi, mukhoza kutuluka kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe mukufunira mutatha kudula. Matenda ena omwe amachititsa kuti magazi awonjezeke kwambiri amatchedwa hemophilia. Kutaya magazi mu ubongo ndi vuto losavuta la matenda obadwa m'magazi. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa mapuloteni amodzi kapena ambiri omwe thupi lanu limafunikira kupanga magazi abwino.
Ndikosavuta kukhala ndi vuto limodzi lokha la magazi, ndipo ngakhale pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, ndizosavuta kukhala ndi zilonda zoopsa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake. Kuperewera kwa magazi komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa magazi kumaphatikizapo zofooka zazikulu za FV, FX, FVII ndi FXIII. Dokotala wanu akhoza kuitanitsa mayesero pa vuto limodzi kapena angapo mwazidzidzidzi ngati mwadzidzidzi, mwazi mwadzidzidzi (mwazi) mu ubongo. Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angayambe kaye kaye kayezetsa kafukufuku (PT) kapena nthawi ya thromboplastin (PTT) kapena 'nthawi yakupha' kuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto lokha magazi omwe amaletsa kuti magazi anu asamawonongeke bwino.
Khansa
Khansara imakhudza thupi m'njira zingapo. Imodzi mwa njirazi ndi kupanga magazi kukhala oyenerera kupanga magazi ochuluka kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansara amakhala ochepa kwambiri pa magazi omwe angabweretse mitsempha yam'mimba ndi zikwapu. Ndipotu, anthu omwe ali ndi khansara amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha 20 peresenti. Izi zingakhale zotsatira za chemotherapy, koma khansa yokha ingapangitse thupi kukhala lovuta kuti likhale ndi stroke.
Si zachilendo kwa wina yemwe ali ndi khansa kuti adwale matenda a kansa asanatengedwe. Komabe, ngati wina ali ndi vuto linalake losadziwika bwino, gulu lachipatala lingayese kansa kuti liwone ngati izo zingakhale zifukwa za kupweteka kosadziwika. Ngati muli ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa sitiroko ya cryptogenic, mukhoza kukhala ndi mayeso angapo a magazi kuti muwone ngati pali matenda a cryptogenic, monga matenda a magazi kapena khansara.
Magazi Otsatira Magazi
Ochepa magazi ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuti magazi asamawonongeke. Kutaya magazi ndi chimodzi mwa zotsatira zoyipa za ochepa magazi . Ngakhale si zachilendo kuti magazi opatsirana magazi azitulutsa mwazi mu ubongo, ikhoza kuchitika monga vuto la ochepa magazi. Izi zimatchedwa kupwetekedwa kwa magazi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti chichitike pamene mlingo wa magazi wochepa kwambiri ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Thandizo la Hormone
Mapiritsi oletsa kubadwa ndi odwala otchedwa estrogen kapena testosterone-based hormone mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kokhala ndi magazi, kuphatikizapo zikwapu. Kuopsa kwa kupweteka kwapakati chifukwa cha mapiritsi ochepetsa kubereka ndi otsika, ngakhale kuphatikiza ndi mapiritsi oletsa kubereka kumawopsa. Chiyanjano pakati pa ma ARV ndi mankhwala ozunguza thupi ndi ovuta kwambiri. Mungathe kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kugwirizana pakati pa mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga estrogen , erythropoietin, ndi testosterone .
Vitamini kapena Herbe Overdose
Pali mavitamini ndi zitsamba zochepa zimene zingakhudze magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwidwe ndi ischemic kapena kupweteka kwa magazi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti vitamini K, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira, amawathandiza kuti azikhala ndi magazi abwino. Kuwonjezera pa vitamini K, pogwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi kapena jekeseni kungayambitse magazi. Zitsamba zina monga gingko ndi ginger zingayambitse magazi mopambanitsa, makamaka mwa anthu omwe atenga kale magazi monga aspirin. Ndibwino kuti mukhale osasamala mukatenga mavitamini ndi zitsamba. Mukhoza kudziwa zambiri za momwe mavitamini ndi zitsamba zimakhudzira ubongo.
> Zotsatira:
Martínez-martínez M, Cazorla-García R, Rodríguez wa Antonio LA, Martinez-sánchez P, Fuentes B, Diez-tejedor E. [Kugonjetsa ndi Kusokonezeka Kwachikali mwa Odwala Achinyamata]. Neurologia . 2010; 25 (6): 343-8.
> Siboni SM, Zanon E, Sottilotta G, et al. Kusungunuka kwapakati kwapakati pa odwala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Haemophilia . 2012; 18 (1): 34-8.
> Gwiritsani ntchito JJ, Lanzkron S, Urrutia V. Epidemiology, Kufufuza ndi Kuchiza Mankhwala a Sitiroko mwa Achikulire Ndi Matenda a Chilombo cha Matenda. Katswiri Rev Hematol . 2011; 4 (6): 597-606.
> Taccone FS, Jeangette SM, Blecic SA. Choyamba-Kusowa Koyamba Ngati Poyamba Kuwonetsa Khansa Yachilengedwe. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis . 2008; 17 (4): 169-74.