Ngati pali mbiri ya chakudya kapena chilengedwe chakumidzi m'banja lanu, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala pangozi yoti apange zakudya zowonjezera .
M'mbuyomu, madokotala adalimbikitsa kuchepetsa nthawi yowonjezera zakudya zina kwa ana omwe ali pangozi. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wawonetsa kuti kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zakudya zowonjezereka kungathe kuonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi chiwopsezo chokwanira cha zakudya.
Mu 2008, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) inasintha njira zake zowonjezera zitsulo kwa ana ndi makanda omwe ali pachiopsezo cha chifuwa cha zakudya . AAP tsopano akuyamikira kuyamwa kokha kapena hypoallergenic njira ya miyezi 4 mpaka 6 yoyamba, kenaka kulengeza pang'ono mwa zakudya zolimba, imodzi panthawi.
Mwezi Yoyamba Zinayi
Mwana wanu wakhanda amafunikira zakudya zokha zokha. AAP imalimbikitsa kuyamwa mwana wanu yekha kapena kudyetsa mwana wanu hypoallergenic .
Mayi onse omwe ali ndi mkaka komanso omwe ali ndi ma soyoni asonyezedwa kuti ayambe kuika chiopsezo cha zakudya m'thupi mwa ana omwe ali pangozi. Ngati simungathe kuyamwitsa kapena ngati mwana wanu akumvera mapuloteni a zakudya m'kaka lanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa ana anu za mankhwala ovomerezeka a hydrolyzed formula kwa mwana wanu.
Palibe umboni wakuti kupeŵa zakudya zina pamene kuyamwitsa kumateteza zakudya zowonongeka kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mwana wanu kupanga chakudya chokwanira.
Komabe, pakhala pali maphunziro omwe apeza kuti ana omwe ali ndi chiberekero cha atopic sangakhale ndi zochepa pamene amayi awo amapewa zakudya monga mazira ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe.
Miyezi 4 mpaka 6
Pamene mwana wanu amatha kukhala pansi ndi kuthandizira ndipo ali ndi chidwi ndi zakudya zolimba zomwe ena akudya, ali wokonzekera zakudya zake zoyamba.
Poyamba, kadyetsani mwana wanu supuni imodzi kapena ziwiri za zakudya zoperewera kapena zakudya zoyera kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku.
Ngati mwana wanu ali pangozi yowonjezera zakudya, ndikofunika kulengeza zakudya imodzi panthawi. AAP ikukulimbikitsani kukhazikitsa chakudya chatsopano kwa masiku atatu musanayambe kupita ku chakudya chatsopano kuti muthe kuyang'anira zotsatira zomwe zingayambe kuchitidwa ku chakudya.
AAP ikuyamikira choyamba kulengeza zipatso, masamba, ndi tirigu . NIAID njira zothandizira odwala zakudya zowonjezera zimanena kuti palibe umboni wachipatala wouza kuchepetsa zakudya zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo mazira, mazomera kapena tirigu.
Pali kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zakudya zowonjezereka zosapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kungawonjezere mwayi wodwala matendawa pakapita nthawi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wa ana za zolinga zanu zowonjezera zolimba.
Monga ndanenera pamwambapa, AAP ikuyamikira kupereka zakudya imodzi panthawi imodzi. Komabe, nyemba zambiri zapadera zapachirepa ndi zakumwa zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri. Mukhoza kupeza zakudya zochepa zomwe zili ndi chakudya chimodzi chokha, koma palibe chitsimikizo chakuti chakudyacho sichinawonongeke mu chomera.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yowonjezeramo zakudya zatsopano kwa mwana wanu ndiyo kupanga chakudya cha mwana wanu kuti muthe kuyendetsa bwino ndikudziwitseni zomwe ziri mu chakudya.
Miyezi 6 mpaka 9
Pamene mwana wanu akudyetsa zakudya zake, n'zosavuta kuzindikira kuti ndi zakudya ziti zomwe mwasankha komanso zakudya zomwe zingakhale zovuta. Lembani mndandanda womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku furiji ya zakudya zomwe mwalongosola ndi zomwe mwaziwona. Ngati mukuganiza kuti chakudya chimayambitsa chisokonezo, zizindikiro za m'mimba, kapena chizungu, musayambe kudya chakudyachi kwa masabata 4 mpaka 6 ndikuyesetsanso kuyambitsa chakudya. Zimene munaziwona zikhoza kukhala zochitika mwangozi - mwana wanu akadatha kukhala ndi chimfine kapena akudya nthawi yomwe mudayambitsa chakudya nthawi yoyamba.
Mwana wanu akaphatikiza zakudya m'thupi mwake, ndibwino kusakaniza chakudyacho ndi zakudya zina zomwe mumadziwa kuti zili bwino. Pakangotha miyezi ingapo kuti muyambe kudya zakudya zolimba, mwana wanu akhoza kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
- Mkaka wa m'mawere kapena mankhwala
- Nyama
- Mazira
- Nsomba
- Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
- Mbewu za tirigu
- Tofu kapena zakudya zina za soya
- Zakudya zomwe zili ndi kapeni kapena mtedza (koma palibe mtedza wonse)
Miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri
Mwana wanu angayambe kudya zakudya zala chakumapeto kwa miyezi isanu kapena itatu. Zakudya zina zoyambirira zakumwa zala zakumwa ndi nthochi, ma biscuits ochepeta, mbatata ya mbatata yophika, ndi zokolola zooneka ngati O.
Ngati mwana wanu sanayambe kulandira zakudya zina, mukhoza kuyamba kumudyetsa zakudya zing'onozing'ono zomwe banja lonse likudya. Ngati muli ndi mphero, mumatha kungopera timapuni tating'ono tomwe timadya chakudya chamadzulo. Apo ayi, mungathe kusiyanitsa zakudya zimene mwana wanu angathe kuzidya, monga Zakudyazi kapena gawo la mbatata yophika.
Ndibwino kuti mudyetse mwana wanu tchizi kapena yogurt, koma musamupatse mkaka wa ng'ombe kuti amwe mpaka atabereka tsiku loyamba.
Ngati mwana wanu wapanga zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, kupeza mabakiti okhwima ndi zakudya zina zakonzeka kungakhale kovuta. Muyenera kuphunzira kuwerenga malemba kuti mudye chakudya chokonzekera kuti muteteze mwana wanu.
Zakudya Zimene Muyenera Kutaya Mpaka Mwana Wanu Atakwanitsa Miyezi 12
Zakudya zina ziyenera kuchedwa mpaka mutangoyamba kubadwa kwa mwana wanu, chifukwa cha zakudya zokhudzana ndi zakudya kapena chakudya. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Mkaka wa ng'ombe : Mkaka wa ng'ombe wa ng'ombe ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mkaka wa anthu kapena mkaka wa makanda, umene wapangidwa kuti ufanane ndi mkaka wa anthu. Kudyetsa mkaka wa mwana wanu wa ng'ombe kungayambitse kufooka kwa zakudya. Pambuyo pa tsiku lobadwa la mwana wanu, mukhoza kumudyetsa mkaka wonse wa ng'ombe monga gawo la chakudya choyenera.
- Uchi: Uchi ukhoza kukhala ndi botulism spores, ndipo m'mimba mwa mwana wako sizowonongeka kuti awononge spores (ana okalamba ndi akuluakulu m'mimba ali ovomerezeka kuti achite izi).
- Mtedza kapena mtedza: Mitedza yonse ndizoopsa kwa ana ndi makanda. Peanut bata ukhoza kukhala pangozi ya ana ocheperapo 2. Ngati banja liri ndi mbiri ya nthenda kapena nkhanu, perezerani dokotala wanu zachipatala kuti mugwiritse ntchito zovuta zamankhwala pa ofesi ya dokotala musanayambe mafuta a mandimu kapena mtedza.
- Zowopsa zina zowononga , monga mapulasitiki, mphesa zonse, zidutswa zotentha kwambiri, mazira a tchizi, masamba a masamba osapsa kapena zipatso, kapena chakudya chokoma monga peanut butter.
Kulimbana ndi Malangizo Otsutsana
Nkhuta ndi batala zimayambitsa mavuto owopsa kwa ana, komabe kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zakudya zopitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kungapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo chokhala ndi nthendayi. Kodi makolo oyenera kuchita chiyani?
Chifukwa chakuti maphunziro atsopano akufalitsidwa nthawi zonse, malangizo odyetsa akhoza kusintha chaka ndi chaka. Njira yabwino yothetsera uphungu wotsutsana monga uwu ndikulankhulana ndi mwana wa mwana wanu kapena mwana wodwalayo. Akhoza kulingalira mbiri ya mwana wanu wamankhwala ndi chiopsezo chokhazikitsa zakulera zakudya, komanso malangizo atsopano omwe akudyetserako, ndikupatseni malangizo othandizira kuti mupange zitsulo kwa mwana wanu.
Zotsatira:
American Academy of Pediatrics. Kupita ku Zakudya Zolimba. http://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/pages/Switching-To-Solid-Foods.aspx?nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR% 3a + palibe chizindikiro + chapafupi
Greer FR, Sicherer SH, Burks AW; Komiti ya American Academy of Pediatrics ya Zakudya Zakudya; Gawo la American Academy of Pediatrics pa Zotsatira Zopangira Zofuna Zachilombo ndi Immunology.Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oyambirira pa chitukuko cha matenda a atopic kwa ana ndi ana: udindo wa kusamalidwa kwa amayi oyembekezera, kuyamwa, nthawi yowonjezera zakudya zowonjezera, ndi ma hydrolyzed formula. Matenda. 2008 Jan; 121 (1): 183-91.
Koplin, J, et al. Kodi kuyamba koyambirira kwa dzira kumathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda? Kuphunzira kwa anthu. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Vesi 126, Ndime 4. October 2010
Gulu la akatswiri lothandizidwa ndi NIAID. Malangizo Othandizira Kuzindikira ndi Kusamalira Chakudya Chakudya ku United States: Lipoti la Komiti Yowunika Zothandizira NIAID. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Volume 126, Issue 6, December 2010
Nwaru BI, et al. Zaka pa kukhazikitsa zakudya zolimba m'chaka choyamba ndi kukhumudwitseka kwa zaka zisanu . Matenda a 2010; 125: 50-9.
Poole JA, et al. > Nthaŵi yoyamba kukolola mbewu za tirigu ndi chiopsezo cha zokolola za tirigu. Matenda a ana 2006; 117: 2175-82.
Thygarajan A, Burks AW. American Academy of Pediatrics amalimbikitsa zotsatira za njira zoyamba za zakudya pa chitukuko cha matenda a atopic. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008 Dec; 20 (6): 698-702.