Kulemba kwachinsinsi kumakhala kofala ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovomerezeka
Malingana ndi Pew Research Center, mu 2016, anthu 77 pa 100 alionse a ku America anali ndi smartphone. Nambalayi imaposa kawiri zomwe zinkachitika pamene Pew Research Center inayamba kuyendera pulogalamu ya smartphone mu 2011. Pambuyo pake, 35 peresenti ya anthu a ku America ali ndi matelefoni. Kuwonjezera apo, mu 2016, kunakhala kukwera kwakukulu kwa umwini pakati pa anthu achikulire ndi anthu opeza ndalama zochepa.
Mafoni awo ali paliponse, ndipo kufalikira kwawo kukukula.
Kuwonjezera pakuimbira foni, mafoni a m'manja angathe kuchita zambiri. Amatha kujambula zithunzi, kuwombera mavidiyo, kusewera nyimbo, ndi kupeza intaneti. Angathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulembera olemba dokotala popanda kudziwa dokotala.
Mwachinsinsi kujambula zokambirana zachipatala zingamveke zowonongeka, koma mu 39 mwa 50 akuti, ndizovomerezeka. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti zochitika zachipatala zolembedwera zingakhale zopatsa mphamvu ndi maphunziro kwa odwala. Komabe, madokotala ambiri amayesetsa kuti azilemba zolemba zawo zazomwe zikuyandama kwinakwake kunja uko.
Kodi Zimakhala Zofanana Motani?
Palibe deta yambiri yokhudzana ndi momwe kujambulira kwachinsinsi kulili; nkhaniyi yangoyamba kutchuka.
Phunziro limodzi laling'ono la ku UK, Elwyn ndi olemba anzawo adapeza kuti 15 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwawo adanena kuti adalemba zochitika zachipatala popanda chilolezo, ndipo 35 peresenti ya ophunzira adaganiza kuti akuchita.
Komanso, pa kafukufuku womwewo, 11 peresenti ya madokotala adayankha kuti akudziŵa kuti alembedwa mwachinsinsi ndi wodwala m'mbuyomo. Malingana ndi olemba a maphunzirowo, "69 peresenti ya anthu omwe anafunsidwawo anasonyeza kuti akufuna kulemba zochitika zachipatala, kugawikana mofanana pakati pa kufuna kuchita mwakuya kapena ndi chilolezo."
Kodi Mlandu Uli Wotani?
Dziko lirilonse liri ndi ma filtapu komanso malemba olemba. Malamulowa amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku boma kupita ku boma malinga ndi maphwando amodzi kapena awiri ayenera kuvomereza kulembera zokambirana, motero amatchulidwa kukhala mabungwe okhaokha kapena maulamuliro onse a chipani, motero. Chiwerengero cha anthu 39, makumi asanu ndi limodzi (50) komanso District of Columbia ndizozipanikizana-chipani chimodzi chomwe chiyenera kuvomereza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, m'madera amenewa, ngati wina akufuna kulemba munthu wina-kuphatikizapo kulumikizana kwachipatala-ndilamulo.
Pali 11 zipani zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsa anthu onse odwala komanso odwala ayenera kuvomereza kukamba nkhani: California, California, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Pennsylvania, ndi Washington. M'madera awa, ndi zolakwika kwa wodwala kulembera dokotala popanda chilolezo.
M'madera a chipani chimodzi-kapena ku United States ambiri-ngati wodwala akufunsa kuti alembe zochitika zachipatala ndipo wodwala akukana, wodwalayo akhoza kupitiriza kulembetsa zochitikazo. Wodwala ayenera kusankha kuti apitirize kapena kuthetsa vutoli.
M'madera onse a chipani, wodwala ayenera kufunsidwa ndi wodwalayo kuti alembe zochitika zachipatala.
Kujambula kulikonse kovomerezeka kunganenedwe ndi wodwala kuchipatala. Zotsatira zotheka zikuphatikizapo malipiro a zovulaza, malipiro a woweruza, ndi ndalama zina, pofalitsa zojambula kudzera pa intaneti zikuonedwa kuti ndi kuphwanya kwina.
Nanga bwanji HIPAA?
Monga momwe zilili ndi zolemba zonse zachipatala, HIPAA Ulamuliro Wodzisungira Umene umaphatikizapo mavidiyo kapena mavidiyo olembedwa ndi a zaumoyo, ndondomeko yaumoyo, kapena nyumba yosungiramo zathanzi. Komabe, HIPAA samawonjezera ku zolemba zomwe wodwalayo amalemba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mu maulamuliro a chipani chimodzi, wodwala akhoza kugawira zojambulazo monga zosangalatsa.
Kodi Kupindula Kwabwino N'kutani?
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti odwala amaika phindu lalikulu pa zojambula zojambulidwa pamagulu odwala. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndemanga ya 2014, Tsulukidze ndi anzake adapeza kuti, pafupifupi 72 peresenti ya odwala anamvetsera zokambirana zolembedwa. Komanso, 60 peresenti ya odwala anagawina mawotchi awa ndi okondedwa ndi ena. Kwa mbali zambiri, zojambulazi zawonetsedwa kuti zikhale bwino kukumbukira odwala ndi kumvetsa zomwe iwo ali nazo.
Zofukufuku zina zikusonyeza kuti odwala komanso achibale awo nthawi zambiri amavutika kumvetsetsa zomwe zimafotokozedwa panthawi yomwe adalandira udindo wawo chifukwa chakuti ali ndi chisoni komanso zovuta. Zolembazo zikhoza kuseweredwa mmbuyo pamene wodwala ndi achibale akukonzekera bwino kumvetsetsa uthenga, chitsogozo, ndi uphungu. Akatswiri a zachuma amadziŵa za zodabwitsa izi kwa nthawi ndithu, chifukwa chake zojambula zojambula zimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe akudwala khansa.
Mufukufuku wa ku UK wotchulidwa kale, Elwyn ndi olemba anzawo apeza kuti chofunika kwambiri cholemba zochitika zachipatala ndichokulitsa chithandizo chaumoyo ndi kugaŵana zochitika ndi ena. Komabe, odwala ena amanena kuti akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo ngati umboni wosamalidwa bwino.
Madokotala Amamva Bwanji?
Makamaka kuntchito, anthu ochepa amakonda kulembedwa popanda chilolezo; madokotala sali osiyana.
Pogwiritsa ntchito JAMA , Rodriguez ndi Morrow lembani izi:
Zonse sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito za zokambiranazi zomwe zili zothandiza kwa odwala komanso madokotala. Odwala kapena achibale omwe sagwirizana ndi uphungu wa madokotala awo kapena omwe amakwiyitsidwa ndi madokotala awo pazifukwa zirizonse zomwe zingawathandize kufotokoza ndemanga pa zolembedwera izi ndipo, ndi zochepa zozizwitsa, zimawafalitsa iwo kudzera muzofalitsa. Odwala amatha kulemba zokambirana ndi cholinga chenichenicho chokhazikitsa maziko a mlandu kapena kusonkhanitsa dokotala.
Komanso, ngati dokotala akukayikira kapena pambuyo pake atapeza kuti kukumana kukulembedwa popanda chilolezo, ubale wa dokotala-wodwala akhoza kuvutika. Choyamba, madokotala awa akhoza kukhulupirira kuti iwo anakanidwa kuti avomereze kujambula. Chachiwiri, madokotala angaganize kuti angathe kusanthula ndi kudalira wodwalayo.
Mawu Ochokera
Pamapeto pake, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala, opanga ndondomeko, ndi mabungwe olimbikitsa odwala ayenera kubwera pamodzi kuti akwaniritse malangizo ndi malangizo okhudza zolembera.
Pakadali pano, lingakhale lingaliro labwino kwa madokotala muzipani zodzipangira yekha kuti adziwone kuti akugwiritsidwa mwachinsinsi nthawi iliyonse yomwe akukumana nayo. Dokotala amatha kupitiriza popanda kulola nkhawa zilizonse zokhudza kulembedwa kuti zisokoneze chisamaliro, chithandizo cha mankhwala, kapena malingaliro okhudza wodwalayo.
Mwinanso, dokotala akhoza kufunsa ngati kukumana kwake kukulembedwa, kufotokoza movomerezeka, ndi kuphunzitsa wodwalayo za ntchito ndi ntchito zabwino zojambula izi.
Pomalizira, ngakhale palibe lamulo, zingakhale zovuta kuti wodwalayo adziwe wodwala kuti akukonzekera kulemba zochitikazo. Kuchita zimenezi kungalepheretse vuto lililonse, mantha, kapena kukwiya kwa dokotala.
> Zotsatira:
> Elwyn, G, Barr, PJ, Castaldo, M. Kodi Odwala Angapange Zolemba za Misonkhano Yachidwi? JAMA. July 10, 2017.
> Elwyn G, Barr PJ, Grande SW. Odwala akujambula zochitika zachipatala: njira yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu? Kufufuza ndi njira zosiyana. BMJ Open. 2015; 5: e008566.
> Rodriguez, M, Morrow, J. Makhalidwe a Odwala ndi Mabanja Mwachinsinsi Kulembera Kukambirana Ndi Odwala. JAMA. 2015; 313 (16): 1615-1616.
> Smith, A. Malipoti a anthu a ku America tsopano ali ndi mafoni a m'manja, ali ndi banju lalikulu. Pew Research Research. www.pewresearch.org.
> Tsulukidze, M, ndi al. Kupereka kujambula kwa odwala kuchipatala kwa odwala - Kupititsa patsogolo kwamtengo wapatali koma kusagwiritsidwa ntchito mosapindulitsa: Kuwunika kwazithunzi. Maphunziro a Umoyo ndi Uphungu. 2014; 95: 297-304.