Kanthu kakang'ono kamene kamathandizira kumvetsa chomwe chithunzithunzi cha patellar chiri. Mtundu wa patella, kapena kneecap, ndi umodzi mwa mafupa atatu omwe amapanga mawondo. Mmodzi wa mafupawa ali ndi khungu la chitetezo pomwe malo awo amatha kulankhulana. Patella imayambanso ndi tendon. Mtedza uwu umagwirizanitsa mitsempha ya quadriceps ya ntchafu mpaka m'kati (tibia) pansi pa bondo.
Chotupachi chimakhala chokwera pansi ndi pansi pansi pamtunda wa fupa lakuda ngati bondo likugwa. Kuphulika uku kumatchedwa trochlea. Chombochi chimapangidwa kuti chigwirizane pakati pa malo otchedwa trochlear groove. Kwa anthu ena, mawotchi amawotchera kunja kwa malo osungunuka. Pamene izi zimachitika, mawotchi sagwedezeka mkati mwake - timatchula kuti kugonjetsa.
Zizindikiro
Malingana ndi kuopsa kwa kugonana kwapadera, kuyendayenda kosayenera sikungapangitse munthu kuti adziwe zizindikiro zake, kapena zingayambitse kusokoneza patella (komwe kneecap imatuluka kuchokera ku pulasitiki). Kawirikawiri, kusamvana kwapadera kumapangitsa kuti munthu asamachite ntchito ndi ululu kumbali zonse za bondo, zomwe zimatchedwa syndrome ya patellofemoral, kapena PFPS.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za ululu wa kneecap amapezeka ndi patella subluxation kapena maltracking ya patella.
Nkhanizi, ndi makina a momwe mawondo amaweramitsira, amaganiza kuti ndizowunikira zizindikiro zomwe zimachokera ku ululu wa bondo kuti zisokoneze bondo.
Zimayambitsa
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimakhudzidwa chifukwa cha kugonjera. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti zifukwa zingapo zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa kneecap.
Zinthu zoterezi zikuphatikizapo mapepala ochulukirapo, pulasitiki yopanda mawonekedwe a kneecap, ndi zosavuta zomwe munthu amapeza.
Zakhala zokhudzidwa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa za momwe minofu yathu imathandizira kutsogolo kwa kneeap pamene ikugwada pambali. Makamaka minofu yozungulira mchiuno imalingaliridwa kuti ndiyo minofu yofunika kwambiri pakulamulira makina a mgwirizano ndi momwe kneecap imasunthira pamene mgwirizano ukugwa.
Kawirikawiri, kupweteka komwe kumagwirizanitsa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera kumatchedwa PFPS. Zina zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa kneecap zimaphatikizapo nyamakazi ya knee , tendonitis ya patellar (bondo la Jumper), ndi matenda osokoneza bongo . Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti sizomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa kneecap chabe chifukwa cha kugwirizanitsa, komanso zinthu zina zingakhale zofunikira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka komanso mankhwala omwe ayenera kulangizidwa.
Chithandizo
Pali njira zambiri zamankhwala zomwe mungasankhire pofuna kukonza kugwirizanitsa, ndipo njira yoyenera kwambiri imadalira kukula kwa chikhalidwe ndi chifukwa cha malo osalimba a kneecap.
Chithandizo ayenera poyamba kuonetsetsa kuti patella sichimasokonezedwa. Dokotala wanu angadziwe mwa kufufuza bondo lanu ndikupeza x-ray kuti awone ngati kneeapap ili kunja kwa phokoso lake.
Kwa anthu okhala ndi mawonekedwe a kneecap, kneecap angafunikirenso kutchulidwanso, amadziwikanso kuti "kuchepetsedwa."
Udindo wa kneeapap umadalira osati pa minofu yeniyeni yozungulira pambali ya mawondo, komanso minofu yomwe imayang'anira malo ake onse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene fupa la ntchafu likuzungulira, mawotchi amatha kukoka kunja kwa trochlea. Izi ndizo chifukwa chake kulimbikitsa chikhazikitso cha pachimake ndi m'chiuno kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pofuna kukonza makina a mawondo ndi kuthandizira kugonjetsa patellar.
Thandizo la Thupi
Chithandizo chimaphatikizapo mankhwala achizolowezi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa minofu yomwe imayang'ana osati bondo lokha komanso m'munsi mwake.
Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti kutsekemera kwa quadriceps kwina sikofunika kwambiri kuthetsa mavuto a kneeapap. Kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kumapiri ndi minofu yotsekemera (yomwe imatchedwa kuti stabilization stabilization exercises) imapereka chithandizo chabwino cha kneecap mwa kulimbikitsa ntchito ya mapeto onse.
Mitsuko ndi Tepi
Kugwedeza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe a kneecap ndichinthu chokangana pa kukonzanso mavuto a mawondo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapereka mpumulo wamaganizo, koma sizothetsera vuto la nthawi yaitali. Komabe, ngati wodwala ali ndi mpumulo wamaganizo ndi chingwe kapena tepi, ndithudi ndibwino kuti mupitirizebe ndi mankhwalawa.
Kusankha Mamaseche
Nsapato zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpata . Kuwombera mthunzi kumathamanga nsapato kungakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono pamene muthamanga ndi kuchepetsa kupanikizika pa kneecap.
Opaleshoni
Odwala ena sachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osavuta komanso opaleshoni angafunikire , makamaka odwala amene amamva kupweteka kwambiri kapena kusokonezeka . Poyang'anitsitsa bondo ndi arthroscope, dokotalayo amatha kuyesa makina a mawondo kuti atsimikizire ngati pali vuto lomwe lingakonzedwe.
Zina mwa njirazi zothandizira opaleshoni ndizo:
- Kutulutsidwa kwapambuyo : Kutulutsidwa kwanthawi ina ndi njira yopaleshoni yomwe imatulutsidwa kuti imamasule kukoka kwa mitsempha yolimba ndi khungu yamagulu pambali pa bondo. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri njira yosavuta yochitira opaleshoni, imakhala yochepetsera kusintha kwapadera.
- Kumangidwanso kwa Ligament: Kukonza kapena kubwezeretsa mitsempha pambali mwa bondo lomwe limakoka mkatikatikati mwa bedi lakhala mankhwala ochiritsira. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumachitidwa kukonzanso mgwirizano wapakati wa patellofemoral (MPFL) pambali mwa bondo.
- Matenda Okhazikika: Panthawi zovuta kwambiri, zizindikiro zowona mafupa zingakhale zofunikira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mawonekedwe a mafupa, kawirikawiri amasintha malo a tibial tubercle, omwe amawatsogolera kutsogolo kwa kneecap.
Pamene opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala chida chothandizira kuthana ndi mavuto a kneeapap, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetse bwino cholinga cha opaleshoni ndi momwe njirayi idzathandizire kuthetsa vutoli. Kwa zaka zingapo, opaleshoni yamakono yowonjezera, komanso ndondomeko yotchedwa releaseal lateral, chifukwa cha mavuto osokonezeka a kneecap.
Pamene odwala ena amatha, ena sankachita bwino ndi opaleshoni. Kuchita opaleshoni yokha, popanda kumvetsa vuto lenileni la kukonza, lingapangitse zotsatira zosakhutiritsa. Kambiranani za njirayi ngati adokotala akukulangizani ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndizofunikira pazochitika zanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Ntchito ya Kneecap ndi yofunika kwambiri ku mawotchi oyenera a mawondo, ndipo pamene kneecap sichitiyidwe bwino, anthu amatha kumva ululu ndi kulemala. Kukonzekera kwa kugonana kwapadera ndi kusokonezeka kungathe kuchitidwa ndi chithandizo chopanda chithandizo, ndipo chithandizo chachikulu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimapangidwira kukonza makina a m'munsi.
Komabe, pali zochitika zomwe opaleshoni zingakhale zofunikira. Muzochitika izi, kusankha opaleshoni yoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze chithandizo ndi mankhwala.
> Zotsatira:
Smith, T. Donell, S. Nyimbo, F., Hing, C. Makampani a National Health Library of Medicine. "Kupanga opaleshoni popanda mankhwala opanda opaleshoni pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa kneecap." Oct 2014.
> Koh JL, Stewart C. "Patellar kusakhazikika." Orthop Clin North Am. 2015 Jan; 46 (1): 147-57.