Kutsutsana Kukupitirirabe pa Zotsatira za Zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo Zowopsa za Chithokomiro
Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zoposa 60, boma la federal lasintha malingaliro okhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa fluoride m'madzi akumwa . Malangizowo atsopanowa amasonyeza kuti mapiritsi oyenera ayenera kudulidwa pafupifupi theka, kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 1.2 milligrams a fluoride pa lita imodzi ya madzi kupita ku mlingo watsopano wa ma milligrams a fluoride pa lita imodzi.
Malinga ndi Wachiwiri Wachiwiri wa Opaleshoni Dr. Boris Lushniak, "Kusintha kulimbikitsidwa chifukwa tsopano anthu a ku America ali ndi magwero ambiri a fluoride, monga mankhwala opaka mano ndi pakamwa kuposa momwe amachitira poyerekeza ndi madziwa ku United States.
Zotsatira zatsopano zoterezi zidzateteza kuteteza kuteteza madzi kutentha kwa madzi ndi kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa mano a fluorosis. "
Dental fluorosis ndi kutuluka kwa mano, chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa fluoride. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mawanga azitsuka, komanso kuwonjezeka kwamtundu wa fluorosis kungapangitse madontho a bulauni ndi kutuluka kwa mano. Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pafupifupi 41 peresenti ya anthu a ku America a zaka zapakati pa 12 mpaka 15 ali ndi fluorosis, ndipo mlingowo ukuwonjezeka. Kodi kutentha kwa thupi kumawoneka bwanji? Pano pali chithunzi chomwe chimasonyeza zofatsa kwambiri, zofatsa, zochepa, komanso zovuta kwambiri.
Kutsutsana kwa Fluoride
Akuti anthu awiri mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a madzi akumwa madzi amadzimadzi, poyerekeza ndi Western Europe, kumene anthu 3% okha amamwa madzi otentha. Bungwe la American Dental Association ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo a federal akupitiriza kutsimikizira kuti fluoride ndi yotetezeka komanso kuti chiwopsezo cha thanzi ndicho chimakhala ndi fluorosis, chomwe amachiwona kuti chidzagwiridwa ndi malangizo omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa magawo.
Kutsimikiziridwa kuchepetsa magulu a fluoride sikumakhutiritsa otsutsa a fluoride, amene amagwirizanitsa ndi kutuluka kwa fluoride ku matenda ambirimbiri. Fluoride Action network imakhala ndi mndandanda wa zochitika, pamodzi ndi zolemba zafukufuku, zogwirizanitsa fluoride ndi nyamakazi, zotsatira za m'mimba, kupweteka kwa mafupa, zotsatira za ubongo, matenda a impso, khansara, kubala kwa amuna, matenda a mtima, shuga, kusokonezeka kwa endocrine, ndi matenda a chithokomiro, pakati pa zina.
Michael Connett wa Fluoride Action Network adayitanitsa kutha kwa fluoridation ku US.
Ife tikuwona kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kuti United States iyambe kutsata njira yomwe dziko lakumadzulo limayendetsa ndikuyimira madzi ake. Zimapangitsa kuti anthu omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito fluoride kuti asakanize mano awo, azilavulire, ndipo mumagwiritsira ntchito fluoride ku minofu yokha yomwe imapindula. Ndipo simukuwonetsa minofu iliyonse m'thupi.
Wotsutsa wina wamkulu ndi Dr. Philippe Grandjean, wofufuza zachipatala komanso wa zachilengedwe ku yunivesite ya Harvard. Dr. Grandjean amakhulupirira kuti ziŵerengerozo ziyenera kukhala zochepa, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la fluoride. Payekha, nkhawa zake zimagwirizana ndi kafukufuku omwe amasonyeza kuti m'munsi mwa ana omwe amawoneka ndi fluoride. Malinga ndi Fluoride Action Network, kufufuza kwa anthu 43 mwa makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi (50) omwe adafufuzidwa kafukufuku wapeza kuti kutuluka kwa fluoride kumayenderana ndi kuchepetsa IQ. Pa malo ake, Dokotala Wokonzekera Ubongo, Dr. Grandjean wanena kuti:
Zomwe mwapezazi, ana omwe ali ndi mano a fluoride-omwe amachititsa mano awo - ngakhale mitundu yofatsa kwambiri yomwe imawoneka ngati ma whitish whitish pa enamel - inasonyeza zotsatira zochepa m'mayesero a ubongo. Izi zikusemphana ndi nzeru yodziwika kuti zotsatira za enamel zikuimira vuto la zokongoletsa okha osati chizindikiro cha poizoni. Ngakhale mmodzi mwa ana asanu a ku America ali ndi mano ambiri ... Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana pakati pa mano ndi ubongo wa ubongo kumafunikanso kudziwika bwino, kukhalabe wosatsimikizika sikuli chifukwa chothandizira kutsutsana ndi chiwonetsero. Kupewa kukhetsa ubongo wa ubongo kumayenera kuonedwa ngati kofunikira monga chitetezo cha caries (cavities).
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa m'magazini ya Environmental Health adapeza kuti kumakhala ndi madzi okwera kwambiri a madzi otentha omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha Chisokonezo Chokhudzidwa Kwambiri Kumavuto kapena ADHD. Zimene adapeza pofufuza zawo ndizakuti peresenti imodzi yokha yawonjezeka ndi fluoridation inagwirizanitsidwa ndi pafupifupi 67,000 mpaka 131,000 zina za ADHD m'zaka za 2003 mpaka 2011.
Malinga ndi William Hirzy, wofufuza kafukufuku ku American University, ndi amene kale anali wofufuza sayansi ku Environmental Protection Agency:
Chiŵerengero cha milandu yowonjezereka yogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa peresenti imodzi mu 1992 yopangira fluoridation [ziwerengero] ndi zazikulu. Mwachidule, zikuwonetseratu kuti ngati madzi akuwombera madzi akuwonjezeka, momwemonso chiwerengero cha ADHD.
Chiyanjano cha Chithokomiro
Matenda amodzi okhudzana ndi matenda a fluoride ndi omwe angakhudze kutentha kwa chithokomiro . Pakhala pali maphunziro ena omwe amagwirizanitsa matenda a chithokomiro kuti chiwonongeke, pamene ena sanasonyeze kugwirizana.
Magazini ya February 2015 ya Journal of Epidemiology ndi Community Health, komabe, inafotokozera kufufuza kwakukulu komwe kunachitika ku England, poyerekeza ndi hypothyroidism mitengo m'madera osiyana ndi a fluoridated.
Iwo adapeza kuti malo okhala ndi madzi omwe amapezeka ndi fluoridated anali oposa 30 peresenti oposa hypothyroidism , poyerekeza ndi madera otsika a fluoride. Kawirikawiri, panali 9 peresenti yambiri ya chithokomiro chopanda mphamvu m'madera otentha.
Malingana ndi kafukufukuyo, "West Midlands (malo omwe amadziwika bwino ndi fluoridated) amakhala oposa kaŵirikaŵiri kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa hypothyroidism poyerekeza ndi Greater Manchester (omwe si fluoridated area)." Iwo anatsiriza kuti: "Zomwe anapeza pa phunziroli zimadzetsa nkhaŵa zina zokhudzana ndi momwe fluoridation ikuyendera ngati njira yabwino yathanzi."