Momwemo, Ndi Ochuluka Angati Kapena Ovuta Kwambiri?
Q: Ndi chinsinsi chochuluka bwanji chiwerengero cha anthu ogontha komanso omvera omwe amamvetsera ku United States (ndi dziko)?
A: Ndi angati a ife omwe alipo. Palibe amene akudziwa kwenikweni. Pali ziwerengero zina za anthu zomwe zilipo, koma zimakhala zosakhalitsa kapena zosadalirika chifukwa anthu ena safuna kudzizindikiritsa kuti ali ndi vuto lakumvetsera, kapena mawonekedwe a mafunso sangapemphe mwachindunji ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lomvetsera.
Chiŵerengero cha anthu chiwerengerocho chinachokera ku 22 miliyoni ogontha komanso osamva kwambiri mpaka akumva osamva mamiliyoni 36 ndi omvera kwambiri. Mwa awa, ochepa okha ndi omwe "amamva" ndipo ena otsalira ndi ovuta kumva. Ziwerengero zowonongeka ndizokuti anthu ena "ogontha" amakhala osamva kwambiri, ndipo ena "anthu ovuta kumva" angakhale osamva. Pali zowonjezereka kwa ife ndi zomvera zomwe makampani amadziwa kuti angathe kugula zinthu zambiri za anthu.
Ziwerengero zimasungidwa ndi mabungwe awiri a Federal: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) yomwe ili pansi pa Centers for Disease Control (CDC), ndi US Census Bureau. Malinga ndi NCHS, kuyambira 1994 anthu a ku America mamiliyoni 4.5 - chiwerengero chochepa cha chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamva - anali kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zothandizira kuthana ndi vuto lakumva.
Mwa izi, chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kumva thandizo, ndipo chinthu chosavuta kwambiri "chipangizo" ndicho womasulira.
Ngakhale anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva ndi anthu achikulire amene ataya kumva ndi msinkhu wawo, pafupifupi 12 mwa anthu 1,000 aliwonse omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva ali ndi zaka zoposa 18, malinga ndi ziwerengero za NCHS zomwe zilipo posachedwapa.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwayi ndi wopambana kuti wophunzira mmodzi mu sukulu ya mwana wanu adzakhala ndi vuto lomvetsera.
Census Bureau imapereka chiwerengero cha anthu olemala ndi ntchito, kuchokera ku Survey of Participation and Program Participation (kutenga nawo mbali pulogalamu yothandiza anthu). Deta imeneyo ili ndi manambala kokha mwa zikwi, osati mamiliyoni. Chitsanzo chimodzi chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimawonekera kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha chiwerengerochi ndi chakuti anthu omwe amamvetsera mwatcheru kwambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lakumva.
Gallaudet Research Institute imaperekanso ziwerengero zake ndi zina, kupyolera muzolemba zake. Kuwonjezera apo, maboma ena a boma akhoza kukhala ndi ziwerengero zawo za kuchuluka kwa kutaya kwa kumva mu boma. Mwachitsanzo, Komiti ya Arizona ya Anthu Ogontha ndi Osowa Kumva ali ndi chiwerengero cha anthu a boma.
Zotsatira:
- NCHS Ziwerengero Zolemala
- Census Bureau: Dongosolo la Kulemala ndi Ntchito (Adobe PDF File)