Mwachidule
Narcan, yomwe imatchedwanso dzina lakuti Naloxone Hydrochloride, ndi opioid agonist-mankhwala omwe angathandize kuthana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala opioid monga morphine, oxycodone ndi heroin. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati munthu atenga mankhwala ochulukirapo ndipo akukumana ndi zizindikilo zowonjezereka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupanda kanthu komanso kupuma pang'onopang'ono.
Narcan ndi mankhwala ofulumira, opatsidwa kuti ateteze imfa chifukwa cha kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa zaumoyo ophunzitsidwa. Nthawi zina, munthu wina m'banja kapena wokondedwa akhoza kupereka mankhwalawa ngati alipo. Chifukwa chosintha malamulo ku United States, Narcan ndi yowonjezera kwambiri kusiyana ndi momwe amachitira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. M'madera ena palibe mankhwala omwe amafunikira kuti apeze mankhwala awa pa pharmacy.
Chifukwa Chake Narcan Imagwiritsidwa Ntchito
Zotsatira za opioid zambiri zitha kukhala zoopsa komanso zowopsya. Matenda a kupuma komanso kupuma kwa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kuti azipuma mokwanira kuti apitirize kuthandizira thupi, amatha kufa. Kuchulukanso kumayambitsa kusamvera, kumapangitsa ophunzira kugwirizanitsa mpaka atakhala aang'ono kwambiri, kukhoza kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa magazi ndipo pamapeto pake kungawononge imfa ngati wodwalayo sakulandila mwamsanga.
Narcan imasintha zotsatira za opioids, zomwe ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha poppy ndipo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu.
Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala onse opweteka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga heroin. Silikugwira ntchito pa mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zisonyezo
Narcan imagwiritsidwa ntchito pangozi kuti iwononge zotsatira za kuwonjezera. Ngati wodwalayo sakulabadira kapena akuvuta kuwuka ndipo mwamsanga akubwerera ku tulo, izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kuwonjezera.
Kupuma pang'onopang'ono kapena kupuma nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziranso kuti kuwonjezera pa kupitirira. Kuthamanga kwa mtima kumakhala kocheperapo kuposa kawirikawiri. Wodwala angakhale ndi milomo yabuluu kapena amawonekera kwambiri. Kulowa mwachangu n'kofunikira kuti tipeze moyo wa munthu amene akusowa kwambiri.
Pamene zina kapena zizindikiro zonsezi zikuwonekera, kugwiritsa ntchito Narcan n'koyenera. Zotsatira zake ndizodziwikiratu ndipo nthawi zambiri wodwala amayamba mwamsanga pakapita mphindi ziwiri kulandira mankhwala, ndipo akhoza kudzuka mu nthawi yowopsya kapena yowopsa kwambiri. Kuuka kwadzidzidzi pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe ka Narcan kumatengedwa ngati kutsimikiziridwa kuti kudutsa kwa opioid kunalikuchitika.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Narcan ndi kochepa, popeza kuti mankhwala sangathe kuvulaza munthu amene akuganiza kuti ndi wodetsedwa, pakadali pano, kuvulaza kwa Narcan kungakhale koopsa kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito Narcan.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Pambuyo Opaleshoni
Anthu omwe amachitidwa opaleshoni nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mankhwala opioid kuti athe kuthandizidwa ndi ululu umene amamva pambuyo pa opaleshoni . Mankhwalawa akhoza kuperekedwa ndi IV, piritsi kapena mapiritsi, kapena ngakhale kuperekedwa ngati chigamba. Popeza kupweteka ndi mbali yowonjezereka yakubwezeretsa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni, kuyang'anira mankhwala opweteka pambuyo poti opaleshoni imakhalanso wamba.
Mankhwala akuluakulu a opioids, kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala ambiri omwe amachepetsa kupuma kwa munthu angapangitse kutsegula kwambiri. Mankhwalawa angaphatikizepo mankhwala opweteka, mankhwala a chifuwa, antihistamines (monga Benadryl ), mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga Ativan ), ndi mankhwala ogona. Kuopsa kwa kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ndipamwamba kwambiri pamene munthu apatsidwa mankhwala ambiri omwe amadziwika kuti amayambitsa. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu yotchedwa sedation imatanthauza kuti wodwalayo wagona ndipo amagona zoposa nthawi zonse, koma milandu yowonjezera imakhala yofunikira mwamsanga.
Kuopsa kwa kuwonjezera pa mankhwala pophatikizapo kupweteka kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana ndi apamwamba pamene wodwalayo samamwa mankhwalawa nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale kuti sizodziwika, ena mwa odwalawa adzapeza zotsatira za mankhwala opweteka kwambiri omwe ali ovuta kwambiri kuti athe kusintha mofulumira kwa opioid mu thupi lawo.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya overdose ndipo Narcan amangogwira ntchito kuti asinthe zotsatira za opioids. Wodwala amene wapatsidwa mankhwala okhudza kugona kwambiri kapena mankhwala osokonezeka sangathandizidwe ndi mankhwala. Wodwala amene wapatsidwa mankhwala ambiri omwe amaphatikizapo opioids akhoza kukhala ndi phindu linalake, koma nkofunika kukumbukira kuti Narcan angagwiritse ntchito ntchito kuti asinthe mbali ya opioid ya overdose, osati mankhwala ena omwe wodwalayo angakhale atatenga.
Ulamuliro
Narcan ndi mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe kudzera mu IV kapena ngati mankhwala amphongo. Mu chipatala, Narcan amaperekedwa kudzera mu IV. Pakati pa odwala matendawa, kapena pamene EMS imayankha kuitanitsa, kupopera kwapakhosi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sikufuna kuti IV iyambe isanayambe kumwa mankhwala.
Mukapatsidwa kudzera mu IV, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndi othandizira odwala.
Pamene mankhwala amaperekedwa ngati utsi wamkati, aliyense akhoza kupereka mankhwalawa. Ngati wodwala akuganiza kuti ndi wodetsedwa kwambiri, 9-1-1 ayenera kuchitidwa pamene wodwala akufunikira thandizo linalake ngakhale kuti Narcan ndi yothandiza. Narcan sayenera kuperekedwa ngati wodwala sakuwonetsa zizindikiro za kuwonjezera.
Wodwala ayenera kutembenuzidwa kuti apite kumbuyo kwake, ndipo utsi wa phulusa uyenera kuikidwa mu mphuno. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mwa kukankhira piritsi pa mankhwala kuti apiritsire mankhwalawa mwachindunji m'mphuno. Ngati mankhwalawo sali othandiza, yesetsani kupopera mankhwala amphongo wachiwiri mumphindi ina ndikubwezeretsanso mlingoyo kwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngati wodwalayo asamayankhe, pitirizani kupereka mankhwala maminiti awiri kapena atatu ngati wodwala sakuyankha, akudikira kuti ambulansi ifike.
Ngati wodwala asiya kupuma, yambani CPR ndikupitirizabe CPR mpaka wodwala ayamba kupuma kapena EMS ikafika kuti itenge. Pitirizani mlingo wa Narcan ngati mankhwala ena alipo, mpaka wodwalayo atenge kapena EMS ikafika.
Mphuno ya Narcan yamphongo sichitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, ngati wodwalayo akusowa mlingo wa mlingo woyenera muyenera kupereka mlingo umene uli nawo koma mazira ena sungakhoze kupezeka kuchokera kumtundu wothandizira.
Kubwereza Dose
Nthawi zina, zotsatira za Narcan zingagwire ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa ndipo wodwalayo amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zowonjezereka. Pachifukwa ichi, mlingowo ukhoza kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti uletse zotsatira zowonongeka za opioids mu thupi. Mlingo umodzi wa Narcan ukhoza kukhala wokwanira kuthana ndi opioids m'magazi a wodwala ndipo ndi wamba kuti mulingo uliwonse uperekedwe. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake nkofunika kuti EMS (911) iwonetsedwe mwamsanga ngati kugwedezeka kwachitika, monga momwe anthu ambiri alibe mankhwala ambiri a Narcan mosavuta.
Ngozi
Chiopsezo chachikulu cha Narcan ndi chakuti akhoza kuchotsa mwamsanga ma opioids mwa anthu omwe ali oledzera. Kuledzeretsa kotereku kungakhale koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera nthawi yayitali kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga heroin. Pamene Narcan wapatsidwa, imangowononga zotsatira za opioids ndipo ikhoza kutumiza wodwalayo kuti achoke mwamsanga. Zizindikiro izi zikuphatikizapo: kunyoza, kusanza, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kutuluka thukuta, kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kuthamanga, mphuno, kutentha, malungo, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kusintha kwa mtima.
Nthawi zambiri kasamalidwe ka Narcan kakhoza kutengera kufooka. Izi zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, makamaka kwa achinyamata komanso okalamba kwambiri. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, mwa anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi opioids kwambiri mlingo wochepetsetsa wa Narcan amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutayika kwina koma osakwanira kuti asinthe mankhwala onse m'thupi.
Narcan sichitha kuchitidwa nkhanza ndipo amawoneka kuti ali otetezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amayi apakati. Izi zinkati, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mayi asatulukidwe komanso mwanayo ngati mayiyo amamwa mankhwala opioid. Sidziwika ngati Narcan ndi yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amayi omwe akuyamwitsa.
Narcan ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa odwala ambiri, ndi mlingo wochokera kukula kwa wodwalayo. Kuchotsa mwadzidzidzi ma opioids a ana omwe akulandira ana omwe amalandira mankhwala opweteka nthawi zonse akhoza kukhala oopsa komanso oopsa.
Kupezeka
Narcan ndi yapadera chifukwa angathe kuuzidwa kwa wina amene akufuna kupereka kwa wina. Mu mankhwala a mankhwala a United States nthawi zonse amalembedwa kwa munthu yemwe ati adzalandire. Mwalamulo, zolemba sizilembedwa m'dzina la munthu mmodzi ndi cholinga chakuti munthu wosiyana azizitenga, ndipo ayenera kusungidwa mu chidebe choyambirira ndi dzina la munthu yemwe adauzidwa. Nkhano ndi yodziwika bwino kwa malamulo ndi malamulo awa. Malamulo adayikidwa muzinthu zambiri zomwe zimalola Narcan kuti alembedwe ndikudzazidwa ndi munthu amene akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kupulumutsa wina. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a Narcan angaperekedwe kwa kholo lomwe lili ndi mwana wodwala heroin, kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati akuloledwa mopitirira muyeso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti Narcan akhale wapadera mu mankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala.
Kusungirako Moyenera
Narcan ndi yovuta kwa onse kutentha ndi kuwala. Sitilekerera kukhala pamatentha pamwamba pa 104 choncho sayenera kusungidwa m'galimoto kapena malo ena kumene kutentha kungakhale kochuluka. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa m'dera loyera, louma komanso lozizira.
> Chitsime:
> Mankhwala othandizira kusinthika kwa opioid sedation. https://www.drugs.com/condition/reversal-of-opioid-sedation.html
> Narcan Kufotokozera Zambiri. https://www.narcan.com/pdf/NARCAN-Posankha-Information.pdf