Aphasia , yomwe ndivuta kuyankhula, ndi vuto lodziwika kwambiri pambuyo pa kupwetekedwa mtima, makamaka matenda osokoneza bongo . Odwala opweteka omwe amakhala ndi aphasia, mankhwalawa ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo pambuyo pa kupwetekedwa. Nthawi zambiri, apassia ndi chisokonezo pakupanga, kukonza, kapena kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, makamaka chifukwa cha kupwetekedwa.
Pali njira zingapo zamachiritsira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya aphasia.
General Mfundo
Makhalidwe angapo a mankhwala awonetsedwa m'maphunziro ang'onoang'ono kuti apititse patsogolo zotsatira za mankhwala.
- Mosasamala mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsatira zake ziri bwino ngati mphamvu ya mankhwala yayamba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, maola angapo a mankhwalawa adzapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ngati aperekedwa mu magawo angapo pamasiku angapo m'malo mochita masewera ambiri masiku ambiri.
- Kupindula kwa mankhwala aphasia kumawonjezeka pamene odwala amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zowononga. Mwachitsanzo, zovuta zokhudzana ndi nyimbo, ndi zojambula zojambulajambula, zojambula, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pa nthawi ya mankhwala.
- Kuwonjezeka kochepa pa zovuta za zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimaperekedwa pa gawo lapadera la mankhwala zimapangitsa zotsatira.
Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mankhwala opatsirana ku Asia.
Chidziwitso cha Linguistic Therapy
Mankhwalawa amatsindika zochitika za chilankhulo. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika zina zimafuna odwala kutanthauzira maonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mawu. Ena amafuna kuti afotokoze tanthauzo la mawu ofotokoza kwambiri monga mawu akuti "okondwa." Izi zimathandiza odwala kuchita chidziwitso chodziwitsidwa poyang'ana kumvetsetsa zigawo za maganizo.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe stroke ingakhudzire chifundo .
Anakonza Mapulani
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zithunzi ndi nyimbo, zomwe zimayambira pang'onopang'ono mpaka zovuta. Phunzirani zambiri za mankhwala ochizira pambuyo pa kupwetekedwa.
Kulimbikitsana-Njira Yothandizira Anthu
Mpangidwe uwu wa mankhwala a apassia umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagulu a chilankhulo ndi chiyankhulo. Chotsatira chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya mankhwala ndi zolimbikitsa. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za mankhwalawa ndikuti kusintha kwa maluso amtundu kumapindulitsidwa bwino ndi kubwereza.
Thandizo la Gulu
Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti odwala azikhala ndi luso loyankhulana lomwe adaphunzira pazochitika zachipatala, pamene adzalandira mayankho ofunika kuchokera kwa othandizira ndi ena. Njira zothandizira abambo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananako, komanso zimathandizira mauthenga a apassiki ndi okondedwa awo. Fufuzani momwe magulu othandizira amathandizira pa kupuma kwa stroke.
PACE (Kupititsa patsogolo Kuyankhula kwa Aphasic's Effective Communication)
Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino za pragmaticrapy, mtundu wa mankhwala aphasia omwe amalimbikitsa kusintha kwakulumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito kukambirana ngati chida cha kuphunzira.
PACE madokotala amaphatikizapo kukambirana pakati pa wodwalayo ndi wodwalayo. Pofuna kuti anthu azilankhulana momasuka, mtundu umenewu umagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, zithunzi, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodwalayo kuti apange malingaliro poyankhula. Wothandizira ndi wodwala amasintha kuti afotokoze malingaliro awo.
Kuvuta kwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kukambirana zimakula mofulumira. Odwala amalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yolankhulirana pa gawoli, zomwe zimathandiza wodwala kupeza njira zothandizira zomwe ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa kwa wodwalayo.
Wothandizira amalankhulana ndi wodwalayo mwa kutsanzira njira yolankhulirana yomwe wodwala akumverera bwino.
Pharmacotherapy
Iyi ndiyo njira yatsopano ya mankhwala aphasia ndipo mphamvuyo siyenela kutsimikiziridwa. Mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe ayesedwa pano akuphatikizapo piracetam, bifenalade, piribedil, bromocriptine, idebenone ndi dextran 40, donezepil, amphetamines ndi mankhwala owonjezera opatsirana. Ngakhale kuti umboniwo si wolimba kwambiri, zikuwoneka kuti mwachita bwino, piribedil ndi amphetamines zingakhale ndizothandiza kwambiri mu chithandizo cha aphasia. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zothandiza kwambiri popititsa patsogolo phindu la mankhwala osapanga mankhwala, monga momwe kafukufuku wina wasonyezera zotsatira zabwino za mankhwala pamene odwala amapatsidwa amphetamines musanayambe ma ARV.
Kutsindika Magnetic Magnetic (TMS)
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa samagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, mphamvu zake zikufufuza kwambiri. TMS ili ndi cholinga chopanga maginito mwachindunji ku mbali ya ubongo yomwe imalingalira kuti ipewe kutulutsa chilankhulo pambuyo pobaya. Mwa kupondereza ntchito ya gawolo la ubongo, kuchira kumakula. Mtundu wa maginito omwe wakhala akuyesedwa mu kukonzanso kwa apasia ndiwotchulidwa "mofulumira ndi mobwerezabwereza" wa TMS. Maphunziro ang'onoang'ono ochepa akhala ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsana, koma kufufuza kwakukulu, koyendetsedwa bwino kumafunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti chithandizochi chikugwira ntchito bwino.
Kusinthidwa ndi Heidi Moawad MD
Zotsatira: Jordan Lori ndi Hillis Argye; Kusokonezeka kwa kulankhula ndi chinenero: apasia, apraxia ndi dysarthria; Zochitika Zakale mu Neurology 2006 19 (6): 580-585.
Cicerone et al., Kukonzekera kovomerezeka ka umboni: Zomwe zasinthidwa Kukambitsirana kwa mabuku kuyambira 1998 mpaka 2002 Archives of Physical Medicine ndi Rehabilitation 2005 Vol 86; 1681-1692.
Froma P Roth ndi Colleen K. Worthington mankhwala othandizira kuti ayankhule ndi azinenero 2 Buku la Delmar, Albany NY.