Amereka a America sanaone mavairasi ambiri omwe ali ochuluka ku Africa ndi Asia, koma ku America ali ndi udzudzu ndi ma vectors ena. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana kapena udzudzu womwe umapezeka padziko lonse lapansi; monga momwe kudalirana kwa mayiko kukufalikira mavairasi, imafalitsa udzudzu. Zikatero, pamene kachilombo katsopano kamalowa, ngati imafalitsa kudzera mwa udzudzu (kapena ma vectors) omwe amapezeka ku America, imafalikira mofulumira.
Chilimwe pambuyo pa chilimwe, pakhala pali mavairasi atsopano ku America omwe amanyamulidwa ndi udzudzu, ndipo kusintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsa malo ambiri kwa udzudzu, nkhupakupa, ndi zizindikiro zina, matendawa akhoza kufalikirabe.
Kodi tikudziwa zomwe virusi yotsatira idzakhala? Yankho losavuta ndilo ayi, sitimatero. Ndipo tisanakhale ndi kachilombo kena kamene kamatidabwitsa, ndibwino kudziŵa momwe zingathere ndi ma virus omwe angathe kufalikira, monga Zika, Chikungunya, ndi mitundu yosiyana ya Dengue yomwe taona zaka zaposachedwapa Amerika. Pamene tikuyang'ana zambiri, timapezanso zambiri. Kufufuza bwinoko kumatithandiza kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, mitu, ndi ziphuphu zomwe poyamba tinkatha kuzizindikira mwazingoganizira chabe.
Palinso mavairasi omwe tikuyamba kuzindikira kuti ayamba kufalikira patsogolo. Imodzi mwa mavairasiwa, omwe amawoneka ofatsa koma angagwire zodabwitsa, ndiye kachirombo ka Usutu.
Kodi Ndiyo Mtundu Wotani wa Usutu?
Ndi flavivirus. Izi zili ngati mavairasi ambiri omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Icho chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi Japan Encephalitis ndi Murray Valley Encephalitis. Mabanja ena apatali kwambiri amakhala ndi mavairasi ena omwe timawadziwa, monga Dengue , Powassan, West Nile , ndi Zika , onse a flaviviruses amene adalumphira m'mitu yathu.
Kodi Usuti Amapezeka Kuti?
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Usutu tapezeka ku South Africa mu 1959. Anapezeka mu udzudzu ndipo amatchedwa mtsinje wapafupi (womwe umadziwika kuti mtsinje wa Maputo womwe umadutsa ku South Africa, Swaziland, ndi Mozambique). Panalibe matenda omwe amadziwika kuti akugwirizanitsidwa ndi kachilomboka.
Vutoli lapezeka kumadera ena a Africa: Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Morocco, Nigeria, Uganda, Central African Republic (CAR), ndi Senegal. Komabe, panali wodwala mmodzi yekha amene adawoneka ali ndi kachilombo (mu CAR) amene ankawoneka bwino ndipo anali ndi malungo komanso kuthamanga.
Kenaka kachilomboka kanadziwika kukhala ku Ulaya. Ziyenera kuti zinayambika kangapo ku Ulaya. Poyang'anitsitsa, izo zisanayambe kuchitika ku Austria mu 2001 ziyenera kuti zinafalikira kwina kulikonse ku Ulaya, monga ku Italy, komwe mbalame zikuyesa.
Monga kachilombo ka West Nile , kachilombo ka Usutu kamayenda, ndithudi, ndi mbalame. Ambiri a mbalame zakuda zakufa adawachenjeza ku Austria ku vuto; izi ndi momwe HIV inayambira kuti ikufalikira ku Ulaya. Monga West Nile, kachilomboka kangakhoze kupha mbalame, komanso kufalikira kwa ife. Zakawoneka m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya (kapena mabungwe ena a antibodies apezeka) ndipo apitiriza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mbalame zakufa-Italy, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Switzerland, Poland, England, Czech Republic, Greece, ndi Belgium.
Kodi Mumagwira Bwanji Virusi ya Usutu?
Inu mumachigwira icho kuchokera kuluma kwa udzudzu. Koma sikuti udzudzu wonse ukhoza kutenga (kapena udzatenga) kachilomboka. Vutoli likuwoneka kuti likunyamulidwa ndi udzudzu wa Culex, makamaka Culex pipiens. Izi ndizofanana ndi kachilombo ka West Nile, komanso imafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu wa Culex, kotero kuti kachilombo ka Usutu kamapezeka komwe kuli HIV ya Nile. Ndipotu, kuyang'ana kwa kachilombo ka West Nile kunayambitsa matenda a Usutu kwa odwala ena ku Italy.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kutengeka ndi udzudzu wina monga Aedes albopictus. Aedes albopictus amapezeka ku US, makamaka ku South komanso m'madera onse ku America omwe awona ziphuphu zazikuru za Zika, zomwe zimatengedwanso ndi udzudzuwu.
Vutoli likuoneka kuti limadutsa mbalame, makamaka mbalame zakutchire, komanso nkhuku, mabala, magulu, nkhuku, ndi nkhuku. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi chiwindi, nthenda, ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, pakati pa zotsatira zina za kachilomboka.
Mbalame zomwe zimapezeka mliriwu nthawi zambiri zimauluka kutalika, ngakhale ku Asia. Mbalame zofanana zimapezeka ku America. Zigawo zambiri kuposa momwe Africa ndi Europe zilili pangozi.
Nyama zina zimawoneka kuti zili ndi kachilomboka. Vutoli lapezekanso m'mipikisano (ku Germany) koma sichidziwikabe kuti mamembala amachitiranji (ngati alipo). Zinyama zina monga mahatchi ndi makoswe amapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilomboka, koma izi sizikuwoneka kuti zimakhala ndi HIV. Matenda ambiri opatsirana pogonana amaoneka ngati pakati pa udzudzu ndi mbalame.
Kodi Vuto la Usuti Zimayambitsa Chiyani?
Vutoli limangotulutsa chiwombankhanga ndi malungo. Matendawa akhoza kukhala ofatsa ndipo akhoza kudutsa mwamsanga. Komabe, pali kudandaula kuti kwa nambala yaing'ono, matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri.
Poyamba, pang'ono podziwika ponena za kachilomboka. Panalibe zambiri zodziwika za matendawa mu Africa. Panali vuto linalake ku Central African Republic mu 1981 ndipo wodwalayo ankawoneka ngati ali bwino, kupatulapo kuthamanga ndi malungo komwe kunachoka. Komabe, panalibe kachilombo koyang'ana kapena kuyesa kachilomboka ndipo palibe amene amadziwa kuti ndiwe wamba bwanji ndipo palibe amene amadziwa ngati matenda ndi matenda omwe sanawoneke ndi matenda enieni anali ngati matenda a Usutu omwe panalibe mabala ndi mayesero omwe amafunika kuwunikira. izo.
Pamene kachilomboka kanadziwika ku Austria mu 2001 chinali chifukwa chakuti panali akuda akufa. Panalibe matenda opatsirana ndi anthu. Kafukufuku wa anthu ambiri anasonyeza kokha chiŵerengero chochepa kwambiri chomwe chapezeka ndi HIV ku Ulaya. Ena opereka magazi amapezeka kuti ali ndi maselo a antibodies ku Ulaya, koma izi ndizochepa. Komabe, kufufuza kwa iwo omwe anali ndi ziphuphu m'madera omwe kachilomboka anafalitsa ndiye kuti makamaka mwa iwo omwe ali ndi kachilombo kawiri pa 1 aliwonse ali ndi ma antibodies, koma onsewa ankanena za matenda ochepa chabe. Kotero zikuwoneka kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zowopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe zakhalira, koma sizikuwoneka kuti zilibe zotsatirapo.
Komabe, ku Italy kunali madera awiri omwe anali odwala kwambiri mu 2009 (imodzi inali ya chemotherapy; ina inali ndi matenda aakulu a magazi). Pazochitikazi, kachilombo kawoneka kuti kakhala kakuyambitsa meningoencephalitis, koma chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa matenda awo omwe kale alipo siziri bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda ndi kutukusira kwa ubongo komanso zam'mimba zomwe zili mkati mwa ubongo ndi msana. Mmodzi mwa milanduyi, wodwalayo adalinso ndi vuto la chiwindi.
Nkhanizi zimapangitsa chidwi kuti kachilombo ka HIV kangakhale kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu ena. Anthu ambiri ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile ndipo ali ndi Zika, koma kachigawo kakang'ono kamakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Zingakhale kuti Usutu angapereke chiopsezo chenicheni kwa ena, ngakhale ali ochepa kwambiri.
Kodi mumayesa bwanji ma ARV?
Mabungwe ambiri sangathe kuyesa. Katswiri wa zamankhwala ayenera kulankhulana ndi apadera owona labotale kuti atenge chitsanzo.
Kodi Pali Chithandizo Kwa Ma Virusi a Usutu?
Osati pano. Mwamwayi, matenda ambiri mwa anthu abwino amaoneka ngati ofatsa mpaka pano.
> Zotsatira:
> Ashraf U, ndi al. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa: a emerviating flavivirus ku Ulaya. Mavairasi. 2015; 7 (1): 219-38.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kuchokera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, a Mphaka a ku Africa a Borne Flavivirus a gulu la Japan Encephalitis Virus Group, Central Europe.
> Matenda opatsirana pogonana. Usuti: The Flavour Next ya Flavivirus ku United States?
> Vázquez A, et al. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Usutu - omwe angathe kupha anthu ku Ulaya. Yoyang'anira Yuro. 2011; 16 (31): pii = 19935.
Pauli G, et al. Kuwotchedwa Medicine ndi Hemotherapy. 2014; 41 (1): 73-82.