Zosakaniza Zomwe Zimaletsa UVB Ma Radiation
Zojambula zamasamba ndizofunika zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutentha kwa dzuwa, photoaging , ndi khansa ya khungu. Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti kutseka mazira a UVB ndi kuwotcha dzuwa kunali njira zokha zomwe zimayenera kuti zisawononge dzuwa. Mlingo wa SPF unapangidwa kuti uyeze mphamvu ya dzuwa yoteteza kuwala kwa UVB. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti ma radiation a UVA amathandizanso kuti khungu liwonongeke.
Chifukwa SPF ndiyeso ya chitetezo cha UVB, zowonjezera zimasiyana pakati pa khungu la dzuwa lomwe limapangitsa kuti dzuwa liziwoneka bwino komanso limapereka chitetezo chachikulu cha UVA ndi UVB. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawotchi a dzuwa kuti atenge kuwala kwa UVB kokha .
PABA
PABA , kapena para-aminobenzoic acid , anadza pamsika ku United States kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi a m'ma makumi asanu ndi awiri ndipo inali yoyamba yoyera ya dzuwa imene inalipo kwambiri. Komabe, ndizodziwika bwino ndipo zakhala zikuchotsedweratu. Sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.
- Ubwino: PABA imamangiriza kwambiri maselo mu epidermis, kuisunga kuti isambidwe m'madzi kapena ngakhale kudulidwa ndi thaulo.
- Zowonongeka: Zimayambitsa zotsatira zowopsa m'magawo 4 peresenti ya anthu ndipo zimayambanso zovala.
PABA Esters
PABA ester yokhayo yovomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States ndi Odwala O , wotchedwanso octyl dimethyl PABA .
Izi ndizofanana ndi PABA, koma sizowopsya. Pomwe phala paswiti la PABA lomwe silinatengedwe, kutchuka kwa Padimate O kunachepa mwamsanga. Chizunzo O akadakalipo m'mawonekedwe a dzuwa chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena kuonjezera SPF ya mankhwala.
- Ubwino: Wosagonjetsedwa ndi madzi ndipo alibe zovala.
- Zowonongeka: Zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa mavuto.
Zitamanda
Sinamates , Octyl methoxycinnamate ndi cinoxate , ndizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ku UVB ku United States. Kaŵirikaŵiri amapezeka mu zodzoladzola omwe ali ndi gawo la SPF.
- Ubwino: Ndizo zowopsa za UVB. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ambiri "osakhwima," amathandiza kuti mankhwalawa akhale ofanana ndi madzi komanso osasunthika.
- Zoipa: Zingakhale zokwiyitsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mafuta a basamu a Peru, mafuta a basamu, masamba a coca, cinnamic aldehyde ndi mafuta a sinamic amatha kukhala osamala ndi sinamati.
Salicylates
Ma salicylates ndi homomenthyl salicylate , octyl salicylate , ndi salethanolamine salicylate . Ma salicylates akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale PABA isanafike. Sallamlate ya Trolamine imakhala yosungunuka madzi, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'makina a tsitsi omwe amateteza ku dzuwa. Kusamalidwa ndi mankhwala omwe FDA amagwiritsa ntchito monga muyezo wa kuyesa SPF.
- Zowonjezera: Zimakhala zosagwedezeka ndi zowonongeka pamaso pa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
- Zowonongeka: Zimatetezera mbali yaing'ono ya mtundu wa UVB, kotero zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zozama.
Malembo ovomerezeka
Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsidwe ntchito tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti titsimikizire avobenzone, kutentha kwa UVA, ndipo makamaka makamaka muzinthu zomwe siziri zovuta.
Ndi imodzi mwa zochepa zomwe zimapangidwira dzuwa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu gel.
- Ubwino: Sikopa khungu kawirikawiri.
- Zowonongeka: Ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zowonjezera zina za UV kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zimapindulitsa kwambiri.
Ensulizole
Ensulizole kapena PBSA ndi madzi osungunuka, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinyontho zambiri. Imachita ntchito yabwino yotsekera mazira a UVB, koma sizitsutsana ndi mazira a UVA. Mitundu ya UVB yomwe ili pamwambapa ikani ma radiation pang'ono.
- Ubwino: Sizimayambitsa khungu.
- Zowonongeka : Zimateteza kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa.
Zotsatira:
Lautenschlager, S, HC Wulf, ndi MR Pittelkow. "Photoprotection," Lancet. 370 (2007): 528-37.
Nguyen, Nathalie, ndi Darrell Rigel. "Kuteteza Photoprotection ndi Prevention of Photocarcinogenesis." Kupanga Zodzoladzola kwa Zakudya Zamatenda. Mkonzi. Zoe Draelos & Lauren Thamon. New York: Taylor ndi Francis, 2006. 156-9.
Palm, MD, ndi MN O'Donoghue. "Pitirizani kuwonetsa zithunzi." Dermatol Ther. 20 (2007): 360-76.