Sitiziwona nthawi zonse, koma chilengedwe chathu chikupanga thanzi lathu nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kumene timakhala, zomwe timadya, ndi momwe timagwirizanirana ndi dziko lozungulira ife tikhoza kulumikiza mamba (nthawi zina kwenikweni) pakati pa thanzi kapena ayi. Ndi kumene akatswiri a zaumoyo, ndondomeko, ndi mapulogalamu onse amayamba.
Ngakhale kuti timakonda kuganizira za thanzi lathu pazochita zathu-monga ngati timachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena katemera-zinthu zambiri zakunja zingakhudze momwe tilili, kuphatikizapo ngati tikudwala kapena kuvulala.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino komanso zowonjezera, zimathandiza kupanga zosankha zomwe mumapanga, kapena nthawi zina, kupanga zosankha zanu.
Tanthauzo
Anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri amaganizira za thanzi labwino pa mlengalenga ndi madzi, koma zachirengedwe zachilengedwe-kuphatikizapo zinthu monga kutentha kwa dziko-ndi chimodzi chokha chodabwitsa kwambiri.
Thanzi la thanzi ndi gawo la thanzi la anthu lomwe limayang'anitsitsa ndikugwiritsira ntchito zinthu, zakuthupi, ndi zachilengedwe zomwe sitingazilamulire, koma zingakhudze thanzi lathu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi misewu yopanda chitetezo kapena mpweya woipitsidwa, zimakhala zovuta kupita kunja ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mofananamo, nyumba yanu inamangidwa ndi chiyani, tizilombo timakhala pafupi, ndipo chakudya chomwe mumapeza kwa onse chingakhudze thanzi lanu ndi thanzi la banja lanu.
Mwachidule, thanzi labwino ndilo gawo la thanzi labwino lomwe limakhudza njira zonse zosiyana siyana zomwe dziko lathuli zingakhudze thupi lathu ndi maganizo athu.
Malo a Environmental Health
Umoyo wa chilengedwe ndi umodzi mwa malo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino chifukwa cha njira zamakono zokhudzana ndi mphamvu zakunja zingakhudze momwe timadyera, kukhala ndi moyo, ndi kukula. Mphamvu izi zingakhale zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chathu (monga momwe zilili pa madzi oyera kapena kusungika), koma zingakhalenso zotsatira za zochita za anthu-kuphatikizapo zikhalidwe za anthu.
Anthu Okhala ndi Thanzi 2020 Zolinga zaumoyo zowona zachilengedwe zikuwunika zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana za thanzi la chilengedwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa thanzi la anthu.
Mpweya wa Air
Mpweya sungagwirizane ndi anthu. Timafunikira kuti tipulumuke, koma nthawi zonse sitisamala kuti tizisunga, ndipo izi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa thanzi lathu.
Mkhalidwe woipa wa mpweya wakhala wokhudzana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana a zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo AIDS, khansa ya m'mapapo , ndi COPD . Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumagwirizananso ndi kuchepa kwa thupi lochepa. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina wofalitsidwa mu 2005 anapeza kuti ana obadwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi ozoni akuluakulu m'zaka zitatu ndi zitatu ndizochepa kuposa anzawo omwe sali oonekera kuti abereke ndi kulemera kochepa. Zotsatirazo zinali zofanana ndi zomwe anaziwona ana omwe amayi awo amasuta panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba.
Mtsinje Woyera wa 1970 unayesetsa kusintha zonsezi. Anayika nthawi yoyamba boma la federal linatenga udindo woteteza mkhalidwe wa mpweya kwa nzika zonse za US poletsa kutulutsa mpweya woipa kuchokera ku zinthu monga magalimoto ndi mafakitale. Ntchitoyi inakwaniridwanso mu 1990 kuti athetse mvula yamchere ndi ozoni-ndipo ikugwira ntchito. M'chaka cha 2011, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency linanena kuti Clean Air Act idzaletsa anthu oposa 230,000 kufa mofulumira pofika chaka cha 2020.
Madzi ndi Kusungirako Ukhondo
Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, akuti anthu pafupifupi 780 miliyoni padziko lonse alibe madzi abwino akumwa, ndipo madola 2.5 biliyoni (kapena pafupifupi 3 peresenti ya anthu a padziko lapansi) alibe ntchito zoyenera zonyansa monga malo osambira. Zotsatira za izi ndizosokoneza. Ana pafupifupi 2,200 anafa tsiku ndi tsiku padziko lonse la matenda otsekula m'mimba okhudzana ndi madzi osayenera ndi kusungika.
Ntchito yosavuta yoyeretsa madzi ndi madzi odzola ku United States yatha kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'matenda omwe amayamba monga typhoid . Mwachiwerengero chimodzi , ndalama zonse za $ 1 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mateknoloji a madzi abwino, dziko limabwezera $ 23 mu ndalama zogwirizana ndi zachipatala komanso zachuma, ndipo madzi oyerawa ndiwo amachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha kuchepa kwa ana m'dzikoli chikhale chochepa.
Zinthu Zoopsa ndi Zofunkha Zoopsa
Toxicology-ndiko kuti, dera la sayansi lodziŵa momwe mankhwala ndi zinthu zingakhudzire anthu ndi malo ake-ndi malo ofunikira ku thanzi labwino. Zambiri zomwe zimayenera kupititsa patsogolo mafakitale ndi zipangizo zamakono, monga zitsulo zolemera kapena mapulasitiki ena, zingakhalenso ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thupi la munthu ndipo zimayambitsa matenda aakulu.
Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zaposachedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimafalitsidwa kwambiri ndi izi ndi mavuto a madzi a Flint . Pamene nkhani inayamba mu 2015 kuti madzi akumwa ku Flint, Michigan anali atanyamula kutsogolera, adayambitsa mantha ndi mantha pakati pa mabanja. Ngati ana amamwa kapenanso amachepetsa, amatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo ubongo, komanso Flint, omwe anali osauka kwambiri omwe anavutika kwambiri.
Anthu oposa 40 peresenti ya anthu okhala ku Flint amakhala pansi pa umphawi, pafupifupi 2,8 kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha umphawi ku United States. Malo omwe tawuniyi amakhalako ali ndi mbiri ya thanzi labwino, malo oposa 81 pa 82 a Michigan chifukwa cha zotsatira zaumoyo. Vutoli linali chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe matenda a chilengedwe amathandizira anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo.
Nyumba ndi Madera
Timathera nthawi yambiri kuntchito, kuntchito, kapena kusukulu, choncho ndi kofunika kuti malowa akhale otetezeka ndi zoopsa zochepa, komanso kuti azikhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dera lanu lili ndi nkhanza zambiri, mabanja sangatuluke kunja kuti achite masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pamene misewu isasamalike bwino, ikhoza kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa galimoto zambiri.
Munda wotuluka m'dera lino la thanzi labwino ndilo la kupezeka kwa chakudya. Madera ambiri m'dziko lonse la United States alibe malo ogulitsira malo ogulitsa pafupi. Popanda kukhalapo, anthu ambiri amafunika kugwiritsira ntchito malo osungiramo katundu, monga omwe amapezeka pamagetsi, kugula zakudya zawo. Izi zikhoza kukhala zodula, koma chofunika kwambiri, zikhoza kutanthauza zosankha zabwino zomwe zimakhala zosauka kapena zosauka za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba-gawo lalikulu la zakudya zabwino. Kwa mabanja m'maderawa, zingakhale zovuta kupanga zosankha zabwino, kuwonjezera kusiyana kwaumoyo komwe kulipo anthu osauka komanso ochepa makamaka.
Pofuna kuthetsa zotsatira za "zida zadyera" izi, akatswiri azaumoyo akudandaulira anthu kuti azitha kumanga minda ya anthu komwe anthu amatha kulima ndi kukolola zipatso zawo, kuti athe kupeza njira zogulira anthu kupita kumsika wogula zakudya komanso msika wa alimi, ndikusintha malamulo oika malire kuti athandize ogulitsa kuti azipereka zakudya zabwino.
Zachilengedwe ndi Kuyang'anitsitsa
Chigawo chachikulu cha njira iliyonse yathanzi ndizodziwitsa . Pozindikira zomwe ziwopsezo zilipo komanso kumene, akatswiri azaumoyo angathe kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kupewa kapena kulimbana nawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kufufuza ndi kuyankha ku matenda-munda wotchedwa epidemiology -komanso kufufuza anthu pangozi ndi kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu oyang'anira.
Ntchito zoyang'anitsitsa zimaphatikizapo kutuluka ndi kuyang'ana mavuto ena azaumoyo (kuonetsetsa mwachidwi) kapena kufunsa akatswiri m'madera ena, monga mankhwala kapena ulimi, kuti azindikire mabungwe azaumoyo omwe akukumana nawo pamene akukumana nawo.
Chitsanzo cha izi mukuchita ndi ntchito zowonongeka ndi udzudzu. Mapulogalamuwa amayesa udzudzu pazinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa matenda oopsa monga Zika kachilombo, komanso kuyang'anira anthu kuti zitsulo zikugwira ntchito. Mfundoyi ingathandize othandizi a zaumoyo kudziwa zomwe angayang'ane m'maofesi a madokotala, kutsogolera maboma am'deralo kumene angaperekere mankhwala ndi udzudzu, ndi kuchenjeza anthu ngati matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu akufalikira m'deralo.
Global Environmental Health
M'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, akatswiri a zaumoyo akudandaula kuti nyengo yowonongeka, yowonongeka yomwe ingapangitse kapena kuopseza kuopsa kwa thanzi lathu lonse padziko lonse lapansi.
Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, mwachitsanzo, udzudzu wanyamula ukhoza kumakhala m'madera omwe kale ndi ozizira kwambiri kuti apulumuke, kuwonetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda monga dengue ndi malungo. Pamene nyanja ikukwera, mizinda yonse ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mayiko omwe ali pachilumbachi ali pachiopsezo chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, kutumiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe achoka kumalo kumene kuli malo omwe matenda angathe kufalikira mofulumira.
Pamene nyengo zakuthambo zimakhala zofala kwambiri, akuluakulu azaumoyo akuyembekeza zaka zambiri ngati 2017 kumene mphepo yamkuntho ndi madzi osefukira m'malo monga Houston, Florida, ndi Puerto Rico anawononga nyumba, zinafalitsa matenda, ndipo anasiya mamiliyoni opanda mphamvu.
Kuteteza umoyo wa dziko lapansi ndikofunikira kuti tithetse ndi kusunga thanzi la anthu onse padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za thanzi zakula bwino kwambiri pazaka zapitazo-m'mayiko olemera monga United States makamaka-ngozi za chilengedwe ndi matenda opatsirana samadziwa malire a dziko. Anthu masiku ano akuyenda mofulumira komanso mobwerezabwereza kuposa kale lonse, ndipo kusagwirizana kumadera monga Syria, Afghanistan, ndi South Sudan akuchititsa mamiliyoni kuthawa kwawo.
Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumayenda mozungulira ndi m'mayiko ena kungathe kuopseza kuyesa matenda ndikupangitsanso zowonongeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti maiko ayang'ane mopitirira malire awo kuti athandize thanzi la anthu padziko lonse-osati awo okha.
Mmene Mungathandizire
Mosiyana ndi zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, zinthu zambiri zathanzi sizingatheke kupambana payekha. Kulimbana ndi chiopsezo chomwe amachititsa nthawi zambiri kumatenga malamulo, ndondomeko, ndi mapulogalamu kuderalo, ku federal, ndi kumayiko ena.
Ndi zopanda nzeru, mwachitsanzo, kuti aliyense ayang'anire khitchini yodyera kawirikawiri kapena ayese madzi awo chifukwa cha zitsulo zolemera. Ndicho chifukwa chake taphunzira ndi oyenerera ogwiritsira ntchito chitetezo cha chakudya ndi odwala toxicologists omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zovuta, kufufuza ndi kuyesa njira zowonetsetsa kuti chakudya ndi madzi athu ndi otetezeka. Zimatengera khama loyendetsedwa bwino ndi dongosolo lonse la thanzi la chitetezo kuti ateteze umoyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu amitundu yonse padziko lonse lapansi.
Izi zanenedwa, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha dera lanu komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Mukhoza kuthandiza kukweza mpweya poyendetsa njinga yanu, kutenga maulendo akuluakulu, kapena kusintha telecommunication m'malo moyendetsa galimoto kupita kuntchito. Mukhoza kuyang'ana pakhomo pa radon kapena penti kapena mapaipi kuti musamawoneke poizoni. Ndipo mungathe kuyankhula ndi maboma anu ndi malonda anu za momwe mungayendetsere zochitika zaumoyo zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti malo alionse ali ndi malo abwino otetezeka kuti azikhala, kugwira ntchito, ndi kusewera.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Ntchito zathanzi.
> Healthy People People.gov. Chilengedwe. Office of Prevention and Health Promotion.
> Institute of National Health Sciences. Nkhani zathanzi.