Zoona ndi zowonongeka za mankhwala otchuka a chimfine
Tamiflu (oseltamivir) ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwika ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kapena kuteteza chimfine (fuluwenza) . Yavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti athetse ana a milungu iwiri kapena kupitako ndikupewa chifuwa kwa ana atatu kapena kuposa.
Ngakhale kutchuka, kugwiritsira ntchito Tamiflu mwa ana kumakhalabe kovuta.
Si zachilendo kumva makolo akunena kuti sizimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kapena kuwerenga mauthenga omwe amasonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kungachititse kuti chitukuko cha matenda a chimfine chisawathandize .
Kodi kufufuza kwenikweni kumatiuza chiyani?
Ubwino Wotenga Tamiflu
Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Tamiflu kungayambitse kuchepa kwa zizindikiro za chimfine, kuphatikizapo malungo, komanso kungachepetse chiopsezo cha mavuto (kuphatikizapo chibayo, kulephera kupuma, ndi imfa).
Tamiflu ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe akuphatikizansopo mankhwala a Rapivab (peramivir) omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo Relenza (zanamivir) . Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala atatu awa ndi othandiza pochiza matenda a chimfine A ndi ma virus a chimfine.
Tamiflu ndifunikanso kwa ana omwe sangathe kupeza chiwopsezo , monga omwe adayesedwa kale ndi katemera.
Kutsika kwa Kutenga Tamiflu
Ngakhale pali umboni wosonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito Tamiflu kwa ana, pali zolepheretsa zambiri zomwe zalepheretsa makolo kugwiritsa ntchito. Mtengo ndi waukulu pakati pa zovutazo, ndipo maphunziro asanu a masiku asanu ndi apamwamba kuposa $ 100. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera zilipo tsopano, mtengo ulipobe.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimagwirizana ndi zambiri kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika kuposa mankhwala omwewo.
Kwenikweni, kupambana kwa Tamiflu kungakhale kosiyana pamene mankhwala ayamba. Kuti izi zitheke, madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti mankhwalawa amatengedwa mkati mwa maola 24 a maonekedwe oyambirira. Vuto, ndithudi, ndilo kuti makolo nthawi zina amatha kuphonya zizindikiro zochepa monga kupopera kapena kupweteka mmero, makamaka ngati mwanayo akuwoneka bwino.
Kuwonjezera apo, mankhwalawa sangathe "kupha" kachilombo ka HIV kamodzi kokha kachilomboka kamene kakhala kakuchitika koma makamaka kuchepetsani nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro.
Komabe, Tamiflu ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwambiri mwana asanayambe katemera ndipo wakhala akuzungulira ana ena ali ndi chimfine. Komabe, chifukwa ubwino wawo sungathe kuoneka, makolo nthawi zambiri amasiya ntchito yake pogwiritsa ntchito chimfine ndipo amangofikira pamene zizindikiro zikuwonekera.
Zotsatira za Tamiflu
Nthawi zambiri kholo limagwirizanitsa mtengo ndi mphamvu ndi mantha kuti mankhwala ngati Tamiflu angayambitse zizindikiro zambiri kuposa momwe amathandizira. Kwa mbali zambiri, izi si zoona.
Malinga ndi a FDA, zotsatira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizodzikongoletsa ndi kusanza, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizowopsa komanso zimachitika masiku awiri akuyamba kumwa mankhwala Kutenga Tamiflu ndi chakudya kungachepetse chiopsezo cha zotsatirazi.
Zina zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kwa m'mimba, nosebleeds, mutu, ndi kutopa.
Zotsatira zowopsa zowonjezereka zafotokozedwa. Kafukufuku wina ku Japan adanena kuti Tamiflu adachulukitsa chiopsezo cha zizindikiro za matenda a ubongo monga chisokonezo ndi zokopa ndipo zingayambitse kudzimva kudzivulaza kapena kudzipha achinyamata. Izi zinatsatira malipoti mu 2005 kuti anyamata awiri adadzipha posakhalitsa atagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Mpaka lero, palibe zochitika zofanana zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndipo, kuchokera pakuwonetseratu kwapadziko lonse, kusanthula kwamsika pamsika sikukupeza ngozi yowonjezereka ya zotsatira za mphuno mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Pomwe zikunenedwa, zolemba zogulitsa zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo uphungu wakuti zowonongeka, kudzivulaza, ndi khalidwe losazolowereka, ngakhale kuti n'zosatheka kwambiri, n'zotheka.
Zokhudzana ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tamiflu
Mofanana ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a bakiteriya, pali zakhala zikudetsa nkhaŵa kuti kufalikira kwa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito matenda a chiwopsezo kumayambitsa chitukuko cha supervirus.
Mpaka pano, sitinazione izi. Malinga ndi CDC, kukana Tamiflu kunawonetsedwa mu kachilombo kamodzi ka HIV mu 2009 koma peresenti imodzi yokha ya zitsanzo. Momwemonso, CDC ikuona kuti pangozi yayamba koma imayang'anitsitsa ngati chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka.
Kuyambira tsopano, kukana zovuta zina za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a A kapena B sikunayambe.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. "Influenza Antiviral Medication: Chidule cha Madokotala." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa October 26, 2017.
> Fiore, A .; Mwachangu, A .; Shay, D. et al. "Mankhwala Opatsirana Antiviral kwa Chithandizo ndi Matenda a Chitopa: Malangizo a Komiti Yopereka Malangizo Okhudza Kuteteza Katemera (ACIP)." MMWR. January 21, 2011; 60 (RR01): 1-24. PMID: 21248682.
> Utsogoleri wa US Food and Drug Administration. "Tamiflu Matenda Aakulu Zochitika Zoipa: Mafunso ndi Mayankho." Silver Spring, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa December 7, 2015.