Necrotizing enterocolitis imakhudza matumbo
Necrotizing enterocolitis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa NEC, ndi chikhalidwe chimene matumbo amachiza ndipo amayamba kufa. Matendawa amakhudza ana asanakwane, ngakhale kuti ana angathenso kupeza NEC. Inocrotizing enterocolitis ndi matenda aakulu omwe angafunikire opaleshoni, ndipo ali ndi chiwerengero choopsa cha kufa ndi kufa.
Mwachidule
Mkati wamkati wamatumbo uli ndi mamiliyoni ambiri a mabakiteriya.
Kawirikawiri, mabakiteriyawa (omwe amatchedwa zomera zachilendo) ndizosavulaza ndipo ndizo gawo la kudya. Koma mu NEC, mabakiteriya amayamba kuyambitsa khoma la m'mimba. Ngati matendawa sathandizidwa msanga, khoma la m'mimba lidzasokonezeka ndipo likhoza kufa. Potsirizira pake, dzenje lingapangidwe kudzera mu khoma la matumbo (a perforation), kutaya zomwe zili mkati mwake. Matenda owopsa ndi matenda omwe amachititsa opaleshoni yomweyo ndipo amafa kwambiri.
Zimayambitsa
Kukula kwa chilengedwe ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri pa chitukuko cha NEC, chifukwa adani omwe amabadwa ndi matumbo osamalidwa. Kupitirira apo, madokotala sakudziwa ndendende zomwe zimayambitsa NEC. Amadziwa kuti ana ambiri omwe ali ndi NEC ayamba kuyambitsa mkaka, koma amadziwanso kuti kuchepetsa kudyetsa sikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa matendawa. Kuchepa kwa magazi kumatumbo kungathandizenso kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo ana omwe ali ndi mtima wamtima monga patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhazikitsa NEC.
Zizindikiro
Kumayambiriro kwa chipani cha NEC, matendawa amachititsa kuti chakudya ndi mpweya uziyenda m'matumbo kuti zichepetse kapena zitheke. Izi zimayambitsa mimba ya mwanayo kuti iwoneke ngati yayimitsidwa kapena yosokonezeka. Pambuyo popereka chakudya, chakudya chidzasiyidwa m'mimba mwa mwana monga chotsalira cha m'mimba. Pamapeto pake, chakudya chokwanira ndi mpweya zimalowa m'matumbo omwe matumbo a matumbo amapezeka pamimba mwa mwana.
Mimba idzakhala yopweteka komanso yosakanikirana, ndipo mwanayo akhoza kuyamba kusanza bile kapena kukhala ndi zotsalira. Mwazi ukhoza kupezeka m'mabedi a mwanayo, ndipo mwanayo akhoza kuyamba kuphulika ndipo alibe mkodzo pang'ono. Mwanayo angakhalenso wovuta kulamulira kutentha kwake ndipo akhoza kuyamba kukhala ndi apnea kapena bradycardia . Pamapeto pake, chifuwachi chidzaphulika, kuchititsa matenda ambiri ndi kupuma.
Chithandizo
Kumayambiriro koyamba, mankhwala a NEC akuphatikizapo kuyamwitsa mkaka kuti apumitse matumbo, kupereka maantibayotiki kuti athetse matenda, ndi kuchotsa mpweya m'mimba. Mwanayo adzalandira maulendo angapo kuti ayang'ane matendawa.
Ngati mankhwala sakugwira ntchito kapena ngati matumbowa akugwira ntchito, opaleshoni imafunika. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa mbali iliyonse yakufa ya matumbo ndi zina zotenga kachilombo. Nkhumbazo zidzatengedwanso kapena zidzatembenuzidwa mpaka pamimba kupyolera mu stoma . Mankhwala adzapitirira mpaka matendawa athetsedwa.
Kuthamangitsani
NEC ndi matenda aakulu, ndipo ana 25 peresenti omwe amachira ku NEC amafunikira chithandizo cha mavuto a nthawi yaitali. Ana omwe amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a NEC akhoza kukhala ndi kuchepa kwachangu, vuto lakumadya zakudya, ndi mavuto ndi zikhodzodzo zawo.
NEC imapangitsanso chiopsezo cha kuchedwa kwachitukuko.
Makanda omwe anachitidwa opaleshoni kwa NEC amasonyezanso zotsatira za nthawi yaitali kuchokera ku matendawa. Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira za mankhwala a NEC, odwala opaleshoni akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu loyamwa monga matenda afupipafupi ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha ubongo ndi ubongo ndi maso.
Kupewa
Kupewa kubadwa msanga ndi njira yabwino yothetsera matenda osokoneza bongo. Ngati muli pachiopsezo choyamba kubereka, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu.
Ngati kubadwa kwabanda kubwera, ndiye kudyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere kungathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha NEC.
Mkaka wa m'mawere uli ndi zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa m'mimba ndipo zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya owopsa m'matumbo. Mu phunziro limodzi, makanda omwe kudyetsedwa kwao kunali 50% mkaka wa m'mawere unali ndi kuchepa kamodzi pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Kuwonjezera pa kupewa kubereka mwana ndi kuyamwa mkaka, kupereka ma ARV kwa mayiyo atabereka msanga kungachepetse chiopsezo cha NEC. Komanso, kuwonjezera mkaka wa m'mawere ndi mapangidwe angapo ndi zinthu zosiyana monga probiotics kapena immunoglobulins zingathandize, ngakhale kufufuza kwina kuli kofunikira.
Zotsatira:
Bradshaw, MSN RN NNP-BC, CCRN Wanda Todd. "Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Etiology, Presentation, Management, ndi Zotsatira." Journal of Nursing Perinatal & Neonatal January / March 2009, 23: 87-94.
Schurr, P ndi Perkins, EM. "Ubwenzi Pakati pa Kudyetsa ndi Necrotizing Enterocolitis M'zochepa Zochepa Zosamba Zoweta." Neonatal Network Nov.-Dec. 2007, 27: 397-407.
Sears MD, William, Sears MD, Robert, Sears MD, James, Sears RN, Martha. Buku Loyamba la Ana: Zonse Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Mwana Wanu Wamasiye Kuyambira Kubadwa mpaka M'badwo Wina . Little, Brown ndi Co., New York, 2004.