Kondomu imaphwanyidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu pakati pa mndandanda wa zosokoneza
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafuta kungapangitse kuti kugonana kumalowetseketsa kwambiri pamene kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuswa kondomu. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, pakhala pali malingaliro akuti mafuta ena angathe kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha HIV , mwina pofooketsa kapangidwe kake ka kondomu kapena kuwononga kuwonongeka kwa ma makina omwe amachititsa abambo kapena kachilombo.
Funsolo ndiloti, kodi zenizeni ndi zenizeni za izi?
Mitundu ya Mafuta
Mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi akhala akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa abambo ndi abambo ogonana, momwe kugwiritsira ntchito komweko kungachepetse kondomu kuchepa kwa kondomu mpaka pafupifupi magawo atatu peresenti ndi 21 peresenti kapena pamene palibe mafuta ogwiritsiridwa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta odzola mafuta monga mafuta, mafuta odzola, mafuta odzola mafuta, kapena kuchepetsa masamba (ie, Crisco)-amadziwika kuti amachepetsa kwambiri kukhulupirika kwa latex, kawirikawiri mkati mwa mphindi zochepa, kuonjezera kuthekera kwa kuswa kondomu. Pa chifukwa ichi chokha, mafuta opangira mafuta ayenera kupewa nthawi zonse.
Njira ina yovomerezeka, mafuta opangidwa ndi silicone (polydimethylsiloxane) ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe a mamasukidwe otchedwa viscosity komanso osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa latex Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri sizimapezeka ngati mafuta opangira madzi, mafuta opangidwa ndi silicone amawoneka otetezeka ngakhale kuti pali deta zokhazokha zothandizira izi, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana kwa abambo .
Palinso mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito glycol, omwe glycerine kapena propylene glycol imaphatikizidwa ku zida zamadzi. Mankhwalawa amakhala ngati humectants , kuteteza kutuluka kwa madzi kuti atsimikizire kuti nthawi yayitali imatha kutuluka, ndipo kawirikawiri imakhala yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zotsatira za Mafuta
Kuchokera mu 2002, pakhala pali maphunziro angapo omwe amachenjeza za momwe zimakhudzira mafuta pa maselo osakanikirana a epithelial omwe amatsata ma vagina ndi rectum.
Kafukufuku wina adafufuza kugwiritsa ntchito nonoxynol-9 , detergent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati spermicidal wothandizira kuteteza kachirombo ka HIV kwa amayi.
Phunziroli, lomwe linaphatikizapo ogulitsa malonda ku Thailand ndi Africa, linasonyeza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nonoxynol-9 kuwirikiza kawiri chiopsezo cha kachilombo ka HIV, poyerekeza ndi akazi mu gulu la placebo. Kuwonongeka kwapakatili ndi zilonda za m'mimba zinkatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito nonoxynol-9.
Zotsatira zofananako zinayambanso pofufuza zotsatira za nonoxynol-9 pa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ambiri akukumana ndi kuchotsa mitsempha ya rectal komanso ngakhale kutuluka magazi pamtundu wina. Chifukwa cha maphunzirowa, mafuta opangidwa ndi nonoxynol-9 sakuvomerezeka kwa amayi omwe ali pangozi yaikulu ya HIV.
Zovuta, komabe sizimangokhala ndi mafuta omwe ali ndi nonoxynol-9. Kuyambira kale mpaka 2006, ofufuza akhala akuyang'ana mafuta omwe amawoneka kuti ndi hyperosmolar, kutanthauza kuti amakhudza kusinthanitsa kwa madzi m'maselo, kutulutsa madzi ndi kuwapangitsa kukhala otupa ndi ofooka. Pochita zimenezi, amawonjezera chiopsezo mwa kulola matenda opatsirana pogonana (matenda opatsirana pogonana) njira yoyendetsera kupyolera muzitsulo zam'manja zomwe zimawatsutsa.
Phunziro limodzi lofalitsidwa bwino, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ngati gawo la UCLA Microbicide Development Program, linasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito kugonana ndi abambo amakhala ndi ngozi yochepa ya chlamydia ndi gonorrhea poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina kapena osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta.
Ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito (61 peresenti) amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi madzi, pamene 20 peresenti amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakaniza, 15 peresenti amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola mafuta, ndipo asanu ndi awiri aliwonse amagwiritsira ntchito wothandizira mafuta. Pa gulu la odwala 421, 229 anali amuna ndipo 192 anali akazi. Kufufuzidwa, komwe kunaperekedwa mu 2012, sikunayambe kufufuza HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogonana.
Chitetezo cha Mafakitala
Phunziro lina, lofalitsidwa mu 2012, linayang'ana momwe zimakhudzira mafuta osiyana siyana pa tizirombo ta rectal ndipo anamaliza, mosadabwitsa, kuti chiopsezo chimasiyana ndi mankhwala. Zina mwazinthu zinawonetsa kuchuluka kwa hyperosmolarity chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi chakudya pamene zinawonetsedwa kukhala iso-osmolar , momwe mazinga a mchere ndi zowonjezera zina zinkakhudza kwambiri maselo.
Pa zinthu 14 zomwe anazifufuza, mafuta awiri, ma-iso-osmolar ( Good Clean Love ndi PRÉ ) ndi zida ziwiri za silicone ( Wet Platinum ndi Condom yachikazi 2 ) zinasonyeza zotsatira zovuta kwambiri. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi chlorhexidine (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zodzoladzola) inkawoneka kuti ikuwononga kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti pali umboni wokhudza poizoni wamakono, akatswiriwo anapeza kuti panalibe umboni uliwonse wakuti mafuta enieni amachulukitsa kachilombo ka HIV. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, vuto lililonse lopwetekedwa chifukwa cha mafutawa silingakwanire kutenga kachirombo ka HIV. Kuonjezera apo, panali kusintha pang'ono kwa minofu yowonongeka pambuyo pa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta.
Zonsezi sizinapangitse kuti mafuta asagwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa izi zikhoza kuchititsa kuti zipsyinjo zazikuluzikulu zowonongeka ndi zakunja zikhale zowonjezereka. Kufufuzanso kwina kudzayang'ana pakuzindikira mankhwala ndi / kapena zowonjezera mu mafuta omwe sangakhale opanda vuto kapena ovulaza minofu.
Zotsatira:
Golombok, R .; Kuvutikira, R .; ndi Sheldon, J. "Kuunika kwa kondomu yowonongeka ndi abambo achiwerewere." Edzi ; 15 (2): 245-250.
Steiner, M ;; et al. "Zotsatira za mafuta pa makondomu a latex pa nthawi yogonana." International Journal ya STD & AIDS. 5 (1): 29-36.
Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO). "Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kugula zinthu zina zamakondomu kwa makondomu amuna ndi akazi: WHO / UNFPA / FHI360." Geneva, Switzerland; 2012: WHO / RHR / 12.33.
Van Damme, L .; Ramjee, G ;; Alary, M .; et al. "Mphamvu ya COL-1492, gelini ya vaginomi ya nonoxynol-9, pa kachilombo ka HIV-1 kwa ogonana akazi: kuyesedwa kosasinthika." Chithunzi ; 360 (9338): 971-977.
Gorbach, P .; Weiss, R .; Cranston, R .; et al. "Kutsetsereka kotsika: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mavitamini ndi Matenda Opatsirana Opatsirana Mwachiwerewere: chiwopsezo chatsopano." Matenda Opatsirana pogonana. January 2012; 39 (1): 59-64.