Okalamba Achikulire, Dementia ndi Mavuto Othandiza
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa ngakhale kutengeka maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu (mania) ndi matenda (depression) angapezeke ndi matenda a bipolar ndipo amamuuza kuti azikhala ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi pofuna kuyesa kusintha kusinthasintha kwa maganizo awo. Mankhwala awa atchulidwanso nthawi zina kuti athetse zizindikiro za khalidwe ndi maganizo a chiwerewere chaumtima (BPSD) .
Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwanso " makhalidwe ovuta " m'maganizo.
Kodi Makhalidwe Othandiza Amakhala Ogwira Ntchito ku Dementia?
Mankhwala osiyana-omwe ambiri amapezeka ndi antiticulants (mankhwala osokoneza bongo) - amadziwika kuti ndi olimbitsa thupi. Kawirikawiri, kafufuzidwe sizinathandizire kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa maganizo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu adwale matenda a maganizo , ngakhale pali zina zomwe dokotala akuziganizira pamene akulamula mankhwalawa. Pakapita nthawi, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akhoza kuwunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo.
Nazi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsa maganizo, kuphatikizapo momwe zimathandizira kuthetsa kusokonezeka ndi kuzunzidwa m'maganizo, malinga ndi kafukufuku.
Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid):
Lithium amalembedwa kuti azichiza matenda a bipolar. Kawirikawiri maphunziro sanawone kuti ndi othandiza pakuthana ndi makhalidwe ovuta m'maganizo.
Valproate (Depakote):
Gulu la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, lomwe limaphatikizapo divalproex sodium (Depakote), valproate sodium (Depacon) ndi valproic acid (Depakene, Stavzor), akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala ena kuti azitha kuvutika maganizo m'maganizo mwawo, komabe ntchito zake sizigwirizana ndi kafukufuku . Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwa ubongo wa ubongo pogwiritsira ntchito divalproex sodium muumtima waumtima.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol):
Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala matenda a khunyu. Kafukufuku wina apeza kuti mankhwalawa anali othandiza kwambiri pochiza matenda ovutika maganizo. Komabe, sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa zingakhale ndi zotsatira zolakwika, monga kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena, kutsika kwa sodium yochepa komanso kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi.
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal):
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandiza kuti achepetse makhalidwe okhudzana ndi matenda a maganizo.
Lamotrigine (Lamictal):
Lamotrigene ndi mankhwala ena omwe amalamulidwa kuti azichiza matenda a khunyu. Pakhala pali zofukufuku zochepa zomwe zawonetsa kusintha kwa kusokonezeka kwaumphawi ndi ntchito yake, ndipo kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti kupereka mankhwala pamodzi ndi mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic kunathandiza kupeŵa kuwonjezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nyuzipepala ya US Food and Drug Administration inati lamotrigene ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kupseza moyo komwe kungakhale ngati zotsatira.
Mankhwala a antipsychotic, amene nthaŵi zina amagawidwa monga zikhazikitso, zimaperekedwa kuti zithandize kuchepetsa makhalidwe ovuta ndi maganizo okhumudwitsa aumtima.
Mankhwala oletsa antipsychotic monga Abilify (aripiprazole), Clozaril (clozapine), Haldol (haloperidol), Risperdol (risperidone), Seroquel (quetiapine), ndi Zyprexa (olanzapine).
Kafukufuku wambiri wakhala akuchitidwa pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso ntchito yawo kwa BPSD. Mankhwalawa ali ndi chithandizo china chochepa pa kafukufuku kuti asonyeze kuti angathandize ndi makhalidwe ovuta m'maganizo, koma amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, ngakhale imfa, ndi ntchito yawo. Chifukwa cha pangoziyi, pakhala ponseponse foni kuchokera ku Center of Medicare ndi Medicaid kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo.
Mankhwala a antipsychotic ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati munthu amene ali ndi matenda a 'dementia' ali ndi paranoia , zopotoka kapena zokopa zomwe zimawachititsa kuti azivutika. Antipsychotics sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chakuti wina alibe phokoso, amadandaula, amayendayenda , kapena sakugona bwino usiku.
Mawu ochokera
Chofunika koposa, kusagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pofuna kuchepetsa matenda a maganizo m'thupi kumayesedwa asanagwiritsidwe ntchito mankhwala. Ngakhale palibe njira yothetsera yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, njira zosagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala zasonyeza njira zothandiza kuchepetsa, ndikuyankhira, BPSD.
Zotsutsa
** Chonde onani kuti mfundo zomwe zili pa webusaitiyi komanso zokhudzana ndi zonsezi komanso kuchokera pa webusaitiyi sizolangizidwa ndi zachipatala komanso ndi zothandiza komanso zowunikira. Ndayesetsa kufotokoza zambiri zomwe zili zogwirizana ndi zachipatala komanso zasayansi, koma izi sizilowe m'malo mwa chisamaliro ndi chitsogozo kuchokera kwa dokotala.
Zotsatira:
Mankhwala ndi Kukalamba. 2012 Aug 1; 29 (8): 627-37. Mphamvu ndi Chitetezo cha Anticonvulsants Chatsopano mwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Chifuwa cha Dementia. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22734626
Akatswiri Ofufuza za Neurotherapeutics. 2012 Feb; 12 (2): 155-8. Association of Chronic Divalproex Ntchito ya Sodium ndi Ubongo Atrophy mu Matenda a Alzheimer. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288670
Journal ya Huazhong University of Science ndi Technology [Medical Sciences]. October 2010, Voliyumu 30, Magazini 5, masamba 652-658. Meta-Kusanthula Mmene Zimakhalira Matenda a Alzheimer's. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11596-010-0559-5
Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 2012 Apr; 28 (4): 185-93. Makhalidwe Othandizira pa Chithandizo cha Zizolowezi za Khalidwe ndi Zalingaliro za Dementia: Zosintha Zosinthidwa. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453066
Psychogeriatrics. 2015 Mar; 15 (1): 32-7. Kuchita Kachipatala kwa Amotrigine ndi Kusintha pa Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Mosasinthasintha Magwiritsidwe Ntchito a Mankhwala a Psychotropic mu Matenda a Alzheimer ndi Zizindikiro za Khalidwe ndi Maganizo a Chifuwa cha Dementia: Chiyeso Choyambirira Chotsutsa. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516380
Dera la Santa Clara County Mental Health Department. Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala. Makhalidwe Otetezeka. June 2014. https://www.sccgov.org/sites/mhd/Providers/PharmacyInformation/MHDGuidelines/Mood%20Stablizers%20Complete%206-2014.pdf
Laibulale ya National of Medicine ya United States. Zolemba Za Mankhwala. Carbamazepine. September 30, 2015. http://livertox.nih.gov/Carbamazepine.htm
Laibulale ya National of Medicine ya United States. Lamotrigine. January 13, 2016. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a695007.html