Mawu Angakhale Akusocheretsa Pamene Ikubwera ku Autism
Anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti "akugwira ntchito kwambiri" kapena "ntchito yochepa." Koma palibe zochitika zoterezi mu bukhu la matenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusiyana pakati papamwamba ndi kotsika kwa autism kumatha, nthawi zambiri, kumadalira malingaliro a aphunzitsi kapena aphunzitsi. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri amangotenga mawu kuti athe kufotokozera zizindikiro za mwana wawo kwa abwenzi ndi anzako.
Kodi Cholakwika ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malamulo Akutsika ndi Otsika Ogwira Ntchito Autism?
Mawu otsika ndi otsika kwambiri akungosokoneza. Kodi munthu wapamwamba akugwira ntchito ngati akulankhula momveka bwino koma ali ndi mavuto aakulu omwe sangathe kusukulu kapena kugwira ntchito? Kodi munthu wotsika amagwira ntchito ngati sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero cholankhula koma ndi wojambula bwino? Mawuwa angayambitse kusokonezeka ndi kusokonezeka chifukwa:
- Palibe nthawi imene imalongosola Maluso , matalente apadera , nkhawa, kapena vuto la mavuto.
- Palibe mawu omwe amakupatsani inu chidziwitso chenicheni chokhudza ngati munthu angathe kugwira bwino ntchito pamalo amodzi. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi "otsika" autism omwe angathe kukhala ndi kusangalala ndi kanema, mwachitsanzo - ndipo pali anthu omwe ali ndi "ntchito yodalirika" autism omwe amapeza makamu, kununkhira, phokoso, ndi mavuto ena omwe sungathe kulamulira .
- Palibe nthawi imene imakuuzani ngati munthu akhoza kuchita bwino ntchito. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi "ntchito yotsika" autism omwe amagwira ntchito mokondwa komanso mopindulitsa, komanso anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi "ntchito yodalirika" autism omwe satha kupeza ndi kusunga ntchito imene amakukonda.
- Mwinanso kwambiri, khalidwe laukali , ngakhale losawerengeka, limapezeka mwa anthu autistic pamlingo wonse wa kuuma. Ngakhale anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri autism, omwe ali ndi chilankhulo cholimba, akhoza "kusungunuka" nthawi zina.
Kufotokozera Autism Kuchokera pa "Zachizolowezi" Zochita ndi Mphamvu
Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto omwe ali nawo pamaganizo otsika komanso otsika kwambiri autism, iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri ndi anthu omwe sali autistic .
Ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mlingo umene wina pamasewera ali (kapena amawoneka) ali ofanana ndi anthu omwe SALI pa spectrum. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu autistic amene ali kapena akuwoneka kuti ali pafupi ndi "zachibadwa" amawoneka kuti ndi otsika kwambiri. Motero, mwachitsanzo:
- Anthu ogwira ntchito apamwamba amagwiritsira ntchito chinenero cholankhulidwa kuti azilankhulana. Anthu ogwira ntchito ochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kapena zithunzithunzi ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi chinenero chochepa kapena chosayankhula.
- Anthu ogwira ntchito mwakuya amatha kukhala okhoza kuyang'anira zoyembekeza za malo apamwamba. Izi kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto labwino pachinenero choyankhulidwa ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa ziyembekezero za ena.
- Anthu ogwira ntchito moyenera nthawi zambiri amadziwa bwino misonkhano. Mwachitsanzo, iwo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi ziwiya nthawi zonse, moni moni bwino, ndi zina zotero.
- Anthu ogwira ntchito otsika amawoneka ndikumveka mosiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kulemala kwawo kumawoneka momveka bwino komanso kwachidziwitso kwa munthu wamba. Anthu ogwira ntchito mwachiwonekere amawoneka ngati ofanana (mpaka chochitika kapena zokambirana zimapangitsa kuti autism iziwonekere).
- Anthu ogwira ntchito ochepa sangakhale nawo m'kalasi kapena ntchito zomwe zikuchitika ndipo amakhala osiyana kwambiri ndi ophunzira. Anthu apamwamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza - popanda kapena kuthandizidwa - m'kalasi ndi mapulogalamu osukulu.
Zosiyana zonsezi, komabe, zimapangidwira, ndipo sizingatheke. Ndichifukwa chakuti anthu autistic amakhala ndi zosiyana mosiyana, ndipo aliyense ali ndi mphamvu ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Ngakhale kuti ndizothandiza kufotokozera anthu autistic mofanana ndi anthu omwe ali nawo, malingaliro amenewa akhoza kusocheretsa. Ndicho chifukwa anthu otsika otsika angapambane kumene anthu apamwamba akugwira ntchito, ndipo mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, munthu "wothamanga kwambiri" yemwe amawoneka "wamba" (kapena ngakhale wapadera) m'kalasi ya koleji angapeze kuti n'zosatheka kugwira ntchito pa phwando.
Pakalipano, munthu "wotsika kwambiri" yemwe sagwiritse ntchito chinenero choyankhulira akhoza kukhala woposa wokhoza kuyambitsa kukambirana pa intaneti.
"Miyeso" ya Autism mu DSM5
Kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero cholankhulidwa si chizindikiro cha nzeru. Kukwanitsa kugwira ntchito bwino m'kalasi sikuli chitsimikiziro cha luso labwino la chikhalidwe. Kuti muyambe kuzungulira zenizenizi ndikupereka mtundu wina wa kusiyana pakati pa matendawa, DSM 5 (yomwe ili yatsopano yopezera matenda) ikuphatikizapo magulu atatu a autism pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chofunikira. Anthu omwe ali ndi autism imodzi akusowa thandizo, pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi gawo la autism amafunikira kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti njira imeneyi yodziŵikiratu imakhala yomveka, sizinawathandize kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa chosowa chithandizo chimasiyanasiyana ndi zifukwa zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemweyo angafunikire chithandizo chochepa panyumba, chithandizo chachikulu ku sukulu, ndi chithandizo chochuluka mu buku, zosakhazikika za chikhalidwe.