Amafunikila Chilolezo cha Amishonale ku US
PharmD ndi chidule cha Doctor of Pharmacy degree. Ndi digiri ya digirii ya doctorate yomwe imapezeka mu sukulu ya mankhwala ndi osakayikira mankhwala , monga ofanana ndi MD kwa dokotala. Dokotala wa dipatimenti ya pharmacy akufunikanso ku United States kuti adzalandire Dipatimenti Yopereka Chithandizo cha Madzi ku North America (NAPLEX) ndi kulembedwa ndi kulandira chilolezo monga wamasitolo.
Mayiko ena amasiyana ndi zofunikira kuti akhale wamasitomala ovomerezeka, kuphatikizapo Canada kumene dipatimenti yoyenera ndi a bachelor pharmacy.
Mbiri ya PharmD Dipatimenti ndi Zofunikira
Dokotala wa dipatimenti ya pharmacy ndi yatsopano komanso yatsopano kwa asayansi ku United States. Asanafike chaka cha 2006, asayansi amatha kupatsidwa chilolezo atatha zaka zisanu zapadera kuti adziwe masukulu a pharmacies, a BSPharm. Akadutsa mayeso ndikupeza chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, munthuyo ndi wolemba mankhwala kapena RPP.
Sukulu yoyamba yopereka dokotala wa digiri ya pharmacy inali yunivesite ya Southern California mu 1950. Inkaonedwa ngati yosankha. Koma madokotala ambiri a mapulogalamu apamtengowo anapangidwa kudutsa ku United States. Iwo adakhala ndi maofesi a zachipatala, omwe adawoneka kuti ndi ofunika. Tsopano imatchedwa Experience Advanced Practice Practice.
Mu 1992, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) inkafuna kuti sukulu zonse zamankhwala zomwe amavomerezedwa zimapereka dokotala wa digiri ya mankhwala. Bachelor of science mu dipatimenti ya pharmacy inasinthidwa kwathunthu ndi dokotala wa dipatimenti ya pharmacy monga kalasi yophunzira omaliza mu 2006.
Azimayi omwe apatsidwa chilolezo chisanafike chaka cha 2006 popanda dokotala wa digiri ya mankhwala sakuyenera kupeza digiri yapamwamba kuti achite. Komabe, pali mapulogalamu omwe amawalola kupeza dokotala wawo wa digiri ya mankhwala. Kaya olemba ntchito adzafuna digiri yapamwamba, monga momwe zachitikira ndi anamwino olembetsa, akukhalabe kuti awoneke.
Sukulu ya Pharmacy
Sukulu ya apammayi nthawi zambiri amaphunzira maphunziro a zaka zinayi kuti ophunzira ayambe pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi za maphunziro apamwamba. Komabe, pali ochepa mwamsanga komanso ogwirizanitsa dokotala wa mapulogalamu.
Kuloledwa ku sukulu ya mankhwala kumapikisana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Yunivesite ya Oregon State ili ndi ntchito zokwana 600 mpaka 800 kwa dokotala wa pulogalamu ya mankhwala chaka chilichonse, ndipo malo 90 okha amapezeka pa gulu lililonse lolowera. Pafupifupi onse amene anavomerezedwa kale anali atalandira digiri ya bachelor asanapite ku dokotala wa pulogalamu ya mankhwala. Ophunzira a pulogalamu ya OSU adatha zaka zinayi zophunzira kuchipatala cha pharmacy. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani malangizo othandizira sukulu .
Pambuyo pomaliza pulogalamuyo, katswiri wamalonda amatenga mayeso awiri. Nyuzipepala yamalamulo ya North American Pharmacist Examination (NAPLEX) ndi Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Examination (MPJE), yomwe imayesa kudziwa malamulo a federal ndi boma.
Kuti mukhale ndi chilolezo, maola angapo a internship / malo okhala pansi pa msika wamalonda angayesedwe ndi boma.
Azimayi ena amapitiriza maphunziro awo ndi malo omwe amaliza maphunziro kapena chiyanjano.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti Ph.D. Pharmacology ndi yosiyana ndi dokotala wa digiri ya mankhwala.