Chilichonse Chimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Pankhani ya Njuchi Kulimbana ndi Nthendayi
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati mukuganiza kuti mukulephera kugwiritsira ntchito njuchi ndipo ndizomwe mungachite? Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani za mankhwala opweteka, ndipo izi zingakhale zosavuta? Kodi zizindikiro zowononga zingathandize bwanji kuti "kuchiritsa" zizindikiro za anthu ena? Tiyeni tikulankhulana za zonse zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa za njuchi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Mwachidule
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyenda tizilombo tizilombo timene timatuluka (tizilombo tokoma, nyanga, mavu, ma jekete, ndi nyerere zamoto) ndizofala.
Anthu ambiri omwe akugwedezeka ndi tizilombowa amayamba kuchitapo kanthu pa tsamba la mbola yomwe imayambitsa ululu, kutupa, kufiira, ndi kuyabwa. Peresenti ya anthu-pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 peresenti-iyenso idzapeza malo akuluakulu a kutupa, ndipo kutupa kumatha mpaka sabata. Kawirikawiri, anthu akhoza kukumana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limatchedwa anaphylaxis . Pafupifupi ana m'modzi mwa ana makumi awiri (200) komanso akuluakulu atatu (3%) aliwonse adzapeza anaphylaxis pambuyo pa kuluma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuwonjezera apo, pafupifupi anthu 40 ku United States amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha nthendayi, ngakhale kuti pali ena omwe amafa chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimayambitsa zifukwa zina, ndipo chifukwa chake nambalayi mwina ndi yochepa. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amafa pakati pa anthu opanda mbiri yodziwika ndi matenda oopsa.
Zowopsa
Zomwe tangoziwonapo-kuti imfa zambiri kuchokera ku njuchi zapwetekedwa ndi njuchi zimachitika mwa iwo omwe sadziwa za zowawa zawo-zingakhale zoopsa.
Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale izi ziri zovuta, ndi nambala yaing'ono yowonjezera mavuto ena ambiri pakati pathu. Wovomerezeka wina amakumbutsa odwala ake kuti akhoza kufa m'galimoto popita ku paki kusiyana ndi njuchi pamene akusewera paki. Ngakhale kuti nthenda yambiri ya njuchi ingachitike kwa wina aliyense, omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda ena oopsa, monga odwala rhinitis ( hayfever ) ndi mphumu zili pangozi yaikulu.
Musanayambe kukwera njuchi poyesa matenda, ndi bwino kuyang'ana zizindikiro za anaphylaxis. Ngati mwakhala mukugunda ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro izi, lekani kuŵerenga ndikufunsanso chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro
Ngati wina ali ndi thupi lonse (systemic, kapena anaphylactic) atayesayesa kutayika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amatha kupeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi, kawirikawiri mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mpaka maola angapo:
- Kuyabwa konse
- Njuchi kapena kutupa komwe kumafalikira pa tsamba la mbola
- Flushing
- Mphuno yothamanga, kupopera kapena kuthamanga kwapambuyo
- Maso amadzi / madzi
- Kutupa kwa milomo, lilime kapena mmero
- Kupuma pang'ono, kupuma kapena kukokera
- Kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kunyoza, kusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba
- Kuthamanga kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa mtima, kutsika kwa magazi kapena kutuluka
- Kutengeka kapena kuzindikira za chiwonongeko chomwe chikubwera
- Chida chachitsulo m'kamwa
Tizilombo Tomwe Timayambitsa Vutoli
Palinso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tomwe timayambira. Ngakhale kuti zingakhale zothandiza m'tsogolomu, kudziwa tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa sikofunika kwambiri kuposa kufunafuna mankhwala mwamsanga. Poganizira zovuta zowonongeka, izi zingathandize, njira zochiritsira zosiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Izi zikuti, mayeso okhudzidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mbiri kuti athandize kuzindikira chodziwika bwino. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa tizirombo:
Miphika yapamwamba ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo tokhala pansi, Amakonda kukhala tizilombo taukali, ndipo amakhala ovuta pa mapikisiki komanso pafupi ndi zitsamba zam'madzi kumene chakudya ndi zakumwa zotsekemera zili zambiri. Kutseka pamlomo kapena mkati mwa pakamwa kapena mmero kumatha kupezeka pamene zakumwa zimatengedwa kuchokera ku soda yotseguka kuti jekete yachikasu idakwera. Nthaŵi zina, kuyimba kwa jekete kumakhala ndi matenda a khungu chifukwa tizilombo tingathe kunyamula mabakiteriya.
Mapuloteni , kuphatikizapo hornets ndi azitsamba ndi zoyera, kumanga mapepala a mâché zisa m'mitengo ndi zitsamba. Tizilombo tingakhale okwiya kwambiri, ndipo timadandaula chifukwa cha kukhumudwa pang'ono, monga munthu amene akukuta udzu kapena kudula mtengo.
Mphuno kumanga zisa zisala pansi pa nsanja za nyumba, kapena mumtengo, shrub kapena pansi pa patio mipando. Amakonda kukhala okwiya kwambiri kuposa ma jekete achikasu ndi ma hornets, ndipo amadyetsa tizilombo ndi timadzi tokoma.
Njuchi zamtunduwu zimakonda kwambiri chisa m'mitengo, mitengo kapena mkati mwa nyumba. Kuchokera kumng'oma, abambo amakonda kukhala opanda nkhanza koma akhoza kukhala okhwima pamene mng'oma akuopsezedwa kapena kusokonezeka. Kuwomba kuchokera ku njuchi kumakhala kofala pamene munthu amayenda nsapato pa udzu wodzala ndi clover. Ndiwo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okha omwe timachoka pakhungu pamatendawa, ngakhale kuti tizilombo tina timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timapanga. Ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zomwe zalembedwa zokhudza kuchotsa mbola, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi iliyonse yomwe ikufulumira kwambiri. Ngati mbola imakhala yayitali kwambiri pakhungu (mpaka masekondi makumi awiri) ndiye kuti chiwindi chomwe chingayambe kulowa.
Amphaka a azungu ali oopsa kwambiri kuposa uchi wamtunduwu, umene unapangidwa ndi azungu a ku Africa omwe ali ndi azungu okhala ku South America kuti azitulutsa uchi. Mafinya awo ali ofanana ndi azisamba zakutchire-kutanthauza kuti munthu atsekemera kwa chikhalidwe cha uchi, amakhalanso oletsedwa kwa azisamba. Amakonda kuluma m'magulu akulu, nthawi zina ndi mazana.
Zing'onoting'ono sizimangobera anthu chifukwa sizowononga komanso mwachibadwa. Adzaluma ngati akukhumudwa kapena chisa chawo chitasokonezeka, koma ndizokwera komanso zochepa, nthawi zambiri munthu amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri komanso chenjezo kuti athawe. Amakhala pansi kapena mumtunda wa udzu clippings kapena nkhuni ndi kudyetsa tizilombo ndi maluwa timadzi tokoma.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungadziwire kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda .
Kupewa
Mwachidule, njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kupewa kupezeka. Nazi malangizo pang'ono:
- Gwiritsani ophwanya ophunzitsidwa kuti muzitha kumanga malo aliwonse omwe akudziwika; kuyang'anirana nthawi ndi nthawi kuti chiwerengero cha infestation chichitike.
- Pewani kuyang'ana kapena kununkhira ngati duwa. Musavveke zovala zofiira kwambiri kapena zokongoletsera zamaluwa, kapena zonunkhira kapena zovuta zina zomwe zingakope tizilombo.
- Nthawi zonse muzivala nsapato poyenda kunja, makamaka udzu.
- Valani mathalauza, malaya atsopano, magolovesi, nsapato zapafupi, ndi masokosi pamene mukugwira ntchito panja.
- Samalani mukamagwira kuzungulira tchire, zitsamba, mitengo ndi zinyalala.
- Nthawi zonse onani zakudya ndi zakumwa (makamaka zikhomo zotsegula za soda kapena zakumwa ndi nsagwada) musanayambe kudya, makamaka pamadzi ndi mapikisiki, komwe kumapezeka ziphuphu zachikasu.
- Sungani tizilombo tovomerezeka kuti tigwiritse ntchito pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuyesedwa
Kuyezetsa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesera khungu kapena kuchita RAST . Kuyezetsa khungu ndi njira yokondweretseratu ndipo njirayi ndi yofanana ndi kuyesa kwa poizoni kapena matenda a chiweto. Komabe, zingakhale zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kuchulukitsa kwa mafinya omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lidziwe. Ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amayesa tizilombo tonse tomwe timayambitsa njuchi (njuchi, ululu, ndi zina zotero) chifukwa kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri anthu sangathe kudziwa mtundu wa tizilombo.
Munthu amene akugwidwa ndi tizilombo kamodzi angasonyeze kuyesa kwabwino kwa mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya nyama amaperekedwa.
Amene ayenera kuyesedwa
Sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zomveka bwino zomwe zimafunika kuyesedwa kwa njuchi, koma kawirikawiri:
Kuyezetsa sikofunika Ngati munthu sanayambe adzalumidwa ndi tizilombo, kapena sanakhale ndi zizindikiro (kupatula ululu pa tsamba la mbola) chifukwa cha mbola, palibe chifukwa choyesa kuyesa kupatsirana kwa chiwindi.
Kapena, ngati mwana wosakwana zaka 16 ali ndi zizindikiro zokha za khungu (monga ming'oma ndi kutupa) pambuyo pa mbola. Izi ndi chifukwa anaphylaxis idzachitika kokha mpaka 10 peresenti ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kapena, ngati mwana kapena wamkulu ali ndi malo akuluakulu, komwe kutupa kumachitika pa tsamba la mbola yekha, sizimakhala chifukwa choyesera kupweteka kwa mimba kapena kupereka chithokomiro cha nthendayi. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti kukhala ndi anaphylaxis ndi mimba yamtsogolo ndi pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10 peresenti kwa ana ndi akulu. (Kafukufuku wochepa amasonyeza kuti zotsatirazi zingathe kuchepetsedwa pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafinya ammimba, ndipo izi zingafunikire pamene zimakhala zowawa ndipo kutupa kumasokoneza khalidwe la munthu kapena kuthekera kwa ntchito.)
Kuyesera n'kofunika: Ngati munthu wa zaka zirizonse ali ndi zizindikiro za anaphylaxis (onani tsamba 1) atakhala akugunda. Ndi chifukwa chakuti munthuyo ali ndi pafupifupi 60 mpaka 70 peresenti kuti mphutsi zakutchire zamtsogolo zidzasokoneza zomwezo. Mpata wokhudzidwa ndi mbola yam'tsogolo imachepetsedwa patapita nthawi koma imakhalabe pafupi 20 peresenti zaka zambiri pambuyo pake.
Komanso, ngati pali vuto linalake la makolo kapena mwanayo ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuyimba kwafupipafupi, kuyezetsa magazi ndi chithandizo ndi njira yabwino. Anthu oposa 16 omwe ali ndi vuto lomweli ayenera kukhala ndi ma ARV ndi mankhwala, atapatsidwa chiopsezo chachikulu cha anaphylaxis ndi mitsempha yamtsogolo.
Zindikirani : Ngati munthu akupezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lachilombo choyambitsa matenda, koma sanakhalepo ndi zizindikiro zolimbitsa thupi, mwayi wokhala anaphylaxis ndi mimba yamtsogolo ndi pafupifupi 17 peresenti.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi chimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa bwino zochita, komanso kupewa njira zamtsogolo.
Kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga za zochita zovuta. Epinephrine ndi mankhwala omwe amasankha anaphylaxis. Anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba amalimbikitsidwa kunyamula mawonekedwe a epinephrine, monga Epi-Pen kapena Twin-Ject. Ngati mankhwalawa akufunika, chithandizo chamankhwala chikufunikanso, ndipo munthuyo ayenera kuitanitsa 911 kapena kupita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa.
Ngati kuyamwa kapena ming'oma ndi chizindikiro chokha, antihistamine ya m'kamwa ikhoza kukhala yofunikira ngakhale kuti kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala akudandauliridwabe. Ngati zizindikiro zowonjezereka kapena kutupa kwa khungu kumakhudza kupuma, ndiye epinephrine adzafunikanso.
Ngati mbola imakhalabe pakhungu, monga ndi mbola ya uchi, imachotsedwa mwamsanga kuti utsi wambiri usatayidwe mu mbola. Osati finila mbola kapena malo a khungu-mmalo mwake, kukoketsani mbolayo ndi zofiira kapena kukopera mbola pamphepete mwa khadi la ngongole. Ikani ayezi kapena ozizira compress pamalo otsekemera kuti muchepetse kutupa kwanu.
Chithandizo cha zochita zamtsogolo. Pofuna kupewa zomwe zimachitika ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tipewe kukhala pafupi ndi tizilombo todwalitsa. Ngati munthu wakumana ndi anaphylaxis, kapena zizindikiro za thupi lonse (ming†™ oma, kuyabwa, kuthamanga, kutupa malo otsekemera) m'zaka 16 kapena kuposerapo, ndiye kuti mimba ndi kuyesedwa zimafunika.
Mankhwala otchedwa Immunotherapy, kapena zizindikiro zowononga , pogwiritsa ntchito chiwindi choyeretsedwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa tizilombo chimene munthu amachiza, akhoza kuchiza nthendayi. Kuwopsa kwa ziwopsezo pogwiritsa ntchito chiwindi choyera kumaperekedwa mofanana ndi zovuta zowonjezera kwa mungu. Munthu atalandira mlingo woyenera wa chiwopsezo cha nthendayi, mpata wotsatilapo umakhala wochepa kuposa 5 peresenti. Pambuyo pa nthiti zoopsa zowopsa kwa zaka 3 mpaka 5, anthu ambiri amatha kuwombera popanda kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mwayi wotsutsa.
Komabe, anthu ena omwe amawopsa kwambiri, omwe amawopsya moyo chifukwa cha tizirombo toyambitsa tizilombo, kapena omwe ali ndi anaphylaxis kuchokera ku ziwombankhanga, amafuna kuti pakhale moyo wautali. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mwayi wamunthu wochitapo kanthu pamatumbo amtsogolo ukhoza kukula pang'onopang'ono mpaka 20 peresenti zaka zambiri pambuyo poti mphutsi zowonongeka zimaimitsidwa. Nkhaniyi ndi malo omwe amapezeka pofufuza zofuna zowopsa ndipo amafunikanso kukambirana momveka bwino pakati pa munthu ndi otsutsa.
Kwa omwe ali ndi zilonda zoopsa zomwe ayenera-chifukwa cha ntchito kapena zokondweretsa-zikhale zovuta zomwe zimachitika mosavuta, njira yofulumira kuthamanga imayenera kuganiziridwa. Kuthamanga kwachangu monga kuthamanga, ngakhale kuti kumachititsa ngozi yowonjezera, ingayambitse kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthendayi mofulumira kwambiri kuti "nthawi zonse" zozizwitsa zimawombera.
Pambuyo pa Kutsekula kwa Nthendayi kwa Njuchi Zozizira
Anthu ena amatsenga amachititsa kuti asatenge kachilomboka, kaya atayesedwe khungu kapena RAST, pambuyo poti matenda a mafinya aperekedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Venom immunotherapy ingalephereke pakati pa anthu ambiri omwe amayesedwa ndi zovuta, ngakhale kuti mayeso samakhala otsika nthawi zonse, ngakhale anthu omwe adzalandira mpweya woopsa kwa zaka zambiri.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti ana ambiri omwe amayamba kuwombera nkhonya za njuchi samaliza mankhwala awo. Kumbukirani kuti kuthamanga kwa mankhwala kungathe kuchiza njuchi kukupweteka kwa matenda ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wowopsyeza kuopsa kwa moyo m'tsogolomu, koma mankhwala onsewa ayenera kukwaniritsidwa.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Anthu onse omwe ali ndi mbiri yowonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo ana okhala ndi khungu yekha komanso omwe ali ndi machitidwe akuluakulu, ayenera kulingalira kukhala ndi mtundu wina wochenjeza zamankhwala , kaya ndi chibangili, khadi lamakwerero, kapena chidziwitso cha mpukutu chomwe chikuwonetsa matenda awo , komanso kukhala ndi jekeseni ya epinephrine yomwe imapezeka mosavuta. EpiPen iyi iyenera kunyamulidwa ndi inu kulikonse komwe mupita. TSA imakulolani kuti mutenge EpiPen yanu pamodzi ndi inu ngati mukuuluka, koma yang'anani kutsogolo kuti mutsimikizire.
Njuchi zazing'ono zimakhala zofala, ndipo zotsatira zowonongeka zingabweretse mavuto aakulu kapena imfa. Izi zimati, kuzindikira zizindikiro za anaphylaxis ndikuyitanitsa mwamsanga kungachepetse chiopsezo cha mavutowa.
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mtima wochepa samasowa ma shoti, komabe zida zowopsa zimapereka chithandizo cha mankhwala kwa omwe ali ndi zilonda zoopsa.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira nthawi yomaliza kuti nthendayi zambiri zowonongeka ndi njuchi zimachitika mwa iwo omwe alibe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino. Aliyense ayenera kudziwa zizindikiro za anaphylaxis komanso momwe angathandizire thandizo lachangu ngati likufunikira.
> Zosowa
- > Fiedler, C., Miehe, U., Treudler, R., Kiess, W., ndi F. Prenzel. Kutsata Ana Kwanthaŵi Yaitali Pambuyo pa Venom Immunotherapy: Kutsika Kwambiri kwa Anaphylaxis Malangizo. Nkhani Zokhudza Zachiza Zakale ndi Immunology . 2017. 172 (3): 167-172.
- Kasper, Dennis L .., Anthony S. Fauci, ndi Stephen L .. Hauser. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015. Print.
- > Vachova, M., Panzner, P., Malkusova, I., Hanzlikova, J., ndi T. Vlas. Kuyesedwa kwa Laboratory Kuyeza kwa Kuzindikira kwa Hymenoptera Vuto Lowopsa. Zotsatira za Kupatsirana ndi Khunyu . 2016. 37 (3): 248-55.