Kodi kusowa kwa mbolo kumakuika pangozi yochepa?
Azimayi amodzi amadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa HIV chifukwa cha mbali yaikulu ya zochitika zogonana (kuphatikizapo kugonana pamlomo) zochepa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda.
Ena atenga izi kutanthawuza kuti azimayi ambiri amakhala osatengeka ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana monga papillomavirus ya munthu (HPV) , kachilombo kamene kakugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya pachibelekero.
Mmene HPV imafalikira
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa HIV ndi HPV ndiko kuti chiopsezo cha HIV chimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu ziwiri: kugonana kwa abambo ndi kugonana kwa abambo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, HPV imafalikira kudzera mwa kukhudzana kwambiri ndi khungu ndi khungu, kuphatikizapo kugonana kwachisawawa (ntchito yomwe imakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga HIV).
Momwemo, HPV ikhoza kudutsa pakati pa akazi awiri mosavuta monga pakati pa amuna awiri kapena mwamuna ndi mkazi. Kulowa peneni sikofunikira. Kuyanjana khungu ndi khungu ndi munthu wodwala ndizofunika.
Chimodzimodzinso ndi HPV muzimayi amodzi ndi akazi omwe ali ndi zibwenzi. Panthawi yogonana, zomwe zimapereka mwayi waukulu wopatsirana pogonana ndi:
- Kugonana kwa kugonana
- kumakhudza ziwalo za munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo kaye ndipo kenako
- kugawana zolaula zogonana zosadziwika
Kafukufuku wina adafotokozanso kuti HPV ikhoza kupyolera pamalankhula-kugonana kwa amayi (cunnilingus) kapena kupsompsona kwakukulu, ngakhale pali kutsutsana kwakukulu ngati kudalirika kwa maphunziro.
Kuchepetsa Kuopsa kwa HPV
Pali njira zingapo zosavuta kuti azimayi angathe kuchepetsa mwayi wawo wopeza kapena kufalitsa HPV:
- pogwiritsira ntchito kondomu kumagwiritsidwe ogonana ngati mukufuna kukambirana nawo
- Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi ( chophika chala ) mukakhudza ziwalo
- kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zibwenzi zomwe muli nazo
- kukhalabe pachibwenzi chokha
- pogwiritsa ntchito maboma a mano ngati mutapeza zokhudzana ndi zilonda kapena zida zokhudzana ndi chiberekero
Kudziletsa ndichinthu chodabwitsa ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri achikulire sangakwanitse.
Mmene Mungapezere Ngati muli ndi HPV
Azimayi omwe ali ndi HPV nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti ali ndi HPV pafupipafupi. Pap smear amatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa chiberekero choyambitsa matendawa, ndipo zina zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero. Nthawi zina, chovala chamkati chingakhalepo (chizindikiro chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya HPV).
Kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha mitsempha ya chiberekero (yotchedwa dysplasia) sikukutanthauza kuti mudzapeza khansa. Matenda ochepa okha a HPV amagwirizanitsa ndi khansa komanso zotsatira zocheperapo ndi ziwalo zogonana. Nthawi zambiri, HPV idzasankha yekha popanda kuchipatala.
Mwamwayi, pali maganizo ambiri omwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti asayansi safuna mapepala a Pap. Izi ndi zabodza kwathunthu. Azimayi onse amafunika kukhala ndi mapepala afupipafupi a Pap, mosasamala za kugonana. Zotsatira zamakono za American Cancer Society zimalangiza kuti amayi onse ayambe Pap smear yoyamba patatha zaka zitatu atayamba kuchita zachiwerewere kapena ali ndi zaka 21, chirichonse chomwe chimabwera poyamba.
Kuyezetsa HPV ndi njira ina yodziwira HPV. Mosiyana ndi kufufuza kusintha, mayesowa amawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Mayeso a Pap ndi HPV angathe kuchitidwa panthawi yomweyo. Azimayi azaka 30 ndi kupitirira akulangizidwa kubwezera zaka zitatu. Azimayi omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu kapena omwe ali ndi dysplasia amafunika kuwunika mobwerezabwereza.
Matenda Omwe Amayambitsa Matenda a HPV
Pali mitundu yoposa 150 ya HIV yomwe 30 kapena kuposerapo ndi opatsirana pogonana. Zimaganizidwa kuti pafupifupi munthu aliyense wogonana - kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi, mwamuna kapena mkazi - amatha kupeza mtundu umodzi wa HPV pa moyo wawo wonse.
Mwa mitundu yomwe imakonda kugwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ndi mabala a chiberekero:
- HPV 16 ndi 18 zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi 70 peresenti ya khansa ya chiberekero yonse. HPV 16 ndi vuto lomwe limagwirizananso ndi khansa ya mutu ndi ya pakhosi. Zina 20 peresenti zimagwirizana ndi HPV 31, 33, 34, 45, 52, ndi 58.
- HPV 6 ndi 11 zimawerengera pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya kuphulika kwa chiberekero chonse.
Katemera motsutsana ndi HPV
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, katemera amakhalapo omwe angateteze ku mavuto ena akuluakulu a HPV. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Gardasil (yemvomerezeka mu 2006) yomwe imateteza HPV 6, 11, 16 ndi 18
- Cervarix (yomwe inavomerezedwa mu 2009) imateteza HPV 16 ndi 18
- Gardasil 9 (yovomelezeka 2014) yomwe imateteza HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, ndi 58
Mawu Ochokera
Amayi achiwerewere ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotengera HPV monga akazi okhaokha. Musaganize kuti kugonana kosalowerera kumakupangitsani kukhala pangozi yaikulu ya HPV. Onetsetsani kuti mumayang'anitsitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa komanso kuti kusintha kulikonse pakati pa mitsempha ya chiberekero kumayang'anitsitsa. Mukatero, mungathe kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansara ya chiberekero, komanso zina zokhudzana ndi matenda a HPV.
> Zosowa
- > Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "HPV ndi chiyani?" Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa December 20, 2016.
- > Potter, J ;; Peitzmeier, S .: Bernstein, I. et al. "Kuyezetsa Khansa ya Kachiberekero kwa Odwala pa Maonekedwe a Amuna Kapena Akazi: Ndemanga Yatsatanetsatane ndi Guide kwa Odwala." Journal of General Internal Medicine . 2015; 30 (12): 1857-1864.