Madzudzu amaluma . Nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zovuta. Koma ndi kuluma kulikonse, zingakhale zambiri. Pali mwayi wawung'ono umene angafalitse matenda, ndipo ngakhale kuti izo zikuwoneka zoopsa, kumbukirani kuti kungokhala ndi udzudzu ndi mavairasi mozungulira sikokwanira. Iyenera kukhala HIV yoyenera kwa udzudzu wabwino pamalo abwino. Madzudzu angapangitse vuto linalake ngati mavairasi abwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda alipo.
Virusi yoyenera, udzudzu woyenera, ndi malo abwino akuwoneka kuti akuwongolera mochulukirapo. Takhala tikuwona kuphuka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa udzudzu . Izi sizikutanthauza Zika yekha, komanso Chikungunya , Dengue , ndi yellow fever . Mavairasi awa anawonekera mwadzidzidzi kumene sanali kuyembekezera, makamaka ku America, komanso ku Asia ndi Africa.
Kodi Mayaro Virus angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi Bug Bug New?
Chitsanzo cha lab lab kwa mnyamata yemwe ali ndi malungo ku Haiti mu 2015 chinasonyezedwa kukhala chabwino kwa Mayaro. Vutoli silinawonekepo kale ku Haiti. Zonse zomwe zisanachitike zinapezeka ku South America.
N'zotheka kuti kachilomboka kanakhalapo nthawi zonse, osadziwika. Vutoli mwina poyamba linabwera ku South America kuchokera ku Africa zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Pokhapokha ngati ali ndi luso loyesera kuti ayese kachilombo ka HIV, zikhoza kukhala kuti zifukwa zina zidakhala ngati Dengue kapena palibe.
Kachilomboka kamene kamakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi mavuto ena omwe amapezeka ku South America.
Zili ndizofanana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapezeka ku Brazil zaka 50 zapitazo.
Poganizira, Zika adakhala ku Haiti asanadziwike ku Brazil (ngakhale kuti mwina kale ku Brazil). Ndili ndi Zika, kachilomboka kanachokera ku South Pacific. Koma zikhoza kukhala kuti kachilomboka kakhala ku Haiti yaitali kuposa momwe tinkadziwira.
Palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti Mayaro adzafalikira mwadzidzidzi, koma ndibwino kuyang'ana mavairasi.
Zizindikiro za Matenda a Mayaro
Matendawa amayamba ndi Mayaro HIV (MAYV) amayamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha masiku atatu kapena asanu. Matendawa angaphatikizepo malungo, ziwalo zolimbitsa thupi, ululu wa minofu, kupweteka kwa mutu, ululu wa maso (makamaka kumaso), kutukumuka, komanso kunyoza, kusanza, ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za magazi zakhala zikuchitika.
Matendawa kawirikawiri amakhala ochepa, koma amatha kupweteka kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala vuto lenileni kwa iwo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ululu wosatha kapena wokhalanso. Ululu uwu ukhoza makamaka kukhala pamphuno, mawondo, kapena manja ndipo ukhoza kusokoneza, kuwapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuyenda kapena kulemba. Koma, nthawi zambiri, amadzikonda okha. Anthu ambiri ndi abwino basi pambuyo pake.
Sipanakhalepo lipoti lililonse la mavuto pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, koma kachilomboka sikunaphunzire komanso ma virus ena chifukwa ndi osowa ndipo amapezeka kumadera akutali.
Kodi Vuto la Mayaro Lingatheke Kuti?
Izo zimadalira pa zinthu zambiri. Zambiri zimadalira kuti udzudzu ulipo komanso ngati udzudzu ukhoza kufalitsa kachilomboka. Sikuti udzudzu umatulutsa mavairasi opatsirana ndi udzudzu.
Ming'anga yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi HIV ya Mayaro imapezeka ku South America ( Haemagogus janthinomys). Izi zinkaganiziridwa kuti ndizo chifukwa chake kachilomboka kanali komweko - osati kwina kulikonse.
Komabe, pali ming'anga yambiri yofanana (kuphatikizapo Mansonia venezuelensis ndi udzudzu wina wa Culex ).
Chofunika kwambiri, kuti tonsefe tikukhala kutali ndi Amazon, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingafalikire kudzera mu udzudzu wa Aedes (mwachitsanzo ngati Aedes aegypti). Uwu ndi udzudzu womwewo umene watulutsa Zika, Dengue, ndi Chikungunya. Aedes aegypti amapezeka m'madera ambiri ku America, Asia, ndi Africa.
Udzudzu ukhoza kupezeka m'madera ena kumwera kwa US.
Malo
Vutoli limakhala likufalikira m'nkhalango.
Choyamba chinapezeka m'ma 1950 pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'nkhalango ku Trinidad. Pali tawuni ndi dera la Trinidad lotchedwa Mayaro, yomwe inali malo omwe kachilombo ka Mayaro kanali koyamba. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anthu amayamba kuchepa komanso oyendayenda akupezeka kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena kachilombo ka HIV. Makamaka, kufalitsa kwalembedwa ku Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, French Guyana, Ecuador, Bolivia, Suriname, komanso Trinidad ndi Tobago komanso tsopano Haiti.
Ma antibodies apezeka kutali kumpoto monga Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, ndi Mexico. Zitha kukhala kuti kachilomboka kakakhala kofalikira kuposa momwe tinkadziwira.
Zofanana, Kuyesedwa, Kulemba, ndi Chithandizo
Mayaro ndi ofanana ndi Dengue ndi Chikungunya, komanso Zika. Mavutowa amatha kuoneka ngati ofanana ndi matenda onsewa kotero kuti matendawa asapangidwe bwino.
Pali mayeso a magazi a Mayaro. Izi zimayang'ana ma antibodies, komanso zowonongeka kwa kachilomboka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pazipangizo zamakono zolembera, monga CDC. Ichi si chiyeso chomwe chingakhoze kuthamanga ku chipatala kapena kuchipatala. Kuwonjezera apo, kuyezetsa magazi ndi machitidwe oyambirira a labwino amachititsa kuti tizilombo tiwoneke ngati kuti ndi chilango. Mayesero a Lababu amasonyeza ma platelet otsika ndi chiwerengero choyera cha maselo oyera, monga mu Dengue.
Palibe katemera panobe. Komabe, palibenso katemera, mofanana ndi ntchito ya katemera wa Zika .
Mayaro ndi Alphavirus, yomwe imapezeka m'banja la Togaviridae. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Chikungunya ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Palinso mitundu ina yambiri yomwe imalimbikitsa anthu, zinyama (kuphatikizapo akavalo), ndi mitundu yonse ya zinyama, monga mbalame zambiri.
Kutuluka kwa mavairasi
Chigawo chachikulu cha izi ndiko kulumikizana kwa mayiko.
Kuyenda, kumadera ndi kumayiko ena, kumatulutsa ziphuphu kuchokera kumene zimapezeka tsopano komwe sizinaonekepo kale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kachilombo kawirikawiri koma kosasokonezeka kokha, ikaperekedwa kwinakwake, yodwala aliyense mwakamodzi.
Pambuyo pake, anthu ambiri amatha kutenga kachilomboka pamene anali ana (chifukwa zinali zofala, zinali zovuta kuti munthu akhale wamkulu popanda kuchipeza). Komabe, kamodzi kachilombo kamatulutsidwa kwina kwinakwake katsopano, chikhoza kufalikira mwadzidzidzi kwa anthu onse mwakamodzi monga palibe amene adayambira kale. Kumalo atsopano, palibe chitetezo cha ng'ombe ; Palibe yemwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi ndipo aliyense amatha kuchitapo kanthu mwakamodzi , osati ana ochepa okha omwe akudwala nthawi imodzi.
Koma pali zambiri osati kungokhala kudalirana ndi kuyenda. Matenda akhala akufalikira tsopano pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- Ndi nyengo zotentha zothandizira kufalitsa udzudzu, Kusintha kwa nyengo kungathandizenso kufalikira kwa matenda.
- Anthu ambiri okhala m'midzi yodzaza ndi midzi imatanthauzanso kuti kumudzi kwa mizinda kumalimbikitsa kufalitsa kwa mavairasi atsopano.
- Ntchito yambiri m'madera akumidzi-monga migodi, ulimi, kapena malo okhala-ingathenso kuyambitsa mavairasi atsopano ochokera m'nkhalango kupita ku mizinda.
- Ulimi, makamaka kayendetsedwe ka ziweto kapena kutuluka kwadzidzidzi kwa nsikidzi, ingathandizenso kufalitsa matenda.
- Malo amathanzi angathandizenso matenda ena ngati zisamayende bwino.
Kulimbana ndi mavairasi
Pamene tizirombo timayenda, timaphunzira zambiri za iwo.
Zomwe zingawoneke ngati matenda ochepa m'malo amodzi zimapezeka kuti zimakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri kwinakwake. Nthawi zina izi zimangokhala chifukwa kuyang'anitsitsa ndi zaumoyo ndi zosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Koma ndi chifukwa chakuti matendawa amakhudza anthu ena mosiyana.
Matenda omwe amapezeka komanso omwe amakhudza ana akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri ngati akuwopsyeza onse mwakamodzi. Matenda ena ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi ana kusiyana ndi akulu, makamaka amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso ana omwe amabadwa. Izi zingachititse zotsatira zosaoneka ngati kale, monga microcephaly , pozindikira. Zika sali yekha pa izi. Chinthu chomwecho chikanati chichitike ngati nkhuku zatchulidwa posachedwa ndipo m'malo momangotenga ana, komanso amayi omwe ali ndi HIV omwe ali ndi ana omwe anali ndi microcephaly kapena mavuto ena. Matenda omwe timawadziwa kumalo amodzi sangakhale ofanana kwinakwake, koma pamene tiphunzira zambiri za iwo, tikhoza kuwathandiza.
> Zotsatira:
> Mayaro Virus mu Mwana ali ndi Acute Febrile Matenda. Haiti. 2015.
Matenda a Mayaro: Matenda a Madzi Otuluka M'madzi Otentha Kumwera kwa America.
> Kanya C, et al. Kujambula kwa Mayaro kachirombo ka Aeros aegypti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Oct 1; 85 (4): 750-757.
> Mayaro Virus: Watsopano Wodwala Matenda a Anthu: II. Kusungulumwa ku Magazi a Odwala ku Trinidad.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1957.6.1012#html_fulltext
> Mourão M, et al. Mayaro Fever mu Mzinda wa Manaus. Brazil. 2007-2008. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Jan; 12 (1) 42-46.