Njira Zoyamba Zomvetsetsa Matenda
Ebola ndi matenda omwe amabwera ku West Africa (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea).
Ebola ayenera kuganiza kuti ndi omwe angakhale nawo pafupi ndi odwala Ebola kapena matupi awo. Komabe, payenera kukhala chikayikiro kwa wina aliyense yemwe ali ndi malungo kapena zizindikiro monga chimfine, kupweteka kwa mutu, kutopa, ngakhale kuthamanga) atayenda mu masabata atatu apita kuchokera kumadera omwe ali ndi HIV yofalitsa.
Mwamwayi, Ebola nthawi zambiri sichitha kufalitsa.
Komabe, opulumuka ku matendawa akhoza kubwezeretsanso Ebola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu abwerere kwa abwenzi awo pa nthawi yogonana. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuyambiranso kuyang'ana m'maso, kumayambiriro kwa ubongo, komanso poyambitsa mimba, koma izi sizingayambitse kutumiza.
Mu 2014 ndi 2015, kuphulika kunayamba ku Guinea, Sierra Leone, ndi Liberia. Kutumizira kunachitikanso pambuyo pa odwala akuyenda ndi matenda ku Nigeria, Mali, US, ndi Spain. Odwala anafikanso ku UK ndi ku Italy. Odwala nawonso anatengedwa kupita kunja kukatumikira ku US, UK, France, Spain, ndi Germany. Munthu woyamba amene anapezeka kunja kwa Africa anawombera ku Liberia ndikupita ku Dallas, Texas komwe anamwalira. Odwala atatu adatengedwa kunja kwa West Africa pamene akusamalira odwala - anamwino ku Dallas, Texas ndi Madrid, Spain.
Nzika za US tsopano mpaka pano zimadziwika kuti zatengedwa.
Kodi zimafalikira motani?
Ebola ndiwopseza malungo , makamaka filovirus, yomwe imafalitsidwa kudzera mwachindunji ndi munthu (kapena thupi lawo) amene akudwala Ebola. Madzi a thupi awa amaphatikizapo mkodzo, matope, nyansi, masanzi, ndi nyemba.
Izi zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mu ndodo ya singano. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pakusamba wodwala wodwala.
Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo ndi omwe amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, madzi amadzimadzi awo, kapena mabala - monga mwa maliro kapena kusamalira. Kuika maliro komanso kusamalira anthu odwala kungayambitse matenda. Mazipatala omwe ali ndi vuto loletsa matendawa amatha kuona madesi, madokotala, ndi ena odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kutumiza kungathe kupezeka kuchipatala popanda magolovesi okwanira, kuyang'ana masks, mapiritsi, ndi zipangizo zina zothandizira matenda kuti atetezeke.
Pambuyo pa wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro za Ebola, sangathe kulandira matendawa. Sizituluka m'mlengalenga. Silikufalikira m'madzi kapena chakudya.
Chimachitika ndi chiyani kwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka?
Zizindikiro zingakhalepo kuyambira masiku awiri mpaka 21, kawirikawiri masiku 8-10. Zizindikiro kawirikawiri zimayambira ndi chiwombankhanga mwadzidzidzi pamodzi ndi minofu ndi mutu. Pangakhale phokoso, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, chifuwa, ndi khosi. Pamene matendawa akupita, ena amakhala otupa kwambiri kapena okondwa. Patsiku lachisanu, amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zowononga magazi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi kumagazi kapena kutuluka magazi kapena kuvulaza pa malo a jekeseni la singano. Mtundu ukhoza kukula komanso ambiri amalephera kulemera.
Pakatha milungu iwiri, omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amatha kusintha mofulumira kapena kuchepa mofulumira.
Mpata wa imfa umadalira zomwe Ebola subtype ikukhudzidwa. Ebola Zaire mayesero angapangitse anthu 90, ngakhale kuti imfa yachepa, pafupifupi 60%, kumadzulo kwa Africa kumene gawoli likufalikira. Tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa matenda a Bundibugyo, Sudan ndi Taï Forest (omwe kale anali a Côte d'Ivoire). The Reston zobisika sagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a anthu ndipo poyamba anadziwika mu nyani kutumizidwa kuchokera ku Philippines kupita ku US.
Kodi mumayesa bwanji Ebola?
Kuyezetsa Ebola sikuli m'zipatala. Amafuna kuyezetsa mwapadera, monga kuyesa PCR. M'madera a mliri, kuyezetsa mwamsanga kungakhale kupezeka m'madera ena. M'madera opanda Ebola kuphulika, Center for Disease Control (CDC) kapena mabungwe ena a zaumoyo ayenera kukhala nawo mbali.
Kuyeza kwa PCR sikutha kuzindikira Ebola kufikira atayamba chizindikiro, ndipo kawirikawiri masiku osachepera atatu chiyambi chiyamba. Simungakhoze kuyesa mutatha kuwonetsa nokha.
Kodi pali mankhwala?
Palibe mankhwala ovomerezedwa ndi ovomerezeka. Pakadali pano, chisamaliro chochuluka chithandizira, monga kupatsa madzi ndi zakudya zabwino.
Panalipo chiyembekezo kuti kupereka magazi a seramu kwa omwe adangobweranso kumene kudzawathandiza omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, koma izi sizinatsimikizidwebe koma zothandiza.
Pali chiyembekezo kuti njira zina zidzagwira ntchito. Njira imodzi yakhala yopanga ma antibodies monoclonal, omwe amachititsa kugonana motsutsana ndi Ebola. Chithandizo chimodzi chotere ndi ZMapp, chomwe chimagwirizanitsa ndi ma antibodies atatu omwe amaperekedwa kwa ocheperapo odwala khumi mpaka pano. Njira ina, yomwe ili ndi chidwi, ingakhale yogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za nucleoside analogs. Favipiravir, yemvomerezedwa ndi chiwindi ku Japan, ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino.
Palinso chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha katemera. Palibe pano pakali pano. Sichiyembekezeredwa kuti wina adzakonzedwa bwino ndikuyesedwa kwa chaka chimodzi.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda?
Pofuna kuteteza kufalitsa, ndikofunika kuti asiye odwala ndi kuwapeza omwe akuyenera kuwayang'anitsitsa ndi kuwaika pambali. M'dera la malo ogwiritsira ntchito kuchipatala, nkofunika kuti ogwira ntchito onse avale magalasi, chitetezo cha maso, masikiti a nkhope, zovala kuti zisawonongeke ndi madzi. Ambiri agwira ntchito ndi Ebola kwa zaka zambiri popanda kutenga kachilombo ka HIV. Mliri wam'mbuyomu wam'mbuyomu wathetsedwa ndi kuika kwaokha munthu wina ndikudziwongolera, pamene akupewa kutenga matenda atsopano mwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
Kodi zinachokera kuti?
Ebola yapezeka ku Africa, mpaka 2014. Mliri wa Epidemics wachitika ku Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Gabon, Sudan, Ivory Coast, Uganda, ndi Republic of the Congo, isanafike chaka cha 2014 kupita ku Guinea, Sierra. Leone, Liberia, ndi Nigeria. Mliri wosagwirizana unapezeka ku DRC mu 2014. Mabati amaganiziridwa kukhala malo pakati pa miliri. Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamapitirirabe popanda zizindikiro zowonongeka, ntchentche imatha kunyamula matendawa pakati pa ziphuphu. Zimakhudzanso nsapato zomwe sizinthu zaumunthu, monga ng'ombe ndi abulu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadwala matendawa.