Kulankhulana ndi anthu ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta (zovuta) za autism. Kaya munthu payekha ali wamng'ono kapena wachikulire, mawu kapena osalankhula, mwamuna kapena mkazi, iye adzakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kumvetsetsa ndi kuyankha ku chiyankhulo ndi chikhalidwe.
Kwa anthu pa mapeto oopsa kwambiri, kulankhulana ndi anthu ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oyankhula kapena olembedwa kungakhale kochepa kapena palibe. Kulingalira pamodzi - kuthekera kumvetsera chinthu china ndi munthu wina - kungakhalenso kusokonezedwa. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi luso loyankhulana, nkhani zimakhala zovuta ndi chilankhulidwe cha thupi, kunyoza, zokambirana zazing'ono, maubwenzi amtundu, komanso kumvetsetsa malamulo omwe sanalembedwe pa nthawi ndi momwe angalankhulire pazinthu zina.
Maluso A Kulingalira Pagulu
Ngakhale kulankhulana kwabwino pakati pa anthu onse kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kwa mwana aliyense ali ndi autism, "kuganiza bwino" kumaphunzitsidwa bwino kwa ana omwe amalankhula komanso amatha kulankhula momasuka ndi anzawo ndi anzawo.
Kotero ... kodi kuchepa kwa "kuganiza kwa anthu" kumawoneka bwanji? Taganizirani izi:
Mwana amalowa m'chipinda cham'mawa. Amadutsa mzere wa chakudya chamasana moyenerera, zikomo amayi a chakudya chamasana, amalipira ndalama zake ndikutenga kusintha kwake. Amakhala pansi, amayamba kudya, ndipo amawoneka ngati wabwinobwino mpaka gulu lina la ana likukhala pafupi naye.
Ngakhale kuti sakufuna kumudziwa, akuyamba kulankhula nawo. Ndi kuyankhula. Ndi kuyankhula. Iwo amachoka, koma iye amawasamala - akukambirana pafupipafupi ma stats a baseball. Pomaliza, ana ena amachoka, akuponya maso awo.
Mwana uyu, mwinamwake akudziwika ndi matenda a Asperger - kapena mkulu ogwira ntchito autism - amadziwa bwino "maluso" a anthu. Amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mzere wamasana, zomwe munganene, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndalama.
Amatha kusankha mpando ndikudya chakudya chake chamasana. Koma pankhani ya kuyendetsa ubale wa anthu, iye ali m'nyanja.
Chomwe akusowa, malinga ndi katswiri wa Michelle Garcia Winner, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso chikhalidwe chogwirizana. "Autism ndi kulephera kwa kuphunzira kwa anthu. Mungathe [kuphunzitsidwa] kutulutsa luso, koma sikokwanira," Winner akuti. "Ife ... tikusowa chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe chomwe chimayendera luso."
Kuphunzitsa Zogwirizana ndi Anthu
Kodi mumaphunzitsa bwanji mwana kuti "awerenge" chikhalidwe monga thupi, maso, diso, kapena kuyandikira? Pali zida zingapo zomwe makolo, opatsirana ndi aphunzitsi angagwiritse ntchito kuthandizira.
- Nkhani zachikhalidwe ndi chida chabwino chothandizira ana kuthetsa mavuto ena. Izi ndi nkhani zosavuta kufotokoza zomwe zikuwonetseratu malo atsopano kapena zochitika, ndikufotokozera zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera, momwe mwana ayenera kukhalira, ndi njira zomwe angapezeretsere nkhawa kapena nkhani zina. Ngati mwanayo akudziwa kale zomwe akufuna - ndi choti achite pazochitika zosiyanasiyana - ali patsogolo pa masewerawo.
- Zithunzi zamakono zimakhala zida zothandiza pophunzitsa luso la kulingalira. Ana omwe ali ndi autism amawoneka kuti amaphunzira bwino pamene amaphunzitsidwa mwachindunji, ndipo mavidiyo akhoza kulengedwa makamaka kwa mwana aliyense kapena kugulidwa "kuchoka pa shelefu" pazochitika zodziwika.
- Magulu othandizira anthu, monga Wogonjetsa "Think Social," ndi "Iaugh" amaphatikizapo ziphunzitso zenizeni momwe mungayang'anire maso, mapewa, ndi kayendetsedwe ka anthu kuti adziwe zomwe zikuchitika m'moyo. Izi kawirikawiri zimaphunzitsidwa ku magulu a gulu, kaya kusukulu kapena kwina kulikonse.
- Thandizo lachidule ndi gawo latsopano lomwe likukula. Olemba masewero a kanema amapereka ana mwayi woti ayesetse kugwirizana pakati pa malo otetezeka, othandizira.
- Ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi ku sukulu angathe kukhazikitsa mwayi wa ana omwe ali ndi autism kuti azigwirizana ndi anzawo ndi anzawo, kupereka zothandizira ndi kupereka "zomangamanga" zomangirira pambuyo pochita zovuta.
Maganizo a anthu ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi anthu ochepa - autistic kapena ayi - amamva kuti akudziwa bwino. Pogwira ntchito ndi othandizira ndi zochitika zachilengedwe, pogwiritsira ntchito zida zotsimikiziridwa, ndi kumuthandiza mwana wanu kupeza magulu omuthandiza ndi mphamvu zake ndi zofuna zake, komabe mungathandize mwana wanu kuti azikwanitsa kwambiri kuganiza bwino zochitika.
Zida:
Agogo, Tchalitchi ndi Barron, Sean. Malamulo Osagwirizana Osagwirizana. Tsogolo lamtsogolo: Arlington, TX. C 2005
Kucheza ndi Michelle Garcia Winner, Oktoba 2007.
Wopambana, Michelle G. Ganizani za Anthu! A Social Thinking Curriculum kwa Ophunzira a Mkalasi. Michelle Garcia Winner: California C 2005