Philadosome ya Philadelphia

Chromosome ya Philadelphia ndiyomwe imapezeka m'magazi a maselo oyera a munthu - zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira za khansa ya m'magazi. Kawirikawiri amayamba kunena za "Philadelphia chromosome-chronic leukemia."

Kwenikweni, khansa ya m'magazi ingatchedwe "Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) yambiri ya myeloid leukemia " (CML) kapena "Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) acute lymphoblastic leukemia" (ALL).

Chromosome Yatsitsimutsa

Pakatikati pa selo iliyonse, molekyulu ya DNA imapangidwira m'zinthu zamtundu wotchedwa chromosomes. Chromosome iliyonse imapangidwa ndi DNA mwamphamvu kwambiri-maulendo ambirimbiri okhala ndi mapuloteni otchedwa histones. Pokhapokha selo likugawanika, ma chromosome sichiwonekera mkatikatikati-osati ngakhale pansi pa microscope. Chifukwa chakuti mu selo losagaŵikana, DNA siyinadzaza ndi kutali kwambiri, chifukwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi selo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Komabe, DNA yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma chromosome imakhala yolimba kwambiri panthawi yopatulidwa kwa selo ndipo imawonekera pansi pa microscope monga chromosome.

Chromosome iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni, ndipo malo amitundu yeniyeni yeniyeni angapezeke mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a chromosome. Pamene mitundu yonse ya maselo omwe ali mu selo yaumunthu imamangidwa, pali mitundu iŵiri ya ma chromosomes, omwe ali ndi ma chromosomes 46 mu selo iliyonse.

Ndipotu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi zinyama ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chromosomes. Mwachitsanzo, ntchentche ya zipatso imakhala ndi ma chromosomes awiri, pamene mpunga uli ndi 12 ndi galu, 39.

Philadosome ya Philadelphia

Chromosome ya Philadelphia ili ndi mbiri komanso zochitika, koma kuti zitheke, zikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati chinthu chosaoneka bwino cha chromosome 22 yomwe mbali ya chromosome 9 imasamutsira.

M'mawu ena, chromosome 9 ndi chidutswa cha chromosome 22 zimachoka ndikugulitsa malo. Pamene malondawa amachitika, amachititsa mavuto m'magazi - jini yotchedwa "bcr-abl" imapangidwa pa chromosome 22 kumene chromosome 9 imagwirizanitsa. Chromosome yosinthika 22 imatchedwa chromosome ya Philadelphia .

Maselo a mafupa omwe ali ndi chromosome ya Philadelphia nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu akuluakulu a khansa ya m'magazi ndipo nthaŵi zina amapezeka mu acute lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi . Ngakhale kuti chromosome ya Philadelphia kawirikawiri imaganiziridwa motsutsana ndi CML ndi ALL, ikhoza kubweranso m'madera ena, monga "kusintha kwa Philadelphia," ndi "matenda a myeloproliferative" a Philadelphia chromosome.

Kotero inu mukuwona, chromosome ya Philadelphia ndichinthu chosinthika cha majini chomwe chakhala chizindikiro cha mankhwala, chothandiza kudziwitsa ena khansa ndi kupezeka kwake, ndi khansa zina chifukwa chosapezeka.

Monga mbali ya momwe akuyendera, madokotala amayang'ana kukhalapo kwa chithrosema ya Philadelphia kuti athandize kudziwa ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda enaake a m'magazi.

Chromosome ya Philadelphia imapezeka mumaselo okhudza magazi. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa DNA, chromosome ya Philadelphia imachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe tyrosine kinase.

Kuphatikizana ndi zovuta zina, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa matenda a khansa mosalekeza.

Madokotala adzayang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwachilendo ichi pamene akufufuza zitsanzo kuchokera ku fupa lanu la m'mafupa ndi biopsy kuti athandizidwe bwino.

Kuzindikiritsa chromosome ya Philadelphia m'zaka za m'ma 1960 kunapititsa patsogolo kwakukulu pochiza CML. Izi zinayambitsa maziko a mankhwala a CML otchedwa "tyrosine kinase inhibitors," monga Gleevac (imatinib mesylate) ndi Sprycel (dasatinib).

Posachedwapa, Tasigna (nilotinib) adavomerezedwa kuti athe kuchiza akulu omwe adatengedwa kale ndi Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) CML mu gawo losatha.

Nilotinib amatchedwanso tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

_Zotsatira

_{Goldman, J. ndi Daley, G. (2007). Matenda a Myeloid Akumayambiriro. Mu Melo, J., ndi Goldman, J. (Eds) Matenda a Myeloproliferative (pp.1-13). New York. Springer.}

_{Sherbenou, D. ndi Druker, B. "Kugwiritsa ntchito kutulukira kwa chromosome ya Philadelphia" Journal ya Clinical Investigation August 2007 117: 2067-74.}

_{Adamson PC. Kupititsa patsogolo Zotsatira za Ana Odwala Khansa: Kupititsa patsogolo Zida Zatsopano. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015; 65 (3): 212-220.}

_{Nowell PC. Kupeza kwa chromosome ya Philadelphia: malingaliro ake. Journal of Investigation Clinic. 2007; 117 (8): 2033-2035.}