Pambuyo pa Information Age, mankhwala ochuluka anali ojambula kwambiri monga anali sayansi. Madokotala ankadalira maluso awo owona bwino kuposa momwe amachitira masiku ano. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha zipangizo zamakono zothandizira mankhwala.
Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa thanzi la digito ndi chakuti ofesi ya dokotala sinayambe yayandikira kwambiri kunyumba. Tapatsidwa mphamvu kuti tipeze maudindo ambiri pankhani ya thanzi lathu.
Zipangizo zamakono zothandizira "chidziwitso cha kudzikonda" zimatithandiza kulemba zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaumwini komanso kuyang'ana ntchito zathu zakuthupi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera zolemba za zachipatala kwasintha mwayi wopezeka ku deta yathu, komanso kukulitsa kulondola kwa mbiri yathu yachipatala.
Pakati pa zochitika zokhudzana ndi mitu ya zaumoyo (zamagetsi) ndi zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito digito, pali mafunso ena omwe akufunika kuwongolera pogwiritsira ntchito zamakono zamakono. Ena mwa mafunso ofunika awa ndi awa:
- Kodi palinso nkhawa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zipangizo komanso mapulogalamu odula?
- Kodi zotsatira za kugawana deta zaumoyo mochuluka bwanji?
- Kodi magulu ena ogwiritsa ntchito angathe kukhala osatetezeka (kuposa ena) atakhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha thanzi limene sakudziwa?
Digital Health Internet Trends
Malinga ndi lipoti lolembedwa ndi Mary Meeker wa Kleiner Perkins, 25 peresenti ya anthu a ku America tsopano ali ndi chovala chovala.
Izi zikuyimira kuwonjezeka kwa 12 peresenti kuchokera mu 2016. Pakati pa Zaka Chikwi, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotayika kumafala kwambiri pa 40 peresenti. Zida zotchuka kwambiri ndi accelerometers-liwiro limayesedwa ndi 86 peresenti ya zovala zapamanja zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito lerolino-zotsatiridwa ndi zipangizo zamakono za mtima (33 peresenti).
Accelerometers amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masensa ena, monga kugona tulo ndi pedometers.
Mapulogalamu a zamagulu apamtunda akhala akuchulukanso. Ambiri a ife tikutsatira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimalonjeza kuti tidzakhalanso ndi thanzi labwino, kuphatikizapo thanzi labwino, zakudya, ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Ogulitsa ambiri (88 peresenti) amagwiritsa ntchito chida chimodzi chogwiritsira ntchito digito, ndipo mmodzi pa khumi akhoza kulingalira ngati ogwiritsa ntchito wapamwamba, pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zisanu zogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti sitikungofuna kusonkhanitsa deta yathu yachangu, komabe timayanjananso-mwaufulu kapena mosasamala.
Njira yowonjezera ya chidziwitso cha umoyo wathanzi ingathekenso ku ofesi ya dokotala. Chiwerengero cha madokotala omwe amagwira ntchito paofesi pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a zaumoyo (EHR) adalumpha kuchoka pa 21 peresenti mu 2004 kufika pa 87 peresenti mu 2015. Kuchuluka kwa deta yathu kukuwonjezeka mu mawonekedwe a digito, kuphatikizapo zotsatira zachipatala komanso zithunzi za thupi komanso mbiri yathu yachipatala.
Magulu ochipatala omwe akupita patsogolo akupatsa odwala mphamvu kuti akhale mbali yowonjezera. Kamodzi kawirikawiri kuchipatala, zipatala tsopano zimathandiza makasitomala kuti aziwunika mauthenga awo a zaumoyo pa intaneti (95 peresenti) kapena kukopera deta yawo (87 peresenti) kuti ayang'ane kunja.
Zaka zochepa chabe zapitazo deta yaumoyo nthawi zambiri imatengedwa kuchokera kwa odwala, koma kupezeka kwa deta tsopano kumaonedwa kuti wodwala akulondola.
Kupeza mosavuta deta sikokha komwe kumapangitsa kuti phinduli likhale lothandiza. Mu lipoti lake, Meeker amapereka ziwerengero zosonyeza kuti chipatala cha 500-bedi omwe ali ndi antchito 8,000 amasonkhanitsa deta 50 ya gababytes (50 miliyoni gigabytes) pachaka. Kusamalira deta yochuluka kwambiriyi, ndi kuigwiritsa ntchito ndi kutanthauzira, ndizovuta.
Kufunika kwa Chidziwitso cha Ogwiritsira Ntchito Smart
Kugwiritsira ntchito mapepala osiyanasiyana a thanzi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zamakono zingakhale zopindulitsa. Komabe, tikamagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi intaneti za zinthu kuti zisonyeze thanzi lathu, timatha kukhala ndi ma dataset omwe amapezeka ndi ogulitsa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupita patsogolo pa umoyo kumatanthauzanso kuti anthu ena ndi mabungwe angathe kudziwa zambiri zokhudza deta yathu komanso momwe timakhudzira thanzi lathu.
Chinthu china chodetsa nkhaŵa pazithunzithunzi zimenezi ndi khalidwe la chidziwitso chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino lomwe likugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimatanthawuza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu. Gululi nthawi zambiri limalongosola zofuna zawo monga kusakaniza chidwi pa thanzi komanso njira yowonetsera njira zothandizira. Komabe, anthu omwe ali m'gulu lino samakhala ndi chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito bwino ngati sakugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dokotala ndipo sanagwiritsidwe bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zipangizozi.
Erik Grönvall wa IT University ya Copenhagen ndi Nervo Verdezoto ya yunivesite ya Aarhus ku Denmark akunena kuti ngakhale kuti ogwiritsa ntchito angathe kudziyesa okha, izi sizowona ngati zipangizo zamagetsi sizigwiritsidwe bwino. Phunziroli linawatsatira anthu omwe amadziyesa okha kuthamanga kwa magazi kwawo. Kuti mupeze njira yodalirika ya sayansi ya zamankhwala, malangizo ena nthawi zambiri amafunika kutsatiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, "khalani ndi mpumulo kwa mphindi zisanu musanayese muyeso." Nthawi zina, ogwiritsa ntchito osagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo sangadziwe zotsatira za kufotokoza mwadzidzidzi zotsatira zolakwika.
Grönvall ndi Verdezeto akudziwanso kuti ophunzira awo akudziwika kuti sakufuna alendo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chithandizo chawo. Kwa ambiri a iwo, kuwonetsa machitidwe azaumoyo ndi zotsatira sizinali zoyenera kupatula ngati zikugwirizana ndi dokotala wawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwerenga kwina kwa digito kumafunikira pamene mukusonkhanitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya thanzi lanu. Anthu ambiri sangadziwe pamene akugawana deta yawo ndi / kapena zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Chilimbikitso cha kudzifufuza ndikudziwitseni
Pulofesa Deborah Lupton, amene amagwira ntchito pa yunivesite ya Canberra ya News & Media Research Center, amasiyanitsa pakati pa njira zosiyana siyana: kudziimira, kudziwika, kukakamizidwa, kuikidwa ndi kuponderezedwa.
Anthu amodzi amayesetsa "kudzifufuza okha payekha" kuti adziŵe bwino. Amasonkhanitsa deta mu malo a "n = 1", choncho deta ndi yokwanira kwa munthu aliyense ndipo amakhala osasamala. Kufufuzira payekha kungaphatikizidwe ndi "kufufuza kwanuko" kumene deta yawo imadziwika, kenako amayerekeza ndi kugawana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja ndi zosangalatsa. Kusinthana kwa mtundu wotereku kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nzika zasayansi, chiwongolero cha anthu, ndi chitukuko cha midzi.
Kenaka, Lupton akunena za "kukakamiza kudziyendetsa" komwe njira zambiri zimachokera ku bungwe lina ndi kulimbikitsidwa kunja kumaperekedwe ndikugawana zambiri. Tikhoza kuyang'ana njira iyi ndi makampani ena a inshuwalansi omwe amalimbikitsa makasitomala ngati avomereza kugawa deta zawo.
"Kudziyesa yekha" ndi njira ina yomwe imapindulitsa maphwando ena kuposa wogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, antchito angathe kufunika kuvala masensa omwe amayang'anira khalidwe lawo ndi thanzi lawo. Pomalizira pake, Lupton akunena za "kugwiritsira ntchito podziteteza" komwe deta yathu (yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa mwa njira zili pamwambazi) ikubwezeretsedwanso chifukwa cha malonda. Deta imapangidwira ndipo imakhala yogwirizana ndi mtengo wamalonda.
Pali umboni wakuti mabungwe omwe akuwonjezeka, mabungwe ogulitsa ndi mabungwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukolola deta yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kudzera mu mitundu yambiri ya masensa ndi zovala. Lupton akutsutsa kuti nkhaniyi imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri pamene anthu akukakamizidwa kapena kusokonezeka kuti agawane deta yawo.
Kodi Ufulu Wathu Ndi Wotani?
Ngakhale pamene deta yasonkhanitsidwa mosadziwika kapena mwadongosolo, wopereka angathe kugulitsa kapena kugawana nawo ndi maphwando ena. Choncho, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndondomeko yachinsinsi ya kampaniyo musanagwiritse ntchito chida chilichonse chomwe chingathe kusonkhanitsa deta yanu. Pogwiritsa ntchito batani la "Ndikuvomereza" pa mapulogalamu omwe amapanga zipangizozi zimakupangitsani kukhala chitsimikizo cha deta. Choipa kwambiri, mapulogalamuwa sangakulole kuti mugwiritse ntchito komanso / kapena kuteteza deta yanu momwe mudalifunira.
"Uwini" pazomwe mudasinthira ndi nkhani yokangana. Njira yathu ya deta yamakono imapezeka kwambiri, koma nthawizina mwayi umenewo umatsutsidwa kwa yemwe akuulenga. Kawirikawiri, sikovuta kukopera kapena kutumiza deta ya wina. Ma seva a mitambo nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa ndi makampani omwe ali ndi malingaliro ovomerezeka pamasitomala omwe amasonkhanitsa. Chidwi chawo pa Big Data n'chosiyana ndi cha anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino. Ngakhale ogulitsa ambiri akungofuna kudziwa zochepa zaumoyo wawo, mabungwe ndi maboma akufunitsitsa kupeza nzeru zazikulu pogwiritsa ntchito deta yathu yaumoyo ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu onse.
Neil Richards ndi Woodrow Hartzog, aphunzitsi apamwamba a mbiri, amanena kuti pankhani ya Big Data ndi pa Intaneti , anthu ambiri ndi amphamvu kuposa maboma ndi makampani. Mwachidule, zingakhale zovuta kuti titeteze miyoyo yathu yadijito kuchokera pakuwunika. Ubale wosalinganikawu ukutchulidwa ngati mtundu wina wa "digito yagawikana." Kusintha kwa thanzi la digito, kufalikira kwa deta yaumoyo yopezeka, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa teknoloji yaumoyo kumatanthawuza kuonetsetsa kuti ogulitsa kuwerenga ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Simunamvetsetse Mau Anu
Kukwanira ndi kupezeka kwa deta yaumoyo kungathe kulemetsa ena ogwiritsa ntchito. Anthu amene amadwala nkhaŵa amatha kumvetsetsa deta yawo yathanzi, makamaka pamene amalandira zidziwitso zomwe zingamveke zoopsa. Ryen White, Ph.D., ndi Eric Horvitz, Ph.D., anaphunzira kafukufuku wa cyberchondria, omwe masiku ano amachititsa hypochondria-yomwe inasonyeza kuti intaneti ingawonongeke. Kwa pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu, intaneti imachepetsa nkhawa. Komabe, 40 peresenti ya iwo amene amayenda pa intaneti kuti amvetse mavuto awo azaumoyo amakhala akudandaula kwambiri kafukufuku wawo.
Pamene zovuta zambiri zopezeka pa data zimapezeka mosavuta mu mawonekedwe kunja kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, anthu ovutika maganizo akhoza kukhala ndi luso lofufuza nthawi zonse deta yawo. Kufufuza kwa Dutch komwe kunatsogoleredwa ndi pulofesa wothandizira Martin Tanis ananena kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa nkhaŵa za thanzi ndi zofuna zaumoyo pa intaneti. Choncho, tingatsutsane kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi deta zawo, makamaka ngati sakudziwa tanthauzo lake.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa pamapeto ena a masewerawa ndikuti zakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti ena ogwiritsa ntchito akuyamba mwina kudalira zipangizo zawo zowatsata kwambiri. Ambiri a ife timakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha chilakolako chathu chokhumba ndi kulemera kwathu. Muzochitika zachikhalidwe, izi zamoyo ziyenera kutisunga. Komabe, masiku ano, ena amakonda kuwona mapulogalamu awo a zakudya asanadye chakudya. Ngakhale kuti deta ndi mauthenga pa mapulogalamu ambiri azaumoyo ndi ofunikira komanso olondola, pali zambiri zambiri zomwe sizolondola. Ngati pulogalamu yanu yodyera ikudalira kuti chakudya chanu cha caloric ndikudya komanso ntchito yanu ikuwongolera kutentha kwa caloriki, ndiko njira yowonjezera kulemera. Potsirizira pake, muzochitikazi, ndikumapeto kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa momwe mulili molondola kuchokera pa pulogalamu iliyonse kapena chipangizo.
> Zotsatira:
> Lupton D. Njira zodzifunira zokhazokha: kuziganizira mozama ndikudziwunika. 2014.
> Poel F, Baumgartner S, Hartmann T, Tanis M. Nkhani yodziwika bwino ya cyberchondria: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali pa mgwirizano wathanzi pakati pa umoyo wathanzi ndi mauthenga a zaumoyo pa intaneti. Journal of Distress Distress , 2016: 32-40.
> Richards N, Hartzog W. Chinsinsi chachinsinsi cha kukhulupilira: ndemanga. Yale Law Journal, 2017; (4): 1180-1224.
> Verdezoto N, Grönvall E. Pazifukwa zothandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi kudziyendetsa pakhomo. Kuzindikira, Technology & Ntchito , 2016; 18 (2): 267
> White R, Horvitz E. Cyberchondria akuphunzira za kuchuluka kwa mavuto a zachipatala pa kafukufuku wa intaneti. Kuchita kwa ACM ku Zipangizo Zamakono , 2009; (4): 23.