Mvula yoipa komanso mapulaneti ambiri amatha kupanga mphepo yamkuntho
Ku Melbourne, Australia, pa November 21, 2016, kunali mvula yamkuntho. Mphepo, mvula yamkuntho, ndi mungu wamtengo wapatali amaika anthu oposa 8,500 kuchipatala ndi matenda aakulu a mphumu. Anthu asanu ndi atatu anafa.
Ambiri mwa anthuwa omwe adakumana ndi zigawenga zakupha sanadziwe mbiri ya mphumu ndipo adali ndi matenda okhaokha. Kodi chinachitika n'chiyani kwenikweni?
Tanthauzo la Phumu
Chifuwa cha mphumu chimakhudza anthu mamiliyoni 300 kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu chikuwonjezeka, chikhalidwe chomwe chagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugawidwa kwa mizinda. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu komanso ndalama zapamwamba zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi matendawa zachititsa kuti kufufuza kwina kufufuza njira ndi chithandizo chake.
Malinga ndi CDC, pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anthu 12 a ku America (anthu 25 miliyoni) ali ndi mphumu. Mu 2008, pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu a ku America omwe ali ndi mphumu anali ndi chifuwa cha mphumu-zambiri zomwe zikanalepheretsedwa. Komanso, mu 2007, mphumu ya mphumu inatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 56 biliyoni ku America mu ndalama zamankhwala, malipiro otayika, ndi kutaya masiku a sukulu.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro kuyambira ali mwana. Pafupifupi anyamata ambiri amakhala ndi mphumu. Mwachikulire, komabe mphumu ndi yofala pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Zizindikiro za mphumu zikuphatikizapo kupuma, kupuma, kukhwima, ndi chifuwa.
Mafupa ndi matenda ovuta omwe amapezeka ndi awa:
- chivundikiro cha mpweya
- mtundu wapadera wa kutupa kwa airways
- bronchospasm, kapena spasm ya minofu yosalala m'makoma a nthambi zing'onozing'ono za panjira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachititsa kuti chitukuko chikhale chitukuko.
Mankhwalawa ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi matenda opatsirana kuphatikizapo mphumu komanso matenda oopsa a rhinitis ndi atopic dermatitis. Zindikirani, vuto lopwetekedwa ndi rhinitis limatchedwanso fever ndi dermatitis ya atopic ndi eczema . Anthu omwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke ku zowonongeka zomwe zimapezeka m'deralo, monga mungu, nkhungu, ndi zakudya zina.
Zowonjezera zina zingayambitse kutentha kwapansi ndi kupweteka kwa mphumu. Zotsatirazi ndi izi:
- zowonongeka (mwachitsanzo, mungu)
- Matenda a mavairasi (mwachitsanzo, rhinovirus)
- zolimbitsa thupi
- mpweya wozizira
- kuseka
- kusintha kwa nyengo
- mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, β-blockers)
- kuwonetsa ntchito
- GERD
- zakudya
Dokotala akhoza kupeza matenda a asthma pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri yachipatala, zofufuza za thupi, ndi spirometry. Spirometry ndiyeso lachidziwitso yomwe imachitika mu ofesi, yomwe imayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene mumapanga, kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene mumapanga, ndi nthawi yomwe mumatenga kuti muchoke.
Nthendayi imakhala yochiritsidwa ndi dokotala wamkulu wa chisamaliro. Kuchiza kwa asthma kumagwirizana ndi zosowa za munthu ndipo zimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo zifukwa, kufotokoza, mbiri, ndi kuyankha kwa mankhwala.
Nazi zolinga za mankhwala a mphumu:
- kupewa kapena kuchepetsa masewera a mphumu
- zizindikiro zolamulira
- kuthetsa maulendo obwera ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa
- sungani ntchito zachizolowezi za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
- kuchepetsa kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi ya usiku (mphumu ya usiku)
- sungani zolimbitsa thupi
- Sungani mapapu abwino
- kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa za mankhwala
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu amatenga mankhwala kudzera mu inhaler. Kuphatikizidwa kwa corticosteroids kumaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali kulamulira mphumu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala komanso kosakanikirana ndi agabististi omwe akhala akutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kungathandizenso. Kuphatikiza ma β2-agonists ochepa omwe ali ngati albuterol akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira.
Pambuyo poyezetsa magazi, oral corticosteroids, mankhwala a albuterol nebulizer, ndi zina zotero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a mphumu.
Chidziwitso cha mankhwala chimadalira kuuma. Kuwopsya kwa moyo kumabweretsa chipatala ku ICU.
Mvula yamkuntho monga mfuti ya mphumu
Ngakhale kuti mliri wa astromma wa Melbourne mu November 2016 unali woipitsitsa kwambiri, mabingu anachititsa mliri wofanana nawo m'midzi yambiri padziko lapansi kuphatikizapo Naples ndi London. Zindikirani, chifukwa Australia ili kumbali ya Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi ndi ku Australia komwe kuli nyengo yozizira, nyengo imatha pakati pa September ndi November.
Nthaŵi yomwe pali mungu wambiri mumlengalenga, monga masika, mvula yamkuntho imatha kunyamula mungu uwu pansi. Ku United States, nyengo yeniyeni yosiyana siyana imakhala yosiyana ndi dera, koma ikhoza kuyamba mwezi wa February ndikufalikira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Komanso, nyengo yozizira yozizira ingayambitse zomera kuyambitsa mungu, ndipo mvula yamkuntho kawirikawiri ingayambitse kukula mofulumira kwa zomera ndi kuwonjezeka kwa nkhungu.
Kawirikawiri, mungu sumafika m'munsi mwa mapiko a m'mapapo. Komabe panthawi ya mvula yamkuntho, mungu umatulutsa madzi ndi kuphulika ndi njira yotchedwa osmosis. Mitengo iyi imakhala yowonongeka ndipo imayambira m'mapapo a m'munsi. Kwa anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi mungu, kuwonetsetsa kumeneku kungayambitse matenda a mphumu ndipo nthawi zina amafa.
Mphindi 20 kapena 30 yokha ya kasupe yamkuntho ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ophera mungu ndipo angayambitse matenda a mphumu ngakhale omwe sanakhale nawo kale ndipo ali ndi fever. Kuphatikiza pa mvula ndi mphepo yamkuntho, zifukwa zina monga mphezi (magetsi mumlengalenga) ndi kuzizira zingathandizenso mkuntho wa asthma wokhudzana ndi mkuntho. Mwachindunji, milandu yamagetsi ingayambitse kuperekera kwa mungu particles.
Akatswiri ena amakhudzidwa kuti mkuntho ukhoza kukhala vuto la thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha fever ndipo ali ndi kapena alibe mphumu. Mitengo ya mungu ikukula, ndipo kusintha kwa nyengo kukuchititsa mvula yamkuntho ndi zochitika zina zamvula zowonjezereka.
Pambuyo pofufuza zambiri, akatswiri angathe kukhazikitsa machitidwe ochenjeza oyambirira kuti azindikire omwe ali ndi chifuwa chokwanira za kuthekera kwa mphumu yokhudzana ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Akatswiri ofufuza a ku yunivesite ya Georgia akufufuza njirayi.
M'nkhani ina yotchedwa "Mvula Yamkuntho Yophatikizapo Zachirombo," D'Amato ndi olemba anzawo analemba kuti:
Uthenga wopita kunyumba ndi wakuti odwala omwe amavutika ndi mtundu wa mungu ayenera kukhala tcheru kuopsa kokhala panja pa nthawi yamkuntho mu nyengo ya mungu. Chenjezo liyenera kuperekedwa pa nyengo ya mungu kwa odwala ozindikira.
Makamaka, zikhoza kukhala zabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chifuwa cha poizoni kuti azikhala m'nyumba ndi kutsegula mawindo pa nthawi yamvula yamkuntho yomwe imachitika m'nyengo ya mungu.
> Zotsatira:
> Phumu. Buku Lophunzitsira Banja. http://www.fpnotebook.com
> Kuthamanga kwa mphumu. Buku Lophunzitsira Banja. http://www.fpnotebook.com.
> Barnes PJ. Phumu. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Internal Medicine, 19e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> D'Amato, G, et al. Mipikisano yokhudzana ndi mphumu yokhudzana ndi mphepo yamkuntho. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2017.
> Usmani OS, Barnes PJ. Phumu: Mafotokozedwe Otsogolera ndi Otsogolera. Mu: Grippi MA, Elias JA, Fishman JA, Kotloff RM, Pakiti AI, Senior RM, Siegel MD. eds. Matenda ndi Matenda a Fishman's, Zolemba zachisanu New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.