Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017, American College of Cardiology (ACC) ndi American Heart Association (AHA), pogwirizana ndi madokotala ena odziwika bwino azachipatala, adatulutsa njira zatsopano zowonjezera matenda .
Malangizo atsopano awa adatha nthawi yaitali. Asanayambe kumasulidwa, madokotala anali kuyesa kugwira ntchito kuchokera ku zigawo zinayi zosiyana, kuchokera ku mabungwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amasiyana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake m'njira zofunika.
Ndondomeko ya 2017 imalonjeza kupeza pafupifupi ntchito yonse yachipatala kumbuyo komweko pokhudzana ndi matenda oopsa.
Zotsatira za 2017 zimasiyana m'njira zingapo zofunikira kuchokera ku ndondomeko zam'mbuyomu zamatenda, komanso madokotala ndi anthu omwe akuyesedwa kapena omwe amachiza matenda oopsa kwambiri ayenera kudziwa zotsatila zatsopanozi.
Kodi Chatsopano mu 2017 Malangizo?
Mfundo zatsopano za ndondomeko za 2017 zikugwera m'magulu asanu:
- Ndondomeko yatsopano ya matenda oopsa
- Malingaliro atsopano owona kuti ali ndi matenda oopsa
- Kuika chiopsezo chachikulu cha mtima m'maganizo popanga chisankho
- Kulimbikitsanso kwambiri moyo umasintha pochiza matenda
- Pewani kukakamizidwa kwa magazi pafupipafupi
Ndondomeko Yatsopano Yopangidwira
Zisanayambe ndondomeko ya 2017, anthu omwe anali ndi matenda a magazi a 120-139 mmHg ankaganiziridwa kuti anali ndi "kuthamanga kwa magazi", omwe anali ndi 140-159 mmHg ankaganiziridwa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha Stage 1, komanso omwe anali ndi masentimita 160 mmHg kapena pamwambapa ankaganiziridwa kuti ali ndi Gawo lachiwopsezo chachiŵiri.
Gawo lachigawo cha 2010, lozikidwa pa zotsatira za mayesero apangidwe aposachedwapa, amachepetsanso malo a Gawo 1 ndi Gawo lachiwopsezo cha 2, motere:
- Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi tsopano kumatanthawuza kuti systolic magazi a 120-129 mmHg ndi diastolic ya magazi osachepera 80 mmHg.
- Gawo 1 lakuthamanga kwa magazi limatanthawuza kuti systolic magazi a 130-139 mmHg kapena kuthamanga kwa diastolic ya 80-89 mmHg.
- Gawo lachiwopsezo lachiwiri limatanthauzidwa ngati systolic blood pressure ya 140 mm Hg kapena kuposa OR odwala diastolic of 90 mmHg kapena apamwamba.
Ndipotu, ndondomeko ya 2017 inagawanitsa gulu lakale la "hypertension" m'magulu awiri. Theka laling'ono likugwiritsidwanso kuti ndiloperewera kwa magazi, koma theka lakumwamba (kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa 130-139) tsopano limatengedwa ngati Stage 1 hypertension. Kusintha kumeneku kunapangidwa chifukwa deta kuchokera ku mayesero a zamakono tsopano akuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe mavuto awo a magazi ali m'masamba 130-139 ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mtima wa mtima, ndipo mavuto awo a m'magazi ayenera kukambidwa.
Malangizo atsopano Othandizira Kupeza Matenda Oopsa
Malangizo a 2017 amachititsa ululu kuti afotokoze kuti momwe magazi amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri m'maofesi a madokotala, ndipo momwe matenda a hypertension akhala akudziwira, akhala akusowa ndi mavuto.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa anthu kumakhala kosavuta patsiku lachizoloŵezi, malingana ndi momwe munthu amachitira ntchito, nkhawa, kuthamanga, malo, ndi zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zingasinthe kuyambira miniti mpaka miniti. Choncho, kuti muyesetse molondola kuthamanga kwa magazi, nkofunika kuti muchite zimenezi pansi pa zinthu zowonongeka.
Pano pali momwe ndondomeko zatsopano zikufotokozera njira yoyenera yowonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi:
- Wodwalayo ayenera kukhala womasuka, atakhala pa mpando (ali ndi mapazi pansi ndi kumbuyo kumathandizidwa) kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri.
- Wodwala ayenera kupeŵa caffeine, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kusuta kwa mphindi 30 asanayambe kuyeza.
- Wodwala ayenera kukhala ndi chikhodzodzo chopanda kanthu.
- Wodwalayo kapena munthu amene amatenga magazi ayenera kulankhula pa nthawi yonse, kapena muyeso.
- Zovala zonse zogwiritsa ntchito kampu ya magazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa. (Osatenga magazi pamtanda.)
- Makamaka, kuthamanga kwa magazi sikuyenera kuyesedwa pamene wodwala atakhala kapena akugona pa tebulo lofufuzira.
- Zifuniko ziwiri kapena zitatu ziyenera kutengedwa, nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu zosiyana, ndipo kawerengedwe kawerengedwe kameneka kagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti apeze matenda oopsa.
Aliyense amene wapita ku ofesi ya madokotala m'zaka zaposachedwapa adzazindikira kuti malangizo awa samatsatira kawirikawiri. Komabe, amafunika kutsatiridwa kuti kuwerengedwa kwa magazi kukhale kolondola. Izi zakhala zoona nthawi zonse, koma zowona lero ndi njira yowonjezereka yowonjezera matenda okhudzidwa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito malangizo a 2017. Pokhapokha ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayesedwa pansi pa zifukwa za mpumulo wamtendere, wamtendere wotchulidwa muzitsogozo izi, zovuta ndizokuti kujambula kwa magazi kudzakweza.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, malangizo a 2017 amavomereza kuti ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapezeka kuchipatala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonongekazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuyesedwa pa malo oyendetsa galimoto asanayambe kudziwa kuti matendawa alipo.
Kutenga ngozi Yowonjezera Yonse Kulowa Akaunti
Ngakhale anthu omwe sysilic blood pressure ali pakati pa 130-139 mmHg tsopano akusiyidwa kuti ali ndi Gawo 1 lachiwopsezo m'malo mwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ziganizo za 2017 zimalimbikitsa kutenga mtima wawo wonse kukhala wowerengera musanayambe kusankha kapena kusawaika pa mankhwala opatsirana.
Poyesa chiopsezo chachikulu cha mtima wa anthu omwe ali ndi Gawo 1 lachiwopsezo chachikulu, malangizo a 2017 amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito ACC / AHA Pooled Cohort Equations risk calculator. Ofufuzawa amaganiza kuti zaka 10 zimayambitsa matenda a mtima pogwiritsa ntchito msinkhu, mtundu, kugonana, mafuta a shuga, systolic blood pressure, shuga ndi mbiri yosuta fodya, komanso mankhwala aliwonse a cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati chiopsezo cha zaka 10 chokhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero choyikirayi chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba kuposa 10 peresenti, ndiye kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Stage 1 akugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati chiopsezo chawo cha zaka 10 chichepa kuposa 10 peresenti, anthu omwe ali ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba ya matenda 1 ayenera kuchitidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo, monga omwe ali ndi matenda a hypertension.
Anthu omwe ali ndi Gawo lachiwopsezo 2 nthawi zonse amafunika mankhwala opatsirana .
Gogomezani pa kusintha kwa moyo
Kwa aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a hypertension, kapena Gawo 1 kapena Gawo lachiwopsezo cha 2, kusintha kwa moyo kukugogomezedwa ngati mwala wapangodya ndi malangizo a 2017.
Zosinthidwa kusintha moyo zimaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi (osachepera mphindi 30 zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi katatu pa sabata), chakudya cha DASH-style, kuchepetsa zakudya za sodium , kusuta fodya , kulemetsa, ndi kuchepetsa kumwa mowa mopitirira mowa pang'ono pa tsiku amayi, ndi zakumwa ziwiri patsiku kwa amuna.
Zolinga Zam'munsi Zopanikizika ndi Magazi
Ndondomeko ya 2017 imatsindika kuti cholinga cha mankhwala opatsirana magazi chiyenera kukhala chitsimikizo cha mankhwala osachepera 130 mmHg, ndi kupweteka kwa diastolic zosakwana 80 mmHg.
Cholinga ichi n'chochepa kusiyana ndi zolinga zomwe zanenedwa ndi ndondomeko yapitayi, zomwe makamaka zimakakamiza kuti magazi azisakanikirana ndi 140 mm Hg kwa anthu ambiri. Zotsatira zina zapitazo zinalimbikitsa kwambiri odwala okalamba, akulangiza cholinga cha mankhwala a 150 mmHg kapena osachepera.
Mankhwala atsopano ochepa a 130 mmHg kapena ocheperapo, okalamba ndi ena onse, adachokera ku zotsatira za mayesero atsopano, omwe akuwonetseratu zotsatira zowonjezera kwa anthu a mibadwo yonse omwe amachitira zinthu zochepa.
Mawu Ochokera
Zotsatira za matenda a hypertension za 2017 zikuyimira kuphatikiza ndi kusinthidwa kwa magulu angapo a malangizo kuchokera ku magulu angapo a akatswiri, omwe cholinga chake ndi kupeza madokotala omwe amachiza matenda onse okhudzidwa pa tsamba limodzi. Pali kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya 2017 yomwe idzatengereni, podziwa momwe mungapewere ndi njira yothandizira matenda oopsa. Komabe, zimachokera ku umboni wovomerezeka, ndipo ayenera kuvomereza ndi madokotala ambiri.
Ngati muli ndi HIV kapena mukuyesedwa, ndibwino kuti mukambirane ndi dokotala wanu zatsopano, kuti mutsimikizidwe kuti mukuwona bwino, ndipo ndondomeko yanu ya mankhwala ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
> Zotsatira:
> Muntner P, Carey RM, Gidding S, et al. Zotsatira za chiwerengero cha anthu a US ku 2017 American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline. Kuthamanga 2017; DOI: 10.1161 / CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032582.
> Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Zowonetsera Kupewa, Kuzindikira, Kufufuza, ndi Kulamulira Kachiza Kwambiri M'magulu Aakulu: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Msonkhano Wothandizira Amtima Pogwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo Othandizira Pachipatala. Kuthamanga kwa magazi 2017; DOI: 10.1161 / HYP.0000000000000066.
> Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC / AHA / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / AGS / APhA / ASH / ASPC / NMA / PCNA Zowonetsera Kupewa, Kuzindikira, Kufufuza, ndi Kulamulira Kachiza Kwambiri M'magulu Aakulu: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Msonkhano Wothandizira Amtima Pogwiritsa Ntchito Malangizo Othandizira Pachipatala. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; DOI: 10.1016 / j.jacc.2017.11.005.