MMR ndi chiyani?
MMR, yomwe imayimira matumbo / chimfine / rubella, ndi imodzi mwa katemera wambiri wamoyo (nkhuku pox vaccine ndi katemera wa chimfine ndi ena awiri). Zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse miyezi 12 mpaka 15, yomwe ndi nthawi imene autism imayamba kuonekera. Mosiyana ndi katemera wa chimfine ndi katemera wina wazing'ono, ma katemera / chimfine / rubella sakhala ndi thimerosal (yotetezedwa ndi mercury-based based conservative).
Kodi katemera wa MMR anakhala wotani kwambiri?
Chodetsa nkhaŵa pa MMR chinayamba mu 1992 pamene Dr. Andrew Wakefield, panthawiyo, adalandira gastroenterologist ya Britain, anayesa achinyamata khumi ndi awiri komanso popanda autism. Malingana ndi lipoti lochokera pa kafukufukuyo, zomwe anazipezazo zinawonekera kugwirizana kotheka pakati pa kachilombo ka shuga m'matumbo ndi autism. Nthanoyi inali yakuti ana ena ali ndi chibadwa choyambitsa matenda okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi - komanso kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya poizoni imayamba kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mwana pachiyambi, motero kuchititsa maonekedwe a autism.
Ofufuza pa maziko a Texas, omwe amawunikira ku Wakefield, akuti, "Mwanayo amayamba kutaya thupi, kuwonongeka kwa mthupi kumawonjezereka, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakula mochepa, ndipo zotsatira zake zimayambira." Kenaka ana ambiri amakhala ndi zochitika zoopsa. matenda aakulu kapena katemera wamoyo.
Chitetezo cha mthupi chimatopa ndipo mwanayo amatsika mofulumira. Makolo ena amalephera kuwonongeka pang'ono, koma ana ambiri amawoneka kuti akukhala autism pambuyo pazochitika zinazake. Iwo amapita kuchipatala kapena amapeza kuwombera MMR ndipo sakhala ofanana kachiwiri. Autism ndi zotsatira zomaliza za zotsatirazi zomwe zikuchitika. "
Zomveka izi sizinawathandizidwe ndi maphunziro ena aliwonse kuphatikizapo omwe amayesa kuti alephera kubwereza zotsatira zake. Kafukufuku wambiri wotsatiridwa ndi anzawo amasonyeza kuti palibe kugwirizana pakati pa MMR ndi autism. Ndipotu, phunziro lachiyambi la Dr. Wakefield linali loletsedwa. Olemba khumi mwa khumi ndi awiriwo adasiya thandizo lawo kuchokera ku nkhaniyi.
CDC, Institutes of Medicine, ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ofufuzira anafufuza nkhaniyi ndipo adapeza kuti pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa katemera wa MMR ndi autism komanso kuti palibe umboni wodalirika wakuti kugwirizana kunalipo . Komabe, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti ana autistic ali ndi mavuto ochuluka a m'mimba. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti mtundu wina wa mgwirizano pakati pa ma genetic predispositions ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zingathandizire autism. Maphunzirowa, komabe, sanasonyeze mgwirizano wa pakati pa MMR ndi autism - ndipo, panthawiyi, maphunziro ochuluka ochokera ku mayiko ambiri sanapeze chiyanjano chirichonse.
Mu 2010, Wakefield anachotsa ku Houseghtght House, ndipo bungwelo linasintha dzina lake ku The Johnson Center for Child Health and Development. Izi zinachitika posakhalitsa pambuyo pa Wakefield atachotsedwa chilolezo chake chachipatala cha ku UK pofuna kuphwanya malamulo.
Zochitika zonsezi, maphunziro, ndi zidziwitso, komabe, sizinathetse chikhulupiliro chakuti pali kugwirizana pakati pa katemera ndi autism . Ngakhale kuphulika kwa chimanga ku UK ndi US chifukwa choletsa katemera sikusintha maganizo ena. Pakhala pali malingaliro omwe kafukufuku opangidwa ndi mabungwe a boma akhala akulakwitsa kapena umboni umene anthu sanamvepo. Otsutsa ena a MMR amanena kuti ofufuza omwe amagwira ntchito ku NIH ndi CDC amachokera ku makampani akuluakulu a mankhwala - ndipo iwo ndi makampani awo ali ndi ndalama zambiri pangozi.
Kukhulupirira chikhulupiliro cha autism / MMR chalimbikitsidwa ndi zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana - zatsogoleredwa ndi Jenny McCarthy - ndi mabungwe omangidwa pafupi ndi cholowa cha Wakefield.
Ngakhale mabungwe awa adakalipobe, iwo sagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa momwe analiri kumbuyo cha m'ma 2000. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, chifukwa chawo chakhalapo ndi anthu ena ophunzira, ochita bwino komanso magulu omwe amakhulupirira kuti chilengedwe ndi choyera kuti chikhale ndi thanzi lawo komanso ana awo.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri:
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku akupitirizabe ndi ziphunzitso zowonjezera, pang'ono zimamvetsetsa bwino chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa kapena autism. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo zomwe zimapangidwira mafupa kungakhale ndi gawo lalikulu pachitsimikizo cha autism. Umboni wovuta kwambiri wa sayansi, komabe, akutiuza kuti katemera ngati MMR sakuchititsa autism.
Zotsatira:
> Katemera ndi > Autism: A > Chidule cha CDC Yophunzira kapena Zophunzitsidwa.
> Andrew Wakefield, Bambo wa Anti Anti-Vaccine Movement, Akuyankha Mvula Yamakono Yoyamba Kwa Nthawi Yoyamba. Newsweek, February 10, 2015.
> Imelo Kucheza ndi Ofufuza a Thoughtful House, 2009.
> Daily Daily: "Age of > Autism: Pox > Mbali 1-4".
> "Kutetezeka Kwambiri Kwambiri" mu Rolling Stone Magazine, pa June 20, 2005. F. DeStefano Wokhudzana ndi Thiermosal: Amene Ali ndi Katemera: Umboni Wotsutsana ndi Kuzindikira kwa Anthu. Ofufuza Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Jan; 8 (1): 1-4.
> H Honda et al. Palibe zotsatira za MMR Kuchokera pa Zotsatira za Autism: Total Population Study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005 Jun; 46 (6): 572-9.