Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 48 ku United States amalephera kulephera kumva . Mwinamwake kukhala ndi vuto lakumva kumawonjezeka kwambiri pamene mukukalamba. Kutayidwa kwa anthu okalamba kumagwirizananso ndi zizindikiro zazikulu monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi kudzipatula. Zofukufuku zawonetsanso kuti zikhoza kuchepetsa malipiro kwa omwe akugwirabe ntchito.
Kodi pali chinachake chimene mungachite kuti muteteze izi? Mungadabwe kudziwa kuti kuteteza khutu lanu tsopano kungapite patsogolo kuti mumve bwino pakapita nthawi. Wachinyamatayo mukangoyamba kutenga njira zothandizira kutayika kumva bwino, zotsatira zanu zidzakhala-ngakhale kuti simunakalamba kuti muteteze kumva kwanu.
Nyimbo Zokweza
Kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza phokoso lalikulu (ngakhale phokoso silikuwoneka mokweza panthawiyo) lingawononge maselo ang'onoang'ono a tsitsi m'makutu ako. Mwamwayi, maselowa samabwereranso, kutanthauza kuti kuwonongeka kuli kwamuyaya. Kutayika kwa kumva kumveketsa ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yowonongeka pakumva pano ku United States, ndipo ndi 100% yotetezedwa. Anthu ambiri amamva phokoso lalikulu nthawi zonse monga gawo la ntchito yawo. Mwachitsanzo, omwe amagwira ntchito yomanga kapena ndi makina olemera akhoza kumveka phokoso lalikulu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ngati simunatengepo njira kuti muteteze kumva, patapita nthawi izi zikhoza kuwonongeka kumva kumva phokoso. Ngakhale simukudziwidwa ndi phokoso lalikulu ngati gawo la ntchito yanu, kumvetsera nyimbo zomveka bwino kapena kutchetcha udzu kungawononge maselo apadera mkati mwa khutu lanu. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kumva kumatayika kwenikweni pakakhala phokoso la phokoso.
Imodzi ndi phokoso lalikulu (mu decibels) ndipo chinthu china ndi nthawi yomwe inu mumamva phokosolo. Akatswiri ambiri azachipatala amavomereza kuti phokoso loposa ma decibel 80 limveka mokwanira kuti liwononge khutu lanu, koma mumadziwa bwanji kuti ma decibel angapo ali ndi phokoso? Ambiri aife sitizoloŵera kuwona momwe kulira kwake kuliri, kotero kuti ndikudziwitse kuchuluka kwake kwa ma decibel 80, apa pali mndandanda wa ziwoneka zofanana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa ma decibel:
- kuyankhula mwachibadwa, wotsekemera, chowomitsa zovala (60-65 dB)
- msewu wotanganidwa, wotsukira, wotchi, wotchi (70-85 dB)
- kupuma chowuma, blender, chakudya chokonza (80-90 dB)
- kuwombera dzanja, kutentha kwa chipale chofewa, kuwonongeka kwa unyolo (100-110 dB)
- Mtundu wapatali wa oimba ambiri (112 dB)
- siren, jet kuchoka, kavalo wamagetsi (120 dB)
- jackhammer (130 dB)
- kuwombera mfuti (140 dB)
- zojambula pamoto, pamtunda wa mamita 150 dB)
Palinso mapulogalamu omwe mungagwiritse ntchito omwe angaganizire za decibels za phokoso lina.
Tsatirani malangizo awa kuti muteteze kuchepa kwa kumva phokoso:
- Tvalani khutu lakumvetsera (makutu a khutu kapena mapulagulu a khutu pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoimbira, kupita kumalo otsekemera, kapena mukakhala pamalo aliwonse okhala ndi phokoso lalikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito makutu amtundu angachepetse voliyumu ya 35 dB.
- Sinthani voliyumu pansi pa makanema anu, ma radio, ndi zipangizo zamakono.
- Pewani kuchuluka kwa nthawi imene mumathera kumvetsera nyimbo zomveka.
- Lolani makutu anu kuti apumule mutakhala ndi phokoso lalikulu. Kwa maola awiri alionse mumakhala pa konsati kapena ku kampu yokhala ndi nyimbo zoyimba muyenera kumatha maola 16 mukukhalanso m'malo opanda bata.
Mankhwala
Mungadabwe kudziŵa kuti mankhwala ena, ngakhale mankhwala omwe alipo papepala, angapangitse kuti munthu asamve bwino. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa ototoxic (kutanthauza kuti akhoza kukhala poizoni m'makutu anu). Kumva kutayika chifukwa cha mankhwala ototoxic kungakhale kosakhalitsa kapena kubwezeretsedwa.
Bote lanu labwino kwambiri pofuna kuchepetsa kapena kusinthira kuwonongeka kwa mankhwalawa ndi kuzindikira kuti mukutenga mankhwala ototoxic ndikudziwa zotsatira zomwe mungakhale nazo ngati kuwonongeka kwa makutu anu kukuchitika. Pano pali mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe anthu ambiri amatha kukhala ototoxic, (mndandandawu sikuti onse akuphatikizidwa, popeza pali mankhwala oposa 200 omwe angawononge kumva kwanu):
- aspirin wambiri, ibuprofen, kapena naproxen
- maantibayotiki monga aminoglycosides, quinolones, ndi macrolides (gentamycin, mwachitsanzo, amadziwika kuti ototoxic), komanso tetracycline ndi vancomycin
- anti-khansa mankhwala monga cisplatin, vinblastine
- mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kuphatikizapo diuretics, beta blockers (metoprolol), ndi ACE inhibitor Ramipril
- Sodium valproate
- Amphotericin
- Ganciclovir
- Entacapone
- Tacrolimus
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Acetazolamide
Ngati mukudwala mankhwala atsopano, makamaka ngati mankhwalawa akudziwika kuti ototoxic, muyenera kutchula dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kuti muchepetse kumva kwanu:
- tinnitus (kumalira m'makutu anu)
- kuvutika kumvetsa kulankhula
- kusawonongeka kapena chizungulire
Kupewa Kukhumudwa Kumwana Wanu kapena Achinyamata
Chiwerengero chodabwitsa cha ana a ku United States (pafupifupi 15 peresenti) kale ali ndi chiwerengero chakumvetsera kwa nthawi yomwe ali ndi zaka 6 mpaka 19. Kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kupewa kuchepetsa kumva kumva ali wamng'ono kungathandize kwambiri kuti mwana wanu amve pamene akukula. Monga kholo, sungani malingaliro awa mukuteteza mwana wanu kapena makutu a achinyamata:
- Gulani zipangizo zamakono ndi makutu a makutu omwe ali ndi malire ochepa-magetsi atsopano amatha.
- Ngati n'zotheka kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mwana wanu amaloledwa kumvetsera nyimbo zomveka.
- Sinthani voliyumu ya TV-kaya akuwonera kanema kapena kusewera masewero a pakompyuta, kumvetsera TV kwambiri kumapweteketsa makutu a mwana wanu kusiyana ndi kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chinsalu chomwe angachite kwa maso awo.
- Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu wa ana ndipo (ngati kuli koyenera) dokotala, khutu, ndi khosi kuti athetse vuto la khutu, monga chimbudzi m'makutu kapena matenda a khutu wamkati mwamsanga.
- Ngati mwana wanu samakhala ndi nthawi yowonetsera ku sukulu, pangani nthawi yokambirana ndi akatswiri a zamagetsi kuti achite izi chaka ndi chaka.
- Ngati mwana wanu akugwira ntchito zapakhomo, monga kutchetcha udzu, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi makutu kapena makutu.
Zotsatira:
Malangizo 10 apamwamba kuti muteteze kumva kwanu. Zosankha za NHS. Kusinthidwa: January 2015. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/hearing-problems/Pages/tips-to-protect-hearing.aspx
Kuletsa Kumva Kumva. Kumva Kutayika Association of America. > http://www.hearingloss.org/content/prevention-hearing-loss
> Mfundo Zenizeni Zokhudza Kumva Kutayika. Kumva Kutayika Association of America. http://www.hearingloss.org/content/basic-facts-about-hearing-loss
> Mankhwala Ototoxic (Zotsatira za Mankhwala). Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Otootoxic-Medications/
> Ototoxicity: Vuto Lobisika. Webusaiti ya NCBI. Idasinthidwa February 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138949/