Cerebral palsy ndi mkhalidwe umene ulipo pakubereka kapena mwamsanga atangobereka. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa matendawa ndi chakuti ana safika pa zochitika zachitukuko, koma, ndi zina, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, kenako zimachepa.
Kuzindikira kuti matenda a ubongo ndi wolemala amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti pulogalamuyi imakhala yodalirika komanso yokhazikika.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti akudwala matendawa, kumvetsetsa njirayi kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa.
Kudzifufuza
Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo angasonyeze zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azindikire. Zizindikilo zimaphatikizapo kufooka kwa nkhope, mikono, manja, miyendo kapena thunthu, kayendedwe kolimba komanso kofiira, malankhulidwe omwe ndi ovuta komanso osavuta kumvetsa, mavuto akutafuna ndi kumeza, ndi zolakwika zamaganizo.
Monga kholo kapena wothandizira, kuwona zizindikirozi kungakhale kovuta komanso ponena. Kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikulongosoledwa bwino, zingakhale zothandiza kufotokozera za nthawi-nthawi, ntchito zisanachitike, ndi zina zingathandize dokotala panthawi yolankhulirana.
Mapulogalamu ndi Mayesero
Pali mayesero angapo omwe amathandiza ndi kutsimikizira kuti matenda a ubongo ndi ofooka kwambiri, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale komanso zofufuza.
Mbiri ya Chipatala ndi Kufufuza Kwambiri.
Mbiri yakale imatha kuzindikira zochitika monga kuvulala, kudwala kwa ana ndi matenda monga matenda, kupuma ndi mtima zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ubongo, makamaka kwa ana ang'onoang'ono.
Kufufuza kwa luso la mwanayo pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubongo ndi pakati pa 90 ndi8 peresenti yolondola pozindikira kuti munthu akudwala matendawa.
Njira zina zoyesera zowonongeka kwa mwana zimaphatikizapo Kufufuza Kwabwino kwa Prechtl kwa Zomwe Zimapangitsanso Zomwe Zimayendera ndi Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, yomwe iwiri ndiyomwe imafufuza ndi kuwonetsa mphamvu za mwana ndi zamaganizo pa msinkhu.
Mayesero a Magazi
Mayesero a magazi sali kuyembekezera kuti asonyeze zolakwika mu ubongo waumphawi. Matenda a mitsempha omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za matenda a ubongo akuyembekezeredwa kusonyeza kuyesedwa kwa magazi, zomwe zingathandize kusiyanitsa zikhalidwe. Kuyezetsa magazi kungathenso kuganiziridwa ngati mwana ali ndi zizindikiro za ubongo wake ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda, thupi lolephera kapena matenda.
Mayesero Achibadwa
Kuyeza kwa majeremusi kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira zowonongeka zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo. Cerebral palsy nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta zowonongeka, ndipo phindu lalikulu la kuyesa kwa majeremusi ndilokudziwidwa ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi matenda a ubongo ndi omwe amadziwika bwino.
Sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi woyesedwa. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Komanso, kambiranani ndi wokondedwa wanu kukonzekera zomwe mungachite pamene zotsatira zatha zitha kuthandizira kuti muthane ndi kuthandizana bwino.
Electroencephalogram EEG
Ana ena amene ali ndi matenda a ubongo akomoka. Mitundu ina ya khunyu yosagwidwa ndi ubongo waumphawi ingakhudzidwe kwambiri pa kukula kwa ubwana. Muzovuta za mtundu uwu, kugonjetsedwa kungakhale kovuta m'njira yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi zovuta zadzidzidzi zomwe zimapezeka mu ubongo, ndipo EEG ikhoza kuthandizira kuzindikira zovuta zenizeni (zosadziwika).
Maphunziro Opanga Mitsempha (NCV) ndi Electromyography (EMG)
Matenda ena a minofu ndi a msana angayambitse kufooka kumene kumayamba ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Mitsempha ndi minofu yosaoneka sizimayendera matenda a ubongo, ndipo chifukwa chake zovuta zowonongeka izi zingathandize kulamulira muzinthu zina ndikusiya kutuluka kwa ubongo.
Kujambula
Kujambula kwa ubongo kawirikawiri sikutitsimikizira ubongo wolemala, koma ukhoza kuzindikira chimodzi mwa zifukwa zina zomwe zingabweretse zizindikiro zofanana ndi za matenda a ubongo.
Ubongo CT
Khungu la CT la mwana wodwala matenda a ubongo lingakhale lachilendo kapena lingasonyeze kuti ali ndi stroke, kapena zosaoneka bwino. Zitsanzo zomwe zimasonyeza kuti zizindikiro za mwana sizowona kuti ndizopweteka zimaphatikizapo matenda, fractures, magazi, chifuwa kapena hydrocephalus .
MRI ya ubongo
Ubongo wa MRI ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane ka ubongo kuposa CT scan. Kukhalapo kwa mitundu ina ya ziphuphu, komanso zosawonongeka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuvulala kwachisokonezo (kusowa kwa magazi) kumbali yoyera kapena imvi ya ubongo, ikhoza kuthandizira kuti matenda a cerebral palsy apeze. Umboni wa kutupa kokwanira kumatha kuwonetsa zinthu zina monga cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy.
Muzitsulo zonsezi, mwana (ndi wosamalira) angamaope. Funsani ngati pali chilichonse chomwe chingachitike kuti muthe kuchepetsa zochitika za ana, kukhala ndi winawake pafupi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero chovomerezeka cha mwana kungakhale chinthu chimene adokotala angapereke.
Kusiyanitsa kusiyana
Mankhwala, kasamalidwe, ndi matenda a ubongo waumphawi zimasiyana ndi zofanana ndi zina, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomveka kuti matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri. Zina mwazimenezi zimakhala ndi chiwombolo chodziwika bwino, choncho kudziwidwa kwa chikhalidwe mwa mwana mmodzi kungathandize makolo kuzindikira ndi kuyamwitsa ana awo, kuphatikizapo kupereka malangizo kwa banja lonse lomwe lingakhale lothandiza pakukonzekera kubereka .
Shaken Baby Syndrome
Chikhalidwe chimene chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a mwana omwe ali ndi vuto lachisokonezo-chingakhudze ana aang'ono a mibadwo yonse, ndipo amakhala wamba kwa ana okalamba kuposa ana obadwa kumene. Kuwopsa kwa matenda a mwana kumakhala ndi matenda a mitsempha, kutaya magazi (m'magazi), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kumalo ena a thupi.
Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe chiwonongeko chiyambira, kugwedezeka kwa mwana wamtenda kungapangitse kukhala ndi luso lozindikira malingaliro omwe adayamba kale, pamene ubongo waumphawi umadziwika ndi kusowa nzeru zowonjezera.
Rett Syndrome
Vuto lomwe limakhudza atsikana, Matenda a Rett angayambitse vuto loyendetsa galimoto komanso zoperewera zamaganizo. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwakukulu pakati pa zikhalidwe ndikuti ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Rett amakula kawirikawiri kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12, ndiyeno amasonyeza kuchepa kwa ntchito, pamene ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo sangapeze zochitika zazikulu zothandizira.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Matenda ovuta omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze kuti ndizozindikira komanso zosokoneza khalidwe, ana ena pa autist spectrum akhoza kusokoneza magalimoto kapena kulankhula mawu omwe angakhale olakwika chifukwa cha matenda a ubongo kapena njira ina yozungulira.
Syndromes Zamagetsi
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kapena mapuloteni monga Tay Sacks matenda, Noonan Syndrome , Matenda a Lesch-Nyan, ndi Matenda a Neimann-Pick angathe kukhala ndi zofooka zamagalimoto ndi zovuta zamaganizo zomwe zingakhale zolakwika chifukwa cha matenda a ubongo ndi ubongo wodwalayo. khalani olakwika chifukwa cha izi.
Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zina zapadera, ma syndromes amadzimadzi amasonyezera zosavuta pa mayesero apadera a magazi, zomwe zingathandize kusiyanitsa wina ndi mzake ndi matenda a ubongo.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis, yomwe imatulutsa ubongo, imayambitsa zizindikiro zazikulu kuyambira kufooka mpaka kuimfa kuti asamvere. Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a encephalitis, omwe ali opatsirana komanso otupa.
- Matenda opatsirana: Matenda opatsirana pogonana amawonekera mofulumira kwambiri, komanso amasonyeza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa magazi, ubongo wa CT, brain MRI kapena lumbar fluid.
- Kutupa: Kutupa kotchedwa infecmatory encephalitis kungakhale kovuta ngakhale kuti palibe chifukwa chowopsa . Pakhoza kukhala malungo ogwirizana ndipo kawirikawiri kuyesa magazi, CT ubongo, ubongo wa MRI ndi lumbar madzi amasonyeza umboni wa kutupa.
Mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa mitsempha
Matenda omwe angayambire kuyambira ali wakhanda, ali mwana, kapena wamkulu, mawonekedwe a msana wamatumbo omwe amayamba kuyambira ali wakhanda akhoza kukhala owopsa, kuchititsa ziwalo kapena pafupi ndi ziwalo. Kufooka kwa magalimoto kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa msana, kumatchulidwa kuti SMA mtundu 0, kumakhala kofooketsa kuposa kwa matenda a ubongo. Matendawa amayenera kupita mofulumira ku zotsatira zake zowononga, zomwe sizichitika ndi matenda a ubongo.
Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy
Matenda osadziwika omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, ubongo wa adrenoleukodystrophy umakhudza kwambiri anyamata. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa adrenoleukodystrophy ndi ubongo waumphawi ndikuti ana omwe ali ndi ubongo wa adrenoleukodystrophy ali ndi vuto loyera mu ubongo wawo MRI ndipo chikhalidwecho chimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chidziwitso ndi magalimoto, osati kusowa kwa luso monga mu ubongo waumphawi.
Muscular Dystrophy
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitsempha yotupa, yomwe imadziwika ndi zofooka komanso kusowa kwa minofu. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ubongo ndi matenda a dystrophy ndiko kuti kupweteka kwa mitsempha sikumagwirizanitsa ndi zoperewera zamaganizo, ndipo kufooka kwa minofu ya mitsempha yowopsya imatha kusiyanitsa chifukwa choyambitsidwa ndi matenda a mitsempha kupyolera mu kufufuza kwa thupi ndi maphunziro a EMG / NCV.
> Chitsime:
> Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, et al. Kusanthula koyambirira, kolondola ndi kuyambika koyambirira kwa matenda a ubongo: Kupititsa patsogolo pa Kuzindikira ndi Chithandizo. JAMA Wachipatala. 2017; 171 (9): 897-907.