Zomwe zimadziwika kuti zizindikiro za mchere , chigawo ichi cha anatomy chimateteza chitetezo kwa diso lomwelo ndipo chimaphatikizapo khungu la maso, kutulutsa mazira ndi conjunctiva (woyera wa maso).
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV , matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka m'maderawa ndi awa
- Herpes zoster virus (HSV)
- Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
- Molluscum contagiosum (amadziwikanso kuti "mafunde a madzi")
Kusintha kwazing'onozing'ono-zomwe zimawonetsedwera ndi ma micro-aneurysms ndi kutulutsa mitsempha ndi mitsempha-zimadziŵikanso kuti zimachitika pakati pa odwala 70% mpaka 80% omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo akhoza kukhala okhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Herpes Zoster
Herpes zoster (HSV) imayambitsidwa ndi azimayi otchedwa varicella zoster virus (VZV), omwe amayenda pamtunda wa mitsempha mkati mwa dermatome (mwachitsanzo, malo a khungu omwe amachitidwa ndi mitsempha imodzi). Mukagwiritsiranso ntchito mbali ya ophthalmic yomwe imatchedwa mitsempha ya trigeminal , imatha kupweteka kwambiri komanso kutsika pang'ono, komwe kumatha kutuluka ndi kutsetsereka. Matendawa amatha kutchedwa Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).
HZO amapereka pafupifupi 10% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, makamaka omwe ali ndi CD4 chiwerengero pansi pa maselo 200 / mL. Kukula msinkhu (zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo) kungathandizenso vuto, komanso kuvutika maganizo.
Oral acyclovir ndi njira yokhazikika ya mankhwala kwa HZO, ndi mankhwala opatsirana kapena am'kati omwe amawongolera nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala ndi umboni wokhudzana ndi kugonana (mwachitsanzo, mitsempha ya optic ndi diso lomwelo). Matenda oyambirira ndi chithandizo ndizofunika kwambiri kuti musapewe kuwonongeka kwa cornea, retina, choroid kapena optic mitsempha.
Pali chithandizo cha VZV chomwe chinalimbikitsidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka 50 kapena kupitilira ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mu 2011. Ngakhale kuti palibe ndondomeko yowonongeka yomwe yaperekedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa akulu achikulire omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, amawathandiza kuthandizira odwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoyenera zowononga tizilombo.
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) ndi chotupa chopanda phokoso, chofiira komanso chopanda thupi. Chochititsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV kameneka (HHV8), kamene kamakhala kozungulira maulendo 20%, nthawi zambiri ndi kutupa komweko.
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha KS chachepa kwambiri pofika pamatenda ochepetsa antiretroviral (MAP) , akadakalipobe kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha CD4, makamaka ngati matendawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Poyambitsa mapulogalamu, zilonda za zilondazi zimachitika nthawi yayitali, zowonongeka ngati chitetezo cha m'thupi chimabwezeretsedwa.
Kuwonetsa kwa ma maselo a KS ndizosowa kwambiri, ngakhale maso ofiira, maso owuma, photophobia (kusagwirizana kwa kuwala) ndi masomphenya osowa amadziwika kuti amapezeka chifukwa cha zotupa m'madera ovuta kwambiri m'mapiko ndi maso.
Molluscum Contagiosum
Molluscum contagiosum ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri a khungu chifukwa cha molluscum contagiosum virus (MSV). Chimafalitsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu payekha mwa kulankhulana mwadzidzidzi ndipo zimayambitsa kupweteka, zoboola ngati zidutswa, zotupa zamadzimadzi pa khungu, komanso mu membrane. Zilondazi zimakhala ndi zovuta zoyera ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi khungu la munthu, ngakhale kuti zimaoneka ngati zowoneka bwino.
Molluscum contagiosum kawirikawiri imapezeka mwa ana aang'ono komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la kuteteza thupi lawo. Zitha kuonekera pa khungu lirilonse, kuphatikizapo kuzungulira diso komanso maso ake. Kuchita nawo maselo ambiri kumawoneka kukhala kosawerengeka.
Anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, nthawi zambiri amadzipangitsa okha kudziletsa okhaokha
Matenda a MSV amayamba kukhala oopsa kwambiri pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Njira zochiritsira zili zochepa ndipo zingakhale ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mavitamini komanso mankhwala othandizira kuti azimitsa tizilonda tating'onoting'ono, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a nayitrogeni kapena laser kwa omwe akufuna kuchotsedwa mofulumira. Palibe katemera wa MSV.
Zotsatira:
Rocha Lima, B. "Maonekedwe Ophthalmic mu HIV." Digital Journal ya Ophthalmology. October 29, 2004; 10 (3): mawonekedwe a pa intaneti.
Sudhakar, P .; Kedara, S.; ndi Berger, J. "Nthenda zamaganizo za HIV / AIDS zokhudzana ndi HIV ndi Edzi." Nthenda ya HIV ya HIV . September 17, 2012; 2012 (4): 99-111.
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ya Umoyo ku United States (DHHS). "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda Osayembekezereka Aakulu Achikulire ndi Okhudzidwa ndi HIV: Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi CMV Herpes - Varicella Zoster Virus." Rockville, Maryland.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA imavomereza katemera wa Zostavax popewera shingles pakati pa anthu a zaka 50 mpaka 59." Silver Springs, Maryland; ndondomeko yomasuliridwa kuchokera pa May 24, 2011.
Benson, C .; Hua, L .; Andersen, J .; et al. "ZOSTAVAX nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka komanso yotetezeka m'magulu akuluakulu a kachilombo ka HIV omwe amatsutsidwa pa ART: zotsatira za chigawo chachiwiri, chiyeso chachiwiri, chachiwiri, chokhala ndi maso." Msonkhano wa 19 wa Retroviruses ndi Matenda Osakanikirana (CROI); Seattle, Washington; March 5-8, 2012; chosamveka 96.
DHHS. "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda Osayembekezereka Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa ndi HIV ndi Achinyamata: Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi CMV Herpes - Human Herpesvirus 8." Rockville, Maryland.
DHHS. "Malangizo Othandizira Kupewa ndi Kuchiza Matenda Osayembekezereka Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa ndi HIV ndi Achinyamata: Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi CMV Herpes - Human Herpesvirus 8." Rockville, Maryland.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Information Clinic: Molluscum Contagiosum." Atlanta, Georgia.