Chimodzi mwa madandaulo odwala nthawi zambiri, kaya munthu ali ndi chiwindi kapena ayi, ndizosauka bwino m'thupi. Njira yowonongeka imayesedwa ndi kuchepa kwa michere, yomwe, ngati munthu ali ndi vuto losayenera, amachepetse mphamvu yopezera zakudya zomwe zimayenera kukhala zopindulitsa m'thupi lonse.
Zonsezi zimayambitsa matenda osauka, omwe pamapeto pake angapangitse matenda monga hepatitis. Choncho, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti odwala a hepatitis aganizire kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, komanso kumvetsetsa zofunikira za thanzi labwino.
Popeza chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonongeka kwambiri za kuchepa kwa thupi ndiko kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya enzymatic, ndifunikanso kudziŵa phindu la kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chabwino cha enzyme mu dongosolo lathu la kudya. Gawo labwino la GI limagwiritsa ntchito michere kuti liswe zakudya zakumwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimangowonjezera m'magazi. Matenda a chiwindi, omwe chiwindi ndi mbali yake, ali ndi mabakiteriya abwino omwe amathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, kuyamwa ndi vitamini kumapangidwe.
World of Enzymes
Pepsin ndi imodzi mwa mavitamini ofunika kwambiri opatsa digestive omwe amafunika kuti azidya moyenera. Pepsin imathandiza kuthetsa mapuloteni ndikusandulika kukhala peptides mmimba.
Komabe, tsamba la Trypsin, ndilo puloteni yomwe imayikidwa ndi mphukira mu duodenum yomwe imachititsa kuti peptides akhale amino acid. Zochitika za trypsin zimayambitsa chymotrypsin, yomwe imathanso kuphwanya mapuloteni. Gulu lina la enzyme lomwe limasungidwa ndi ziphuphu limaphatikizapo mapuloteni - mavitamini omwe amachititsa mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu zakudya kukhala amino acid.
Mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi ma glands amatha kupanga nayenso mavitamini otchedwa amylase, omwe amapezeka pancreas; imasintha mapangidwe a shuga mu shuga zosavuta kokha pamene grub yatsitsidwira ndi phula pakamwa. Lipase ndi enzyme ina yomwe imamangidwa ndi saliva ndi maphala. Mankhwala a Lipase pothetsa lipids kapena mafuta kuti azigwira ntchito. Komanso, lactose kapena shuga la mkaka ndizogawidwa ndi lactase - puloteni yomwe imayikidwa ndi zovuta za m'mimba.
Cellulase, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya abwino omwe amapezeka m'matumbo kapena zakudya zamagetsi zimathandizira kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi zakudya zina komanso zakudya zina zomwe zimachokera ku zakudya zamasamba. Mavitamini ndi zina zowonongeka zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti kutembenuka kwa mamolekyu a zakudya kukhala zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Mabakiteriya abwino, omwe amadziwika kuti GI flora kapena ma probiotics okhala m'mimba, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti matumbo awononge mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso oyipa komanso kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitengeke. Maantibiotiki amakhalanso ndi zakudya zochepa. Zina mwazo ndi mkaka wochokera ku mkaka monga yogurt, tchizi ndi buttermilk, ndiwo zamasamba zowonjezera, msuzi wa soya, ndi miso omwe ali ndi malonda a soya.
Ngakhale njoka zamtundu wofiira mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi ma probiotics akubwera.
Komabe, palibe njira yothetsera mabakiteriya onse oipa m'thupi ndikusiya mabakiteriya onse abwino. Komabe, pali njira zothetsera thanzi la kapangidwe ka GI pofuna kuthetsa mavuto omwe amamva ndi odwala matenda a hepatitis komanso kuwonjezera chitetezo cha thupi. Ma probiotics amagwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya kuti agonjetse nthenda zoipa za mabakiteriya oipa omwe sungapeŵe omwe angakhale atasonkhanitsidwa ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi. Kwenikweni, ma probiotics amaletsa poizoni omwe amapezeka m'magazi ndikusunga kapepala ka GI kuchokera kuzinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimawombera bwino dongosolo la zakudya.
Amayang'ana Chiwindi
Chiwindi chimayamikiridwa kwambiri ngati chiwalo chachikulu mkati mwa thupi. Khungu ndilo likulu lalikulu, koma ilo liri kunja. Chiwindi chili ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi gawo lalikulu la thupi. Imathandizanso kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yofunika kwambiri. Chiwindi cha chiwindi cha glycogen - chimbudzi chautali chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito monga gawo lachiwiri la magetsi. Chiwindi chimatulutsanso zakudya zonse m'thupi. Zimapangitsa brownish kapena zachikasu kukhala zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira kuti zikhale zachikasu zotchedwa bile. Buluyo imatumizidwa kumatumbo aang'ono, makamaka kwa duodenum, yomwe imathandiza kuchimake ndi kuyamwa kwa lipids, kuphatikizapo mafuta.
Bulu imayikidwa mu ndulu, yomwe ili ndi peyala yooneka ngati peyala yomwe imayambitsa chiwindi cha chiwindi, itatha kuchotsedwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo imatumizidwa kumatumbo aang'ono. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa bile kuchotsa kuchokera ku chifuwa mpaka kumatumbo ang'onoang'ono kumafunsidwa pamene pali zakudya zamatenda m'matumbo. Komanso, mankhwala ochulukirapo amakhala akugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ndulu kuti athe kugwiritsanso ntchito kuyamwa kwa chakudya china chotsatira. Nkhanza, pambali inayo, ndizofunikira kupanga kapangidwe ka pancreatic yamadzimadzi osiyana siyana omwe akulakalaka kuyamwa: kuyesa kuperewera kwa mapuloteni, kuchepetsa kuperewera kwa zakudya, komanso kuchepetsa mafuta. Mavitamini ameneŵa amadutsa ndikuthandizira m'matumbo ang'onoting'onoting'ono kuti apitirize kugwiritsira ntchito zakudya zamtunduwu popita kumatumbo akuluakulu.
Zotsatira:
Kararli TT. Kuyerekeza kwa Mimba Yamatumbo Anatomy, Physiology, ndi Biochemistry ya Anthu ndi Kawirikawiri Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Zinyama Zamanja. Matenda Osokoneza Bongo a Biopharm. 1995 Jul; 16 (5): 351-80.
Ménard D. Kupititsa patsogolo Ntchito ya Mimba Yamagulu: Njira zowonetsera Hormone ndi Growth-Mediated Regulatory Systems. Kodi J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jan; 18 (1): 39-44.