Puloteni ndi anti-kapena mbali ya wodwala-yomwe ingayambe kuyesa magazi ndi / kapena mkodzo, ndipo kukhalapo kwake kungatanthauze zinthu zosiyana. Mu khansa ya magazi monga myeloma , 'M' mu 'M mapuloteni' amaimira monoclonal. Puloteni ya monoclonal imapangidwa ndi maselo osalimba, khansa kapena precancerous. Amatchedwa mapuloteni a monoclonal chifukwa pali chingwe chimodzi, mono-clone ya "maselo ofanana a mapasa," omwe amapanga mapuloteniwa.
Mapuloteni a M ali ngati mankhwala opanda vuto, opangidwa ndi misa; Silimbana ndi matenda ndipo alibe ntchito.
M'chithunzichi, anti-buluu wonyezimira wa Y, kapena immunoglobulin, ndi mapuloteni a M.
Chinthu chachikulu chozungulira kumbuyo kwake ndilo selo ya plasma, yomwe imapanga ma antibodies. Sikuti mapuloteni onse a M ali ndi ma antibodies onse omwe amasonyeza. Nthawi zina, mapuloteni a myeloma ndi chimodzi chokha cha antibody.
Mavesi ena a M mapuloteni
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni a myeloma, M amatanthauza kupanga thupi kosasintha kwa maselo a m'magazi a thupi. Mwamwayi, "mapuloteni a M" akhoza kutengedwa ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a mankhwala, malingana ndi mutu kapena matenda omwe akukambidwa.
Puloteni ya M ingathenso kufotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu monga otsatirawa:
- Monoclonal protein
- Myeloma mapuloteni
- Mankhwala omasuka a immunoglobulin
- Paraproteins
- Mapuloteni a Bence Jones
- The M spike
- Chigawo cha M
M'nkhani ino, tikukamba makamaka za mapuloteni a M okhudzana ndi khansa, ndipo makamaka makamaka ku mitundu ina ya khansa yamagazi komanso mkhalidwe wambiri wa magazi ndi mafupa.
Komabe, mapuloteni ena otchuka M amapezeka mchipatala, makamaka pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga momwe taonera apa:
- Mapuloteni a M akhoza kuyimira mapuloteni monga mavitamini a M1 a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a chimfine .
- Puloteni M ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana bacteria, streptococcus pyogenes.
- Mapuloteni a M, kapena kwenikweni "mapuloteni M," ndi ofunika ku bacterium mycoplasma genitalia .
Kansa ya Magazi
Mapuloteni onse a antibody amatchedwa immunoglobulins. Mapuloteni a M ali ndi immunoglobulin-kapena mbali ya immunoglobulin-yomwe imatanthauzidwa kukhala monoclonal, kutanthauza kuti imapangidwa ndi khungu limodzi la maselo ovuta. Si zachilendo kuti thupi likhale ndi mavitamini ambiri omwe amapezeka mu myeloma, ndipo izi zimapezeka mu maphunziro a labotale. Zingachititsenso mavuto m'thupi, makamaka ngati miyezo ikukula kwambiri.
Kumene Kumachokera
Mu mapulogalamu ambiri a myeloma, mapuloteni a M amachokera ku maselo ambiri a plasma. Kawirikawiri, maselo a m'magazi amapanga ma antibodies osiyanasiyana. M'chikhalidwe chokhala ndi thanzi labwino, chiwerengero cha maselo a m'magazi amatha kupanga mitundu yambiri ya ma antibodies, yotchedwa polyclonal antibodies, kapena immycoglonal immunoglobulins. Pamene maselo a m'magazi amakhala khansa, kawirikawiri pali selo limodzi, loipa kwambiri lomwe lachititsa kuti mbalame zambiri zifanane. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi maselo omwewo, ndipo zimangopanga mapuloteni okhaokha. Popeza pali maselo ambiri a plasma, akuchulukitsa molakwika, amapanga mapuloteni ambiri a monoclonal. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, kapena mapiritsi, mu pulogalamu imodzi yokha, ikhoza kupezeka mu mayesero a labu.
Makhalidwe a Matenda a Monoclonal
Wotsutsakhristu aliyense amapangidwa ndi magawo anayi. Muli mkati mwa mitsempha iwiri yaitali, ndi maunyolo awiri ofanana kunja. Mu fanoli, mukhoza kuona selo ya plasma ndi anti-antibodies ndi zina zambiri zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi kumbuyo.
Mitsempha yofewa, kapena yayifupi, kunja kwa mizere ya "Buluu Y" yomwe ili pachithunzichi, imatchedwanso mapuloteni a Bence Jones , kapena maunyolo opanda immunoglobulin omasuka . Pankhaniyi, ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka antibody wamkulu. Pamene mapuloteni a M ali ndi unyolo wofewa, ndi ochepa mokwanira, kuti udutse mu impso ndikulowa mu mkodzo.
Choncho, ngati kuyesa kwa magazi kokha kumachitika mitsempha yosalala ikhoza kusowa chifukwa atalowa mkodzo.
Komabe, ngati mapuloteni a M ali ndi immunoglobulin lonse-Y yaikulu yomwe ili pa chithunzichi, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuwonedwa m'magazi chifukwa ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuti isadutse mkodzo. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mapuloteni aakuluwa amasungidwa, mapuloteni ambiri a M amapezeka mu impso angayambitse matenda a impso.
Kufunika
- Kuzindikira: M mapuloteni amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'maganizo anga a myeloma ndi zina zambiri
- Kuwonongeka kwa impso: Pamene mapuloteni ambiri ali okwanira mokwanira ndipo amakhala ochulukitsa mokwanira kuti awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a impso, izi zingayambitse matenda a impso ndipo potsirizira pake impso ikulephera.
- Malinga ndi maonekedwe a mapuloteni obisika, zotsatira zina zoipa ndizotheka.
Magazi ndi Marrow Zinthu Zolimbitsa M Mapuloteni
Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri pa kuyesedwa kwa mkodzo ndi awa:
- Myeloma - Kuyezetsa mkodzo kudzakhala kothandiza kwa mapuloteni a M pakati pa 50 ndi 80% a anthu omwe ali ndi myeloma.
- MGUS - Kugonana kwa thupi kosagwirizana ndi chinthu chosafunikira kwenikweni kungakhale ndi msinkhu wokwera.
- Macrologinemia ya Waldenstrom - Khansara iyi, yomwe imaphatikizapo maselo omwe amachititsa kuti maselo a m'magazi apezeke, akhoza kukhala ndi mapuloteni okwera a M.
Nthaŵi zina, maselo omwe amachititsa kuti mapuloteni a M awonongeke, ndipo amatha kupha mafupa, mafupa, chiwindi, spleen, kapena ziwalo zina. Izi n'zimene zimapezeka m'magazi ambiri a myeloma, a plasmacytoma okhaokha, ndi Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Nthawi zina, mapuloteni a M amapangidwa ndi khungu kakang'ono, kamene kali kochepa, kamene kali koyipa kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kowonjezereka, ndipo izi zimayambitsa zizindikiro. Izi ndizochitika muzinthu zosiyana siyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana ndi MGUS.
Mawu Ochokera
Mavuto ambiri angayambitse mtundu umodzi wa mapuloteni, mtundu umodzi wa mapuloteni; ndipo, sikuti zonsezi ndizo khansa. Mukhoza kukhala ndi mapuloteni a M okhala ndi ziwalo zina zogonana, monga machitidwe a lupus erythematosus, nyamakazi ya nyamakazi, ndi nyamakazi ya psoriatic. Mukhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi Edzi. Mungathe kukhala nawo ndi matenda a von Willebrand, matenda osowa magazi ambiri. Choncho, nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha mapuloteni a M ndi ofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kupezeka kwa kupeza izi.
Zotsatira:
Leukemia ndi Lymphoma Society. Kudziwa. https://www.lls.org/disease-information/myeloma/diagnosis
Papanikolaou X, Rosenthal A, Dhodapkar M, et al. Makina a cytometry omwe amamasuliridwa kuti cytoplasmic immunoglobulin index ndichinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu yamaginophythoni yodziwika bwino yapamwamba yamagymopal isayambe kupita ku multiple myeloma (kulingalira kwa SWOG S0120). Magazi a Magazi a Magazi. 2016; 6 (3): e410-.