Zomwe Vuto la Prostate Limatiuza Ndipo Sitikutiuza
Akulu ambiri adziŵa mayeso a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) omwe madokotala amawagwiritsa ntchito kuti awonetse kansa ya prostate. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri adzawatcha ngati "kansa ya prostate," sichidziwika kwenikweni ndi khansara koma makamaka kutupa kwa gland lokha.
PSA ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amapangidwa ndi prostate gland.
Ngati pali vuto lililonse kapena matenda enaake, kutupa kumeneku kumayambitsa kutulutsa ma antigen. Mapamwamba a PSA mlingo, ndikutentha kwakukulu.
Khansara ya prostate ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe PSA mayeso angathandizire kupeza. Ngakhale kuti PSA yapamwamba ikhoza kuganiza za matenda, chiyeso chokha sichikhoza kupereka matenda. Pachifukwa ichi, mayesero ena ndi mayeso amafunika.
Zomwe Zilibe Matenda a Khansa ya PSA Yaikulu
Mayeso a PSA poyamba adavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration mu 1986 kuti ayang'ane kukula kwa kansa ya prostate mwa amuna omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa. Pofika chaka cha 1994, zinali zoonekeratu kuti mayeserowo anali ofunika pozindikira kutupa kwa prostatic mwa amuna ena opanda zizindikiro.
Ngakhale khansara ya prostate ndiyi yaikulu yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi nkhawa, zina zomwe sizili ndi khansa zingayambitsenso PSA. Ambiri mwa awa ndi prostatitis (kutupa kwa prostate gland).
Ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto a prostate mwa amuna oposa 50 ndipo akhoza kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Mavitamini a bakiteriya prostatitis, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba pamene mabakiteriya amatha kutuluka mumtsinje wa prostate kupita ku prostate gland
- Matenda a bacterial prostatitis, omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa kosalekeza
- Matenda osaphatikizapo a prostatitis, omwe angakhale ndi zizindikiro koma palibe chifukwa chodziwika
- Matenda osakanikirana a prostatitis, omwe kutupa kulipo koma alibe zizindikiro
Chinthu chinanso cha miyezo yapamwamba ya PSA ndi benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , momwe chikhalidwecho chimakhalira. BPH imawonekera makamaka mwa amuna achikulire ndipo ikhoza kusokoneza zizindikiro za mkodzo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka mkodzo. Ngakhale sizikudziwika bwino zomwe zimayambitsa BPH, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni ogonana pamene amuna akula.
BPH sichitha khansa kapena kusonyeza khansara. Komabe, ndi kofunika kuti muwapeze ndi kuwachiza monga momwe angayambitsire mavuto monga matenda a mkodzo (UTIs) , miyala ya chikhodzodzo, kuwonongeka kwa chikhodzodzo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso.
Kuzindikira Khansa ya Prostate
M'mbuyomu, madokotala ambiri amaganiza kuti PSA ndi 4.0 kapena pansipa kuti akhale yachibadwa. Ngati mndandanda uli pamwamba pa 4.0, madokotala angaganizire kuti kukhala mbendera yofiira kwa khansa ndipo nthawi yomweyo azikonzekera.
Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, madokotala adziwa kuti palibe PSA yamtengo wapatali. Ndipotu, amuna omwe ali ndi PSA yochepa amatha kukhala ndi khansa, pamene iwo okhala ndi PSA apamwamba kuposa 4.0 akhoza kukhala opanda khansa kwathunthu.
Momwemo, zotsatila zamakono zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito PSA ndi kuwerengera kwa digito (DRE) monga gawo la kufufuza kansa ya prostate.
DRE ndi kuunika kwa thupi komwe kameneka kamalowetsedwera kuti ayese kukula ndi kusinthasintha kwa gland. Amachitidwa mosasamala kanthu za makhalidwe a PSA ndipo zingakhale zothandiza pakuwona zolakwika zilizonse zomwe sizinazindikiridwe ndi mayeso a PSA.
Mayeso a PSA ndi DRE akulimbikitsidwa mwa amuna oposa 50 komanso omwe ali pakati pa zaka 40 ndi 49 omwe mchimwene kapena abambo amakhala ndi khansa ya prostate. Malingana ndi zotsatira za mayesero, zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitika:
- Ngati PSA sichikwera ndipo DRE ndi yachilendo, dokotala angapangire kuti ayang'ane wina mu chaka.
- Ngati PSA ikukwera koma palibe zizindikiro kapena zosaoneka, dokotala akhoza kulangiza mayeso ena a PSA kuti atsimikizire zotsatira. Ngati akadakalipo, adokotala angafunike kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane kusintha kulikonse.
- Ngati PSA ili pamwamba ndipo pali mankhwala owopsyeza, dokotala akhoza kulangiza mayesero ena kuphatikizapo kuyesa mkodzo (kuyesa UTI), X-rays, transrectal ultrasound , kapena cystoscopy . Ngati akuganiza kuti khansa ya prostate ingakonzedwenso, chidziwitso chikhoza kuyendetsedwa.
> Zotsatira:
> National Cancer Institute: Ma Institutes of Health. Mayeso a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). " Bethesda, Maryland; yasinthidwa pa Oktoba 4, 2017.
> Pinsky, P .; Prorok, P .; ndi Kramer, B. "Kuyezetsa Khansa ya Prostate - Lingaliro pa Zomwe Zilipo Panopa." N Eng J Med. 2017; 376: 1285-89. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMsb1616281.